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The Antibiotic Negamycin Crosses the Bacterial Cytoplasmic Membrane by Multiple Routes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.00986-20. [PMID: 33468467 PMCID: PMC8097410 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00986-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Negamycin is a natural pseudodipeptide antibiotic with promising activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, and good efficacy in infection models. It binds to ribosomes with a novel binding mode, stimulating miscoding and inhibiting ribosome translocation. Negamycin is a natural pseudodipeptide antibiotic with promising activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, and good efficacy in infection models. It binds to ribosomes with a novel binding mode, stimulating miscoding and inhibiting ribosome translocation. We were particularly interested in studying how the small, positively charged natural product reaches its cytoplasmic target in Escherichia coli. Negamycin crosses the cytoplasmic membrane by multiple routes depending on environmental conditions. In a peptide-free medium, negamycin uses endogenous peptide transporters for active translocation, preferentially the dipeptide permease Dpp. However, in the absence of functional Dpp or in the presence of outcompeting nutrient peptides, negamycin can still enter the cytoplasm. We observed a contribution of the DppA homologs SapA and OppA, as well as of the proton-dependent oligopeptide transporter DtpD. Calcium strongly improves the activity of negamycin against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, especially at concentrations around 2.5 mM, reflecting human blood levels. Calcium forms a complex with negamycin and facilitates its interaction with negatively charged phospholipids in bacterial membranes. Moreover, decreased activity at acidic pH and under anaerobic conditions points to a role of the membrane potential in negamycin uptake. Accordingly, improved activity at alkaline pH could be linked to increased uptake of [3H]negamycin. The diversity of options for membrane translocation is reflected by low resistance rates. The example of negamycin demonstrates that membrane passage of antibiotics can be multifaceted and that for cytoplasmic anti-Gram-negative drugs, understanding of permeation and target interaction are equally important.
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Gockel LM, Heyes M, Li H, Al Nahain A, Gorzelanny C, Schlesinger M, Holdenrieder S, Li JP, Ferro V, Bendas G. Inhibition of Tumor-Host Cell Interactions Using Synthetic Heparin Mimetics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7080-7093. [PMID: 33533245 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) is the guideline-based drug for antithrombotic treatment of cancer patients, while its direct antitumor effects are a matter of ongoing debate. Although therapeutically established for decades, LMWH has several drawbacks mainly associated with its origin from animal sources. Aiming to overcome these limitations, a library of synthetic heparin mimetic polymers consisting of homo- and copolymers of sulfonated and carboxylated noncarbohydrate monomers has recently been synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. These heparin mimetics were investigated for their capacities to interfere with simulated steps of tumor cell metastasis. Among them, homo- and copolymers from sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (poly(SSS)) with acrylic acid (poly(SSS-co-AA)) with an MW between 5 and 50 kDa efficiently attenuated cancer cell-induced coagulation and thus platelet activation and degranulation similar to or even better than LMWH. Furthermore, independent of anticoagulant activities, these polymers affected other metastasis-relevant targets with impressive affinities. Hence, they blocked heparanase enzymatic activity outmatching commercial heparins or a glycosidic drug candidate. Furthermore, these polymers bind P-selectin and the integrin VLA-4 similar to or even better than heparin, indicated by a biosensor approach and thus efficiently blocked melanoma cell binding to endothelium under blood flow conditions. This is the first report on the prospects of synthetic heparin mimetics as promising nontoxic compounds in oncology to potentially substitute heparin as an anticoagulant and to better understand its role as an antimetastatic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M Gockel
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Martin Heyes
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Honglian Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Abdullah Al Nahain
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Christian Gorzelanny
- Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schlesinger
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- The German Heart Centre of Technical University Munich, Laboratory Medicine, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, SciLifeLab Uppsala, The Biomedical Center, University of Uppsala, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical and Cell Biological Chemistry, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Tao R, Reboud J, Torun H, McHale G, Dodd LE, Wu Q, Tao K, Yang X, Luo JT, Todryk S, Fu Y. Integrating microfluidics and biosensing on a single flexible acoustic device using hybrid modes. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1002-1011. [PMID: 32026889 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01189g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Integration of microfluidics and biosensing functionalities on a single device holds promise in continuous health monitoring and disease diagnosis for point-of-care applications. However, the required functions of fluid handling and biomolecular sensing usually arise from different actuation mechanisms. In this work, we demonstrate that a single acoustofluidic device, based on a flexible thin film platform, is able to generate hybrid wave modes, which can be used for fluidic actuation (Lamb waves) and biosensing (thickness shear waves). On this integrated platform, we show multiple and sequential functions of mixing, transport and disposal of liquid volumes using Lamb waves, whilst the thickness bulk shear waves allow us to sense the chemotherapeutic Imatinib, using an aptamer-based strategy, as would be required for therapy monitoring. Upon binding, the conformation of the aptamer results in a change in coupled mass, which has been detected. This platform architecture has the potential to generate a wide range of simple sample-to-answer biosensing acoustofluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Energy, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China. and Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Julien Reboud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8LT, UK
| | - Hamdi Torun
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Glen McHale
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Linzi E Dodd
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
| | - Kai Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, CF24 3AA UK
| | - Jing Ting Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Thin Films and Applications, College of Physics and Energy, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Stephen Todryk
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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Steil D, Pohlentz G, Legros N, Mormann M, Mellmann A, Karch H, Müthing J. Combining Mass Spectrometry, Surface Acoustic Wave Interaction Analysis, and Cell Viability Assays for Characterization of Shiga Toxin Subtypes of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Bacteria. Anal Chem 2018; 90:8989-8997. [PMID: 29939014 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) as a human pathogenic subgroup of STEC are characterized by releasing Stx AB5-toxin as the major virulence factor. Worldwide disseminated EHEC strains cause sporadic infections and outbreaks in the human population and swine pathogenic STEC strains represent greatly feared pathogens in pig breeding and fattening plants. Among the various Stx subtypes, Stx1a and Stx2a are of eminent clinical importance in human infections being associated with life-threatening hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome, whereas Stx2e subtype is associated with porcine edema disease with a generalized fatal outcome for the animals. Binding toward the glycosphingolipid globotriaosylceramide (Gb3Cer) is a common feature of all Stx subtypes analyzed so far. Here, we report on the development of a matched strategy combining (i) miniaturized one-step affinity purification of native Stx subtypes from culture supernatant of bacterial wild-type strains using Gb3-functionalized magnetic beads, (ii) structural analysis and identification of Stx holotoxins by electrospray ionization ion mobility mass spectrometry (ESI MS), (iii) functional Stx-receptor real-time interaction analysis employing the surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology, and (iv) Vero cell culture assays for determining Stx-caused cytotoxic effects. Structural investigations revealed diagnostic tryptic peptide ions for purified Stx1a, Stx2a, and Stx2e, respectively, and functional analysis resulted in characteristic binding kinetics of each Stx subtype. Cytotoxicity studies revealed differing toxin-mediated cell damage ranked with Stx1a > Stx2a > Stx2e. Collectively, this matched procedure represents a promising clinical application for the characterization of life-endangering Stx subtypes at the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Steil
- Institute for Hygiene , University of Münster , Robert-Koch-Strasse 41 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Gottfried Pohlentz
- Institute for Hygiene , University of Münster , Robert-Koch-Strasse 41 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Nadine Legros
- Institute for Hygiene , University of Münster , Robert-Koch-Strasse 41 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Michael Mormann
- Institute for Hygiene , University of Münster , Robert-Koch-Strasse 41 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Alexander Mellmann
- Institute for Hygiene , University of Münster , Robert-Koch-Strasse 41 , D-48149 Münster , Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Münster , Domagkstrasse 3 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Helge Karch
- Institute for Hygiene , University of Münster , Robert-Koch-Strasse 41 , D-48149 Münster , Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Münster , Domagkstrasse 3 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
| | - Johannes Müthing
- Institute for Hygiene , University of Münster , Robert-Koch-Strasse 41 , D-48149 Münster , Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) Münster , Domagkstrasse 3 , D-48149 Münster , Germany
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Hoß SG, Bendas G. Mass-Sensitive Biosensor Systems to Determine the Membrane Interaction of Analytes. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1520:145-157. [PMID: 27873251 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6634-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are devices that transform a biological interaction into a readout signal, which is evaluable for analytical purposes. The general strength of biosensor approaches is the avoidance of time-consuming and cost-intensive labeling procedures of the analytes. In this chapter, we give insight into a mass-sensitive surface-acoustic wave (SAW) biosensor, which represents an elegant and highly sensitive method to investigate binding events at a molecular level. The principle of SAW technology is based on the piezoelectric properties of the sensors, so as to binding events and their accompanied mass increase at the sensor surface are detectable by a change in the oscillation of the surface acoustic wave. In combination with model membranes, transferred to the sensor surface, the analytical value of SAW biosensors has strongly been increased and extended to different topics of biomedical investigations, including antibiotic research. The interaction with the bacterial membrane or certain target structures therein is the essential mode of action for various antibacterial compounds. Beside targeted interaction, an unspecific membrane binding or membrane insertion of drugs can contribute to the antibacterial activity by changing the lateral order of membrane constituents or by interfering with the membrane barrier function. Those pleiotropic effects are hardly to illustrate in the bacterial systems and need a detailed view at the in vitro level. Here, we illustrate the usefulness of a SAW biosensor in combination with model membranes to investigate the mode of membrane interaction of antibiotic active peptides. Using two different peptides we exemplary describe the interaction analysis in a two-step gain of information: (1) a binding intensity or affinity by analyzing the phase changes of oscillation, and (2) mode of membrane interaction, i.e., surface binding or internalization of the peptide by following the amplitude of oscillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian G Hoß
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry II, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerd Bendas
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry II, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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