1
|
Choudhary P, Singh VK, Dixit A. 2D-Bio-FETs for sensitive detection of cardiovascular diseases. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:413004. [PMID: 38959912 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad5ee9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The biosensing industry has seen exponential growth in the past decade. Impact of biosensors in the current scenario cannot be overlooked. Cardiovascular diseases (CvDs) have been recognized as one of the major causes for millions of deaths globally. This mortality can be minimized by early and accurate detection/diagnosis of CvDs with the help of biosensing devices. This also presents a global market opportunity for the development of biosensors for CvDs. A vast variety of biosensing methods and devices have been developed for this problem. Most of commercially available platforms for CvD detection rely on optical (fluorometric and colorimetric analysis) techniques using serum biomarkers since optical testing is the gold standard in medical diagnosis. Field effect transistors-based biosensors, termed as Bio-FETs, are the upcoming devices for blood or serum analyte detection due to excellent sensitivity, low operational voltage, handheld device structure and simple chip-based operation. Further, the discovery of two dimensional (2D) materials and their integration with conventional FETs has improved the overvoltage problem, sensitivity and strict operating conditions as compared to conventional FETs. Graphene-FETs based biosensing devices have been proven as promising candidates due to their attractive properties. Despite the severe threat of CvDs which has further increased in post-covid era, the Bio-FET sensor studies in literature are still rare. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive view of all the multidisciplinary concepts related to 2D-BioFETs for CvDs. A critical review of the different platforms has been covered with detailed discussions of related studies to provide a clear concept and present status of 2D-BioFETs based CvD biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Choudhary
- Advanced Material and Device (AMAD) Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Vijay K Singh
- Advanced Material and Device (AMAD) Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| | - Ambesh Dixit
- Advanced Material and Device (AMAD) Laboratory, Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Karwar, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342030, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Qian S, Zhang S, Chen D, Wang J, Wu W, Zhang S, Geng Z, He Y, Zhu B. Phosphorylcholine-Functionalized PEDOT-Gated Organic Electrochemical Transistor Devices for Ultra-Specific and Sensitive C-Reactive Protein Detection. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3739. [PMID: 37765593 PMCID: PMC10535691 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Affinity-based organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) sensors offer an attractive approach to point-of-care diagnostics due to their extreme sensitivity and easy operation; however, their application in the real world is frequently challenged by the poor storage stability of antibody proteins and the interference from biofouling in complex biofluids. In this work, we developed an antibody-free and antifouling OECT biosensor to detect C-reactive protein (CRP) at ultra-high specificity and sensitivity. The key to this novel biosensor is the gate coated by phosphorylcholine-functionalized poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT-PC), which possesses large capacitance and low impedance, prevents biofouling of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the fetal bovine serum (FBS), and interacts specifically with CRP molecules in the presence of calcium ions. This PEDOT-PC-gated OECT biosensor demonstrated exceptional sensitivity when detecting the CRP molecules at 10 pg/mL, while significantly depressing the signal from the nonspecific binding. This indicates that this biosensor could detect the CRP molecules directly without nonspecific binding blocking, the usual process for the earlier transistor sensors before detection. We envision that this PEDOT-PC-gated OECT biosensor platform may offer a potentially valuable tool for point-of-care diagnostics as it alleviates concerns about poor antibody stability and BSA blocking inconstancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China;
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (S.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Shouyan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (S.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Danni Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (S.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (S.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (S.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (S.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Zhi Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (S.Z.); (Z.G.)
| | - Yong He
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; (S.Z.); (D.C.); (J.W.); (W.W.); (S.Z.); (Z.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang D, Wang C, Gu Z, Li J, Jin L, Li J, Wang Z, Jiang RW. Discovery of anti-allergic components in Guomingkang Formula using sensitive HEMT biochips coupled with in vitro and in vivo validation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154837. [PMID: 37126969 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent allergic disease, which seriously affects the sufferers' life quality and increases the socioeconomic burden. Guominkang (GMK), a well-known prescription for AR treatment, showed satisfactory effects; while its anti-allergic components remain to be disclosed. AlGaN/GaN HEMT biochip is more sensitive and cost-effective than other binding equipments, indicating its great potential for screening of active ingredients from herbal medicines. METHODS AR mouse models were first established to test the anti-allergic effect of GMK and discover the ingredients absorbed into blood by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectra (UHPLC-MS). Then, novel Syk/Lyn/Fyn-functionalized high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) biochips with high sensitivity and specificity were constructed and applied to screen the active components. Finally, the results from HEMT biochips screening were validated via in silico (molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation), in vitro (RBL-2H3 cells), and in vivo (PCA mice model) assays. RESULTS GMK showed a potent therapeutic effect on AR mice, and fifteen components were identified from the medicated plasma. Furthermore, hamaudol was firstly found to selectively inhibit the Syk and Lyn, and emodin was to selectively inhibit Lyn, which were further confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulation analyses. Suppression of the activation of FcεRI-MAPK signals might be the possible mechanism of the anti-allergic effect of hamaudol. CONCLUSIONS The targets of emodin and hamaudol were discovered by HEMT biochips for the first time. This study provided a novel and effective strategy to discover active components in a complex herbal formula by using AlGaN/GaN HEMT biochips.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Tang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Zhiqi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, PR China
| | - Jiadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215125, PR China
| | - Lu Jin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Compound Prescription, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource and Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei 430065, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
| | - Ren-Wang Jiang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research and International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amoresi RAC, Roza NAV, Mazon T. Applying CeO2 nanorods in flexible electrochemical immunosensor to detect C-reactive protein. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
|
5
|
Fauzi N, Mohd Asri RI, Mohamed Omar MF, Manaf AA, Kawarada H, Falina S, Syamsul M. Status and Prospects of Heterojunction-Based HEMT for Next-Generation Biosensors. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:325. [PMID: 36838025 PMCID: PMC9966278 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High electron mobility transistor (HEMT) biosensors hold great potential for realizing label-free, real-time, and direct detection. Owing to their unique properties of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), HEMT biosensors have the ability to amplify current changes pertinent to potential changes with the introduction of any biomolecules, making them highly surface charge sensitive. This review discusses the recent advances in the use of AlGaN/GaN and AlGaAs/GaAs HEMT as biosensors in the context of different gate architectures. We describe the fundamental mechanisms underlying their operational functions, giving insight into crucial experiments as well as the necessary analysis and validation of data. Surface functionalization and biorecognition integrated into the HEMT gate structures, including self-assembly strategies, are also presented in this review, with relevant and promising applications discussed for ultra-sensitive biosensors. Obstacles and opportunities for possible optimization are also surveyed. Conclusively, future prospects for further development and applications are discussed. This review is instructive for researchers who are new to this field as well as being informative for those who work in related fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Najihah Fauzi
- Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Rahil Izzati Mohd Asri
- Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Faiz Mohamed Omar
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Asrulnizam Abd Manaf
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Hiroshi Kawarada
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- The Kagami Memorial Laboratory for Materials Science and Technology, Waseda University, Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0051, Japan
| | - Shaili Falina
- Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Center (CEDEC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Mohd Syamsul
- Institute of Nano Optoelectronics Research and Technology (INOR), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Sains@USM, Bayan Lepas 11900, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mishra S, Kachhawa P, Jain AK, Thakur RR, Chaturvedi N. High sensitivity label-free detection of HER2 using an Al-GaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor-based biosensor. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4129-4140. [PMID: 36129428 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00349j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work reports rapid, label-free and specific detection of the HER2 antigen using a gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). Thiol-based chemistry has been utilized to immobilize the corresponding HER2 antibody in the sensing area of the sensor. The formation of a gold-sulfur complex has been confirmed through Raman spectroscopy, giving a peak at around a wavelength of 260 cm-1. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) also reveal the functionalization of thiol and free carboxylic groups. On-chip enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been utilized to confirm immobilization of antibody receptors on the sensing area surface, followed by current-voltage measurement. Morphology of the sensing area using AFM and electrical characterization of the sensor have been recorded before and after each functionalization process step. The sensor shows detection of the HER2 antigen in a broad range of 0.7 pg ml-1 to 10 μg ml-1i.e., (5 × 10-15 to 6 × 10-8 M). A long-time study and reusability aspect of the sensor have also been investigated that show good viability of the sensor. For the first time, a three-binding-site model based on the Langmuir isotherm has been developed for HER2 detection using GaN-HEMTs with three dissociation constants, i.e., 7 × 10-10, 8.8 × 10-11, and 7.2 × 10-9 M, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivanshu Mishra
- CSIR - Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pharyanshu Kachhawa
- CSIR - Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Amber Kumar Jain
- CSIR - Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Rajiv Ranjan Thakur
- CSIR - Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Chaturvedi
- CSIR - Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute, Pilani, Rajasthan, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Halima HB, Errachid A, Jaffrezic‐Renault N. Electrochemical Affinity Sensors Using Field Effect Transducer Devices for Chemical Analysis. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Ben Halima
- University of Lyon Institute of Analytical Sciences 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- University of Lyon Institute of Analytical Sciences 69100 Villeurbanne France
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim S, Yoo H. Self-Assembled Monolayers: Versatile Uses in Electronic Devices from Gate Dielectrics, Dopants, and Biosensing Linkers. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12050565. [PMID: 34067620 PMCID: PMC8155888 DOI: 10.3390/mi12050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), molecular structures consisting of assemblies formed in an ordered monolayer domain, are revisited to introduce their various functions in electronic devices. SAMs have been used as ultrathin gate dielectric layers in low-voltage transistors owing to their molecularly thin nature. In addition to the contribution of SAMs as gate dielectric layers, SAMs contribute to the transistor as a semiconducting active layer. Beyond the transistor components, SAMs have recently been applied in other electronic applications, including as remote doping materials and molecular linkers to anchor target biomarkers. This review comprehensively covers SAM-based electronic devices, focusing on the various applications that utilize the physical and chemical properties of SAMs.
Collapse
|
9
|
Noh S, Kim J, Kim G, Park C, Jang H, Lee M, Lee T. Recent Advances in CRP Biosensor Based on Electrical, Electrochemical and Optical Methods. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093024. [PMID: 33925825 PMCID: PMC8123455 DOI: 10.3390/s21093024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute-phase reactive protein that appears in the bloodstream in response to inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 produced by adipocytes and macrophages during the acute phase of the inflammatory/infectious process. CRP measurement is widely used as a representative acute and chronic inflammatory disease marker. With the development of diagnostic techniques measuring CRP more precisely than before, CRP is being used not only as a traditional biomarker but also as a biomarker for various diseases. The existing commercialized CRP assays are dominated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ELISA has high selectivity and sensitivity, but its limitations include requiring complex analytic processes, long analysis times, and professional manpower. To overcome these problems, nanobiotechnology is able to provide alternative diagnostic tools. By introducing the nanobio hybrid material to the CRP biosensors, CRP can be measured more quickly and accurately, and highly sensitive biosensors can be used as portable devices. In this review, we discuss the recent advancements in electrochemical, electricity, and spectroscopy-based CRP biosensors composed of biomaterial and nanomaterial hybrids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungwoo Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (S.N.); (J.K.); (G.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Jinmyeong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (S.N.); (J.K.); (G.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Gahyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (S.N.); (J.K.); (G.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Chulhwan Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (S.N.); (J.K.); (G.K.); (C.P.)
| | - Hongje Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Korea;
| | - Minho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (T.L.); Tel.: +82-2-820-8320 (M.L.); +82-2-940-5771 (T.L.)
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Korea; (S.N.); (J.K.); (G.K.); (C.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (T.L.); Tel.: +82-2-820-8320 (M.L.); +82-2-940-5771 (T.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Recent advances of electrochemical and optical biosensors for detection of C-reactive protein as a major inflammatory biomarker. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
12
|
Woo K, Kang W, Lee K, Lee P, Kim Y, Yoon TS, Cho CY, Park KH, Ha MW, Lee HH. Enhancement of cortisol measurement sensitivity by laser illumination for AlGaN/GaN transistor biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 159:112186. [PMID: 32364939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) device was used as an immuno biosensor to measure concentration of a stress hormone, cortisol, by using selective binding on cortisol monoclonal antibody (c-Mab). Also, the HEMT sensor was enhanced in its sensitivity through light illumination to generate photocurrent. The optical pumping could assist the biosensor to discriminate more detailed change, which could result in an increment of limit of detection (LOD) to 1.0 pM cortisol level. It was the lowest level of detection with semiconductor device-based cortisol biosensors and the enhancement of surface potential sensitivity was induced by laser light (532 nm). Output current amplificated by photocurrent was higher than dark original current at about 3.39% when gate voltage is applied with -3 V. Since the device could be applied to not only standard cortisol solution but also real human salivary sample, it is expected to apply for in vitro direct diagnosis of point-of-care test (POCT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungmin Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonkyu Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjae Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Sik Yoon
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Chu-Young Cho
- Korea Advanced Nano Fab Center (KANC), Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Park
- Korea Advanced Nano Fab Center (KANC), Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Woo Ha
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin, 17058, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tai TY, Sinha A, Sarangadharan I, Pulikkathodi AK, Wang SL, Lee GY, Chyi JI, Shiesh SC, Lee GB, Wang YL. Design and Demonstration of Tunable Amplified Sensitivity of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT)-Based Biosensors in Human Serum. Anal Chem 2019; 91:5953-5960. [PMID: 30994326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a swift and simplistic protein immunoassay using aptamer functionalized AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The unique design of the sensor facilitates protein detection in a physiological salt environment overcoming charge screening effects, without requiring sample preprocessing. This study reports a tunable and amplified sensitivity of solution-gated electric double layer (EDL) HEMT-based biosensors, which demonstrates significantly enhanced sensitivity by designing a smaller gap between the gate electrode and the detection, and by operating at higher gate voltage. Sensitivity is calculated by quantifying NT-proBNP, a clinical biomarker of heart failure, in buffer and untreated human serum samples. The biosensor depicts elevated sensitivity and high selectivity. Furthermore, detailed investigation of the amplified sensitivity in an increased ionic strength environment is conducted, and it is revealed that a high sensitivity of 80.54 mV/decade protein concentration can be achieved, which is much higher than that of previously reported FET biosensors. This sensor technology demonstrates immense potential in developing surface affinity sensors for clinical diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Geng-Yen Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering , National Central University , Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 320 , Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jen-Inn Chyi
- Department of Electrical Engineering , National Central University , Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 320 , Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shu-Chu Shiesh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology , National Cheng Kung University , Tainan City 701 , Taiwan, R.O.C
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Iskierko Z, Noworyta K, Sharma PS. Molecular recognition by synthetic receptors: Application in field-effect transistor based chemosensing. Biosens Bioelectron 2018. [PMID: 29525669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Molecular recognition, i.e., ability of one molecule to recognize another through weak bonding interactions, is one of the bases of life. It is often implemented to sensing systems of high merits. Preferential recognition of the analyte (guest) by the receptor (host) induces changes in physicochemical properties of the sensing system. These changes are measured by using suitable signal transducers. Because of possibility of miniaturization, fast response, and high sensitivity, field-effect transistors (FETs) are more frequently being used for that purpose. A FET combined with a biological material offers the potential to overcome many challenges approached in sensing. However, low stability of biological materials under measurement conditions is a serious problem. To circumvent this problem, synthetic receptors were integrated with the gate surface of FETs to provide robust performance. In the present critical review, the approach utilized to devise chemosensors integrating synthetic receptors and FET transduction is discussed in detail. The progress in this field was summarized and important outcome was provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Iskierko
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Noworyta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ahmad R, Mahmoudi T, Ahn MS, Hahn YB. Recent advances in nanowires-based field-effect transistors for biological sensor applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 100:312-325. [PMID: 28942344 PMCID: PMC7126762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanowires (NWs)-based field-effect transistors (FETs) have attracted considerable interest to develop innovative biosensors using NWs of different materials (i.e. semiconductors, polymers, etc.). NWs-based FETs provide significant advantages over the other bulk or non-NWs nanomaterials-based FETs. As the building blocks for FET-based biosensors, one-dimensional NWs offer excellent surface-to-volume ratio and are more suitable and sensitive for sensing applications. During the past decade, FET-based biosensors are smartly designed and used due to their great specificity, sensitivity, and high selectivity. Additionally, they have the advantage of low weight, low cost of mass production, small size and compatible with commercial planar processes for large-scale circuitry. In this respect, we summarize the recent advances of NWs-based FET biosensors for different biomolecule detection i.e. glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, hormone, proteins, nucleotide, biomarkers, etc. A comparative sensing performance, present challenges, and future prospects of NWs-based FET biosensors are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq Ahmad
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tahmineh Mahmoudi
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sang Ahn
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Bong Hahn
- School of Semiconductor and Chemical Engineering, Nanomaterials Processing Research Center, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekjedaero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sensors and Biosensors for C-Reactive Protein, Temperature and pH, and Their Applications for Monitoring Wound Healing: A Review. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17122952. [PMID: 29257113 PMCID: PMC5750823 DOI: 10.3390/s17122952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wound assessment is usually performed in hospitals or specialized labs. However, since patients spend most of their time at home, a remote real time wound monitoring would help providing a better care and improving the healing rate. This review describes the advances in sensors and biosensors for monitoring the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP), temperature and pH in wounds. These three parameters can be used as qualitative biomarkers to assess the wound status and the effectiveness of therapy. CRP biosensors can be classified in: (a) field effect transistors, (b) optical immunosensors based on surface plasmon resonance, total internal reflection, fluorescence and chemiluminescence, (c) electrochemical sensors based on potentiometry, amperometry, and electrochemical impedance, and (d) piezoresistive sensors, such as quartz crystal microbalances and microcantilevers. The last section reports the most recent developments for wearable non-invasive temperature and pH sensors suitable for wound monitoring.
Collapse
|