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Gandhi JK, Heinrich L, Knoff DS, Kim M, Marmorstein AD. Alteration of fibrin hydrogel gelation and degradation kinetics through addition of azo dyes. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2357-2368. [PMID: 33973708 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fibrin is a degradable biopolymer with an excellent clinical safety profile. Use of higher mechanical strength fibrin hydrogels is limited by the rapid rate of fibrin polymerization. We recently demonstrated the use of higher mechanical strength (fibrinogen concentrations >30 mg/ml) fibrin scaffolds for surgical implantation of cells. The rapid polymerization of fibrin at fibrinogen concentrations impaired our ability to scale production of these fibrin scaffolds. We serendipitously discovered that the azo dye Trypan blue (TB) slowed fibrin gelation kinetics allowing for more uniform mixing of fibrinogen and thrombin at high concentrations. A screen of closely related compounds identified similar activity for Evans blue (EB), an isomer of TB. Both TB and EB exhibited a concentration dependent increase in clot time, though EB had a larger effect. While gelation time was increased by TB or EB, overall polymerization time was unaffected. Scanning electron microscopy showed similar surface topography, but transmission electron microscopy showed a higher cross-linking density for gels formed with TB or EB versus controls. Based on these data we conclude that addition of TB or EB during thrombin mediated fibrin polymerization slows the initial gelation time permitting generation of larger more uniform fibrin hydrogels with high-mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarel K Gandhi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lauren Heinrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David S Knoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,Department of Materials Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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Perfusion Bioreactor Culture of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Enhances Cranial Defect Regeneration. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:993e-1002e. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Gandhi JK, Knudsen T, Hill M, Roy B, Bachman L, Pfannkoch‐Andrews C, Schmidt KN, Metko MM, Ackerman MJ, Resch Z, Pulido JS, Marmorstein AD. Human Fibrinogen for Maintenance and Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Two Dimensions and Three Dimensions. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:512-521. [PMID: 30768863 PMCID: PMC6525556 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human fibrin hydrogels are a popular choice for use as a biomaterial within tissue engineered constructs because they are biocompatible, nonxenogenic, autologous use compatible, and biodegradable. We have recently demonstrated the ability to culture induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)‐derived retinal pigment epithelium on fibrin hydrogels. However, iPSCs themselves have relatively few substrate options (e.g., laminin) for expansion in adherent cell culture for use in cell therapy. To address this, we investigated the potential of culturing iPSCs on fibrin hydrogels for three‐dimensional applications and further examined the use of fibrinogen, the soluble precursor protein, as a coating substrate for traditional adherent cell culture. iPSCs successfully adhered to and proliferated on fibrin hydrogels. The two‐dimensional culture with fibrinogen allows for immediate adaption of culture models to a nonxenogeneic model. Similarly, multiple commercially available iPSC lines adhered to and proliferated on fibrinogen coated surfaces. iPSCs cultured on fibrinogen expressed similar levels of the pluripotent stem cell markers SSea4 (98.7% ± 1.8%), Oct3/4 (97.3% ± 3.8%), TRA1‐60 (92.2% ± 5.3%), and NANOG (96.0% ± 3.9%) compared with iPSCs on Geltrex. Using a trilineage differentiation assay, we found no difference in the ability of iPSCs grown on fibrinogen or Geltrex to differentiate to endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm. Finally, we demonstrated the ability to differentiate iPSCs to endothelial cells using only fibrinogen coated plates. On the basis of these data, we conclude that human fibrinogen provides a readily available and inexpensive alternative to laminin‐based products for the growth, expansion, and differentiation of iPSCs for use in research and clinical cell therapy applications. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:512–521
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Travis Knudsen
- Department of OphthalmologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Matthew Hill
- Department of OphthalmologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Center for Regenerative MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Lori Bachman
- Department of OphthalmologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | | | | | | | - Michael J. Ackerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental TherapeuticsMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Zachary Resch
- Center for Regenerative MedicineMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
| | - Jose S. Pulido
- Department of OphthalmologyMayo ClinicRochesterMinnesotaUSA
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Mužinić V, Ramić S, Želježić D. Chromosome Missegregation and Aneuploidy Induction in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes In vitro by Low Concentrations of Chlorpyrifos, Imidacloprid and α-Cypermethrin. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:72-84. [PMID: 30264469 DOI: 10.1002/em.22235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, and α-cypermethrin are some of the most widely used insecticides in contemporary agriculture. However, their low-dose, nontarget genotoxic effects have not been extensively assayed. As one of the most relevant cancer biomarkers, we aimed to assess the aneuploidy due to chromosome missegregation during mitosis. To aim it we treated human lymphocytes in vitro with three concentrations of insecticides equivalents relevant for real scenario exposure assessed by regulatory agencies. We focused on chlorpyrifos as conventional and imidacloprid and α-cypermethrin as sustainable use insecticides. Cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus assay was performed coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with directly labeled pancentromeric probes for chromosomes 9, 18, X and Y. None of the insecticides induced significant secondary DNA damage in terms of micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB), or nucleoplasmic bridges (NPB). However, significant disbalances in chromosomes 9, 18, X and Y, and in insecticide-treated cells has been observed. According to recent studies, these disbalances in chromosome numbers may be atributted to defect sister chromatid cohesion which contribute to the increase of chromosome missegregation but not to micronuclei incidence. We conclude that tested insecticidal active substances exert chromosome missegregation effects at low concentrations, possibly by mechanism of sister chromatid cohesion. These findings may contribute to future risk assesments and understanding of insecticide mode of action on human genome. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:72-84, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedran Mužinić
- Unit of Mutagenesis, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Snježana Ramić
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Želježić
- Unit of Mutagenesis, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Yi T, Huang S, Liu G, Li T, Kang Y, Luo Y, Wu J. Bioreactor Synergy with 3D Scaffolds: New Era for Stem Cells Culture. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:193-209. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Yi
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaoxiong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiancheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yang Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuxi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instrument of Guangdong Province, School of Biomedical Engineering, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Composites and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, , Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Moldovan L, Barnard A, Gil CH, Lin Y, Grant MB, Yoder MC, Prasain N, Moldovan NI. iPSC-Derived Vascular Cell Spheroids as Building Blocks for Scaffold-Free Biofabrication. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 29030959 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently a protocol is established to obtain large quantities of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)-derived endothelial progenitors, called endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC), and of candidate smooth-muscle forming cells (SMFC). Here, the suitability for assembling in spheroids, and in larger 3D cell constructs is tested. iPSC-derived ECFC and SMFC are labeled with tdTomato and eGFP, respectively. Spheroids are formed in ultra-low adhesive wells, and their dynamic proprieties are studied by time-lapse microscopy, or by confocal microscopy. Spheroids are also tested for fusion ability either in the wells, or assembled on the Regenova 3D bioprinter which laces them in stainless steel micro-needles (the "Kenzan" method). It is found that both ECFC and SMFC formed spheroids in about 24 h. Fluorescence monitoring indicated a continuous compaction of ECFC spheroids, but stabilization in those prepared from SMFC. In mixed spheroids, the cell distribution changed continuously, with ECFC relocating to the core, and showing pre-vascular organization. All spheroids have the ability of in-well fusion, but only those containing SMFC are robust enough to sustain assembling in tubular structures. In these constructs a layered distribution of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive cells and extracellular matrix deposition is found. In conclusion, iPSC-derived vascular cell spheroids represent a promising new cellular material for scaffold-free biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leni Moldovan
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - April Barnard
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chang-Hyun Gil
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maria B Grant
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mervin C Yoder
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nutan Prasain
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nicanor I Moldovan
- 3D Bioprinting Core Facility at IUSM/IUPUI, Department of Biomedical Engineering, IUPUI School of Engineering and Technology, 980 Walnut St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Zeljezic D, Vinkovic B, Kasuba V, Kopjar N, Milic M, Mladinic M. The effect of insecticides chlorpyrifos, α-cypermethrin and imidacloprid on primary DNA damage, TP 53 and c-Myc structural integrity by comet-FISH assay. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:332-338. [PMID: 28505574 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In parallel with the continuous use of conventional insecticides, introduction of more environmentally friendly substances continues to grow in modern agriculture. In the present study, we evaluated chlorpyrifos, and imidacloprid and α-cypermethrin as two representatives of green insecticides for their genotoxic activity. We conducted a 14-day treatment in extended human lymphocytes cultures using real life exposure relevant concentrations. An alkaline comet assay was used to detect primary DNA damage. Simultaneously, the effect on the specific action towards the TP 53 and c-Myc genes in terms of fragmentation and copy number were determined. Both genes are responsible for cell cycle regulation; thus playing an active role in carcinogenesis. Contrary to what was expected, imidacloprid showed the highest genotoxicity potential, irrespective of the fact that none of the insecticides induced a significant level of primary DNA damage at all tested concentrations. Similar, no significant effect towards the TP 53 and c-Myc gene was recorded. The present study indicates that low level use of chlorpyrifos as a conventional insecticide and imidacloprid and α-cypermethrin as green insecticides does not pose a risk to DNA in general, nor to the TP 53 and c-Myc gene structural integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davor Zeljezic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Benjamin Vinkovic
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovacica 1, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vilena Kasuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Mladinic
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska 2, Zagreb, Croatia
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