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Kronfeld K, Ellinger T, Köhler JM. Micro flow photochemical synthesis of Ca-sensitive fluorescent sensor particles. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:518-526. [PMID: 34584516 PMCID: PMC8456324 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence probes have widely been used for detecting and imaging Ca2+-enriched parts of cells but more rarely for quantitative determination of concentrations. In this study we show how this can be achieved by a novel approach using hydrogel particles. In a microfluidic co-flow arrangement spherical droplets were generated from an aqueous solution of acrylamide, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide crosslinker and photoinitiator and subsequently photo-cured in situ yielding gel particles in a sub millimeter range. These particles were separated, dried under reduced pressure and re-swollen in water containing Rhod-5N tri potassium salt as calcium ion selective fluorescence probe. After that the particles were dried again and stored for further investigations. Upon exposure of dried particles to calcium chloride solutions they swell and take up Ca2+-ions forming a strong fluorescing complex with Rhod-5N. Thus, fluorescence intensity increases with calcium ion concentration. Up to ca. 0.50 mM the enhancement effect is strong and then becomes considerably weaker. The intensity-concentration-dependence is well described by an equation derived from the equilibrium of the formation of a 1:1 Ca2+:Rhod-5N complex. The particles allow for a fast optical determination of Ca2+-concentrations up to 0.50 mM in analyte volumes down to below 10 μL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus‐Peter Kronfeld
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Microreaction TechnologyTechnical University IlmenauIlmenauGermany
| | | | - Johann Michael Köhler
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Microreaction TechnologyTechnical University IlmenauIlmenauGermany
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2
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Naz R, Okla MK, Fatima U, Mohsin M, Soufan WH, Alaraidh IA, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Ahmad A. Designing and Development of FRET-Based Nanosensor for Real Time Analysis of N-Acetyl-5-Neuraminic Acid in Living Cells. Front Nutr 2021; 8:621273. [PMID: 34136513 PMCID: PMC8200523 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.621273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-acetyl-5-neuraminic acid (NeuAc) plays crucial role in improving the growth, brain development, brain health maintenance, and immunity enhancement of infants. Commercially, it is used in the production of antiviral drugs, infant milk formulas, cosmetics, dietary supplements, and pharmaceutical products. Because of the rapidly increasing demand, metabolic engineering approach has attracted increasing attention for NeuAc biosynthesis. However, knowledge of metabolite flux in biosynthetic pathways is one of the major challenges in the practice of metabolic engineering. So, an understanding of the flux of NeuAc is needed to determine its cellular level at real time. The analysis of the flux can only be performed using a tool that has the capacity to measure metabolite level in cells without affecting other metabolic processes. A Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based genetically-encoded nanosensor has been generated in this study to monitor the level of NeuAc in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Sialic acid periplasmic binding protein (SiaP) from Haemophilus influenzae was exploited as a sensory element for the generation of nanosensor. The enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) and Venus were used as Fluroscence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) pair. The nanosensor, which was termed fluorescent indicator protein for sialic acid (FLIP-SA), was successfully transformed into, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells. The expressed protein of the nanosensor was isolated and purified. The purified nanosensor protein was characterized to assess the affinity, specificity, and stability in the pH range. The developed nanosensor exhibited FRET change after addition to NeuAc. The developed nanosensor was highly specific, exhibited pH stability, and detected NeuAc levels in the nanomolar to milimolar range. FLIP-SA was successfully introduced in bacterial and yeast cells and reported the real-time intracellular levels of NeuAc non-invasively. The FLIP-SA is an excellent tool for the metabolic flux analysis of the NeuAc biosynthetic pathway and, thus, may help unravel the regulatory mechanism of the metabolic pathway of NeuAc. Furthermore, FLIP-SA can be used for the high-throughput screening of E. coli mutant libraries for varied NeuAc production levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruphi Naz
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohammad K Okla
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Urooj Fatima
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Mohd Mohsin
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Walid H Soufan
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alaraidh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Altaf Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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Li ES, Saha MS. Optimizing Calcium Detection Methods in Animal Systems: A Sandbox for Synthetic Biology. Biomolecules 2021; 11:343. [PMID: 33668387 PMCID: PMC7996158 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 1970s, the emergence and expansion of novel methods for calcium ion (Ca2+) detection have found diverse applications in vitro and in vivo across a series of model animal systems. Matched with advances in fluorescence imaging techniques, the improvements in the functional range and stability of various calcium indicators have significantly enhanced more accurate study of intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and its effects on cell signaling, growth, differentiation, and regulation. Nonetheless, the current limitations broadly presented by organic calcium dyes, genetically encoded calcium indicators, and calcium-responsive nanoparticles suggest a potential path toward more rapid optimization by taking advantage of a synthetic biology approach. This engineering-oriented discipline applies principles of modularity and standardization to redesign and interrogate endogenous biological systems. This review will elucidate how novel synthetic biology technologies constructed for eukaryotic systems can offer a promising toolkit for interfacing with calcium signaling and overcoming barriers in order to accelerate the process of Ca2+ detection optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret S. Saha
- Department of Biology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA;
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Qu D, Jiao M, Lin H, Tian C, Qu G, Xue J, Xue L, Ju C, Zhang C. Anisamide-functionalized pH-responsive amphiphilic chitosan-based paclitaxel micelles for sigma-1 receptor targeted prostate cancer treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 229:115498. [PMID: 31826492 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Controlled release and tumor-selective distribution are highly desirable for anticancer nanomedicines. Here, we design and synthesize an anisamide-conjugated N-octyl-N,O-maleoyl-O-phosphoryl chitosan (a-OMPC) which can form amphiphilic micelles featuring pH-responsive release and high affinity to sigma-1 receptor-overexpressed tumors for paclitaxel (PTX) delivery. Thereinto, maleoyl and phosphoryl groups cooperatively contribute to pH-responsive drug release due to a conversion from hydrophile to hydrophobe in the acidic microenvironment of endo/lysosomes. We demonstrated that PTX-loaded a-OMPC micelles (PTX-aM) enhanced the cellular internalization via the affinity between anisamide and sigma-1 receptor, rapidly released drug in endo/lysosomes and elevated the cytotoxicity against PC-3 cells. The in vivo studies further verified that PTX-aM could largely accumulate at the tumor site even after 24 h of administration, resulting in obvious inhibition effect and prolonged survival period in PC-3 tumor xenograft-bearing mice. Moreover, OMPC showed no obvious hemolytic and acute toxicity. Collectively, this chitosan derivate holds a promising potential in application of prostate cancer-targeted drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China; Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Mengying Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Haijiao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Chunli Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Guowei Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Lingjing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Caoyun Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Can Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Advanced Pharmaceuticals and Biomaterials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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Sardoiwala MN, Srivastava AK, Karmakar S, Roy Choudhury S. Nanostructure Endows Neurotherapeutic Potential in Optogenetics: Current Development and Future Prospects. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3375-3385. [PMID: 31244053 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Optogenetics have evolved as a promising tool to control the processes at a cellular level via photons. Specially, it confers a specific control over cellular function through real-time cytomodulation even in freely moving animals. Neuronal stimulation is prerequisite for deep tissue light penetration or insertion of optrode for light illumination to the neurons that have been proven to be compromised due to poor light penetration and invasiveness of the procedure, respectively. In this review, the application of nanotechnology is being elaborated by the use of metal nanoparticles (AuNPs), upconversion nanocrystals (UCNPs), and quantum dots (CdSe) for targeting particular organs or tissues, and their potential to emit a specific light on excitation to overcome the limitations associated with earlier methods has been elucidated. The optothermal and magnetothermal properties, photoluminescence, and higher photostability of nanomaterials are explored in context of therapeutic applicability of optogenetics. The nanostructure characteristics and specific ion channel targeting have shown promising therapeutic potential against neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's), epilepsy, and blindness. This review compiles mechanical and optical characteristics of nanomaterials that endow superior optogenetic therapeutic potentials to cure immedicable infirmities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anup K. Srivastava
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Surajit Karmakar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Subhasree Roy Choudhury
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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Shamsipur M, Barati A, Nematifar Z. Fluorescent pH nanosensors: Design strategies and applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ponsot F, Shen W, Ashokkumar P, Audinat E, Klymchenko AS, Collot M. PEGylated Red-Emitting Calcium Probe with Improved Sensing Properties for Neuroscience. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1706-1712. [PMID: 29019233 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring calcium concentration in the cytosol is of main importance as this ion drives many biological cascades within the cell. To this end, molecular calcium probes are widely used. Most of them, especially the red emitting probes, suffer from nonspecific interactions with inner membranes due to the hydrophobic nature of their fluorophore. To circumvent this issue, calcium probes conjugated to dextran can be used to enhance the hydrophilicity and reduce the nonspecific interaction and compartmentalization. However, dextran conjugates also feature important drawbacks including lower affinity, lower dynamic range, and slow diffusion. Herein, we combined the advantage of molecular probes and dextran conjugate without their drawbacks by designing a new red emitting turn-on calcium probe based on PET quenching, Rhod-PEG, in which the rhodamine fluorophore bears four PEG4 units. This modification led to a high affinity calcium probe (Kd = 748 nM) with reduced nonspecific interactions, enhanced photostability, two-photon absorbance, and brightness compared to the commercially available Rhod-2. After spectral characterizations, we showed that Rhod-PEG quickly and efficiently diffused through the dendrites of pyramidal neurons with an enhanced sensitivity (ΔF/F0) at shorter time after patching compared to Rhod-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavien Ponsot
- Laboratoire
de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Weida Shen
- INSERM, U1128, Paris, France
- Laboratory
of Neurophysiology and New Microscopies, Paris Descartes University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Pichandi Ashokkumar
- Laboratoire
de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Etienne Audinat
- INSERM, U1128, Paris, France
- Laboratory
of Neurophysiology and New Microscopies, Paris Descartes University, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Andrey S. Klymchenko
- Laboratoire
de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Laboratoire
de Biophotonique et Pharmacologie, UMR 7213 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74, Route du Rhin, 67401, Illkirch, France
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Xie X, Szilagyi I, Zhai J, Wang L, Bakker E. Ion-Selective Optical Nanosensors Based on Solvatochromic Dyes of Different Lipophilicity: From Bulk Partitioning to Interfacial Accumulation. ACS Sens 2016; 1:516-520. [PMID: 29231712 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.6b00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The sensing mechanism of fluorescent ion-selective nanosensors incorporating solvatochromic dyes (SDs), with K+ as model ion, is shown to change as a function of dye lipophilicity. Water-soluble SDs obey bulk partitioning principles where the sensor response directly depends on the lipophilicity of the SD and exhibits an influence on the phase volume ratio of nanosensors to aqueous solution (dilution effect). A lipophilization of the SDs is shown to overcome these limitations. An interfacial accumulation mechanism is proposed and confirmed with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) with a ratiometric near-infrared fluorescence FRET pair. This work lays the foundation for operationally more robust ion-selective nanosensors incorporating SDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Istvan Szilagyi
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jingying Zhai
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and
Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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