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Cheng J, Yang L, Wang R, Wisner JA, Ding Z, Wang HB. Intensified electrochemiluminescence and photoluminescence via supramolecular anion recognition interactions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:12291-12300. [PMID: 39118623 PMCID: PMC11304522 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc03338h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, intensified electrochemiluminescence (ECL) and photoluminescence (PL) via supramolecular anion recognition interactions are demonstrated. A bisindolylpyrrole derivative with a structure containing two indole groups and 2-hexyl-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,3(2H,5H)-dione, BIPPD, was designed and synthesized de novo to induce the enhanced ECL and PL emission based on hydrogen bonding interactions with the dihydrogen phosphate anion. Remarkably, the ECL quantum efficiency and PL quantum yield were discovered to increase up to 5.5-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively, via this anion coordination. Dopant PF6 - was found not to form hydrogen bonds, while HSO4 - doping does slightly with the receptor molecule. There was no enhancement in either ECL or PL in both scenarios, revealing great recognition selectivity of the synthesized BIPPD. Mechanistic studies via 1H NMR, ECL, and PL spectra illustrated that the ECL processes varied in the presence and absence of H2PO4 - doping, thus leading to the understanding of enhanced efficiency. The bisindolylpyrrole derivative will find applications in supramolecular and analytical chemistry via controlled hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
- XJTLU Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 111 Ren'an Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Crown Street Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials, The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Ruiyao Wang
- XJTLU Wisdom Lake Academy of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University 111 Ren'an Road Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 China
| | - James A Wisner
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials, The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Zhifeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Materials and Biomaterials, The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street London Ontario N6A 5B7 Canada
| | - Hong-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Optoelectronic Materials and Technology, Jianghan University Wuhan Hubei 430056 China
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Al-Ithawi WKA, Aluru R, Baklykov AV, Khasanov AF, Kovalev IS, Nikonov IL, Kopchuk DS, Novikov AS, Santra S, Zyryanov GV, Ranu BC. Mechanosynthesis of Polyureas and Studies of Their Responses to Anions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4160. [PMID: 37896404 PMCID: PMC10611254 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyureas (PUs) have already found wide practical applications, and various methods of their synthesis have been reported. In this manuscript, we wished to report the very first mechanochemical approach towards aromatic PUs via reactions between isomeric 2,2'-, 3,3'-, and 4,4'-diaminobiphenyls and triphosgene under solvent-free conditions following ball-milling. By using this synthetic approach, both PUs and azomethine-capped Pus were obtained. The fluorescence response of the above-mentioned PUs towards various anions in solutions were studied and selective fluorescence responses towards the hydroxyl and fluoride anions were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahab K. A. Al-Ithawi
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
- Energy and Renewable Energies Technology Center, University of Technology-Iraq, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
| | - Rammohan Aluru
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Artem V. Baklykov
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia;
| | - Albert F. Khasanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Igor S. Kovalev
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Igor L. Nikonov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia;
| | - Dmitry S. Kopchuk
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia;
| | - Alexander S. Novikov
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia;
- Research Institute of Chemistry, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 6, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Sougata Santra
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis of RAS (Ural Division), 22/20 S. Kovalevskoy/Akademicheskaya St., Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia;
| | - Brindaban C. Ranu
- Chemical Engineering Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia; (W.K.A.A.-I.); (R.A.); (A.F.K.); (I.S.K.); (I.L.N.); (D.S.K.); (S.S.); (B.C.R.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700 032, India
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Kumar R, Dey R, Kalita T, Pariyal S, Sankar Goswami B, Haldar J, Shunmugam R. Engineering a unique Multi-tasking polymer that specifically prevents rhodamine B and fluoride ion toxicity with Anti-bacterial responses against MRSA. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Xia Y, Li M, Xu A, Zhang Z, Sun A, Ding S, Liu Y. Sensing mechanism of fluorogenic urea with fluoride in solvent media: A new fluorescence quenching mechanism. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 246:118992. [PMID: 33038861 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of 1-Phenyl-3-(pyren-1-yl) urea (LH) and fluoride anion (F-) with a unique ON1-OFF-ON2 fluorescent response has been investigated by the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. The hydrogen-bonding dynamics and photophysical properties of the complex LH-F, as well as its isolated receptor LH and anion form L-H1, have been studied in detail. We demonstrate that the intermolecular hydrogen bond (N-H…F) of the complex LH-F is greatly enhanced in the electronically excited state. The nonradiative deactivation via electron transfer and internal conversion rather than excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) can be facilitated by the excited state hydrogen bond strengthening. The results have been cross-validated by molecular structure, electronic spectra, frontier molecular orbitals, and infrared spectra as well as hydrogen bond binding energy. These results indicate that the current calculations completely reproduce the experimental results and provide compelling evidence for the sensing mechanism of LH for F-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Xia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomass Fiber Functional Materials, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Mengyao Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomass Fiber Functional Materials, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Aixiang Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Aokui Sun
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomass Fiber Functional Materials, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Sha Ding
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomass Fiber Functional Materials, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China.
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomass Fiber Functional Materials, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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Gimeno MC, Herrera RP. Hydrogen Bonding and Internal or External Lewis or Brønsted Acid Assisted (Thio)urea Catalysts. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Concepción Gimeno
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Raquel P. Herrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica. Laboratorio de Organocatálisis Asimétrica; Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH) CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza; C/ Pedro Cerbuna 12 50009 Zaragoza Spain
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Basavalingappa V, Guterman T, Tang Y, Nir S, Lei J, Chakraborty P, Schnaider L, Reches M, Wei G, Gazit E. Expanding the Functional Scope of the Fmoc-Diphenylalanine Hydrogelator by Introducing a Rigidifying and Chemically Active Urea Backbone Modification. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1900218. [PMID: 31316891 PMCID: PMC6619482 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201900218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Peptidomimetic low-molecular-weight hydrogelators, a class of peptide-like molecules with various backbone amide modifications, typically give rise to hydrogels of diverse properties and increased stability compared to peptide hydrogelators. Here, a new peptidomimetic low-molecular-weight hydrogelator is designed based on the well-studied N-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl diphenylalanine (Fmoc-FF) peptide by replacing the amide bond with a frequently employed amide bond surrogate, the urea moiety, aiming to increase hydrogen bonding capabilities. This designed ureidopeptide, termed Fmoc-Phe-NHCONH-Phe-OH (Fmoc-FuF), forms hydrogels with improved mechanical properties, as compared to those formed by the unmodified Fmoc-FF. A combination of experimental and computational structural methods shows that hydrogen bonding and aromatic interactions facilitate Fmoc-FuF gel formation. The Fmoc-FuF hydrogel possesses properties favorable for biomedical applications, including shear thinning, self-healing, and in vitro cellular biocompatibility. Additionally, the Fmoc-FuF, but not Fmoc-FF, hydrogel presents a range of functionalities useful for other applications, including antifouling, slow release of urea encapsulated in the gel at a high concentration, selective mechanical response to fluoride anions, and reduction of metal ions into catalytic nanoparticles. This study demonstrates how a simple backbone modification can enhance the mechanical properties and functional scope of a peptide hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasantha Basavalingappa
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and BiotechnologyGeorge S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Tom Guterman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and BiotechnologyGeorge S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Yiming Tang
- Department of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Surface PhysicsKey Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE),and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures (Nanjing)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Sivan Nir
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem91905Israel
| | - Jiangtao Lei
- Department of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Surface PhysicsKey Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE),and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures (Nanjing)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Priyadarshi Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and BiotechnologyGeorge S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Lee Schnaider
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and BiotechnologyGeorge S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978Israel
| | - Meital Reches
- Institute of ChemistryThe Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem91905Israel
| | - Guanghong Wei
- Department of PhysicsState Key Laboratory of Surface PhysicsKey Laboratory for Computational Physical Sciences (MOE),and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures (Nanjing)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Ehud Gazit
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and BiotechnologyGeorge S. Wise Faculty of Life SciencesTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv69978Israel
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Aykent G, Zeytun C, Marion A, Özçubukçu S. Simple Tyrosine Derivatives Act as Low Molecular Weight Organogelators. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4893. [PMID: 30894585 PMCID: PMC6426947 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41142-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The gelation of L-Tyr(tBu)-OH in tetrahydrofuran (THF) was discovered serendipitously. It was noted that this tremendously low molecular weight (LMW) compound has the ability to gel a wide variety of organic solvents (e.g., N,N-Dimetylformamide (DMF), THF, butanol, toluene), even in very low concentrations (i.e., 0.1 wt/v% in DMF). Addition of bases such as NaOH and piperidine enhanced the gel property. By changing the side-chain protecting group to tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), a fluoride ion-responsive organogel was also acquired. This new organogelator responded fluoride ion concentration as low as 0.2 ppm. Characterization of microstructures and gel behaviours were studied by powder X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), rheological measurements and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Experimental observations and theoretical simulations consistently show a fibre-like structure of the gel, in which the organogelator molecules are held together via a dense network of hydrogen bonds, and via van der Waals interactions between hydrophobic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güzide Aykent
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Zeytun
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Antoine Marion
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 06800, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salih Özçubukçu
- Middle East Technical University, Department of Chemistry, 06800, Ankara, Turkey.
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Roy K, Ghosh S, Chetia M, Satpati P, Chatterjee S. Dicyclohexylurea derivatives of amino acids as dye absorbent organogels and anion sensors. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3026-3039. [PMID: 30816399 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Dicyclohexyl urea (DCU) derivatives of amino acids Fmoc-Phe-DCU (M1), Fmoc-Phg-DCU (M2) and Fmoc-Gaba-DCU (M3) have been shown to form phase selective, thermoreversible and mechanically robust gels in a large range of organic solvents. This is the first report of low molecular weight gelators (LMWG) from DCU derivatives of amino acids. The self-assembly mechanism of the organogels has been probed using concentration dependent 1H NMR, DMSO titration 1H NMR, fluorescence, FTIR, PXRD and FESEM techniques. Self-assembly leading to gelation process is mainly driven by hydrophobicity and π-π stacking interactions in between Fmoc groups. Interestingly, the gels can absorb several kinds of organic dyes efficiently and can be reused for dye absorption for multiple cycles. Additionally, M1-M3 act as sensors for anions like fluoride, acetate and hydroxide, for which they have specific fluorescence response. Gel formation by M1-M3 is completely arrested in the presence of fluoride. The possible binding mode of fluoride has been delineated using DFT studies. Calculations suggest, involvement of urea NH in a six membered intramolecular hydrogen bond, rendering it unavailable for fluoride binding. Backbone -NH of the amino acids of M1-M3 is responsible for fluoride binding. The reported small, economically viable, synthetically facile molecules not only enrich the repertoire of LMWG molecules, but can have multifaceted applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karabi Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India 781039.
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Li Z, Askim JR, Suslick KS. The Optoelectronic Nose: Colorimetric and Fluorometric Sensor Arrays. Chem Rev 2018; 119:231-292. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 476] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jon R. Askim
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kenneth S. Suslick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Urea Activation by an External Brønsted Acid: Breaking Self-Association and Tuning Catalytic Performance. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8080305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we hypothesize that Brønsted acids can activate urea-based catalysts by diminishing its self-assembly tendency. As a proof of concept, we used the asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation of indoles with nitroalkenes as a benchmark reaction. The resulting 3-substituted indole derivatives were obtained with better results due to cooperative effects of the chiral urea and a Brønsted acid additive. Such synergy has been rationalized in terms of disassembly of the supramolecular catalyst aggregates, affording a more acidic and rigid catalytic complex.
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Moreno-Valle B, Aguilar-Martínez M, Ochoa-Terán A, Martínez-Quiroz M, Miranda-Soto V, García-Elías J, Ochoa-Lara K, Labastida-Galván V, Ordoñez M. Synthesis and anion recognition studies of new ureylbenzamide-based receptors. Supramol Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2017.1350676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Moreno-Valle
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana, México
| | | | - Adrián Ochoa-Terán
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana, México
| | - Marisela Martínez-Quiroz
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana, México
| | - Valentín Miranda-Soto
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana, México
| | - José García-Elías
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
| | - Karen Ochoa-Lara
- Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, México
| | - Victoria Labastida-Galván
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-(IICBA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Mario Ordoñez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-(IICBA), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
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