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Krishnakumar S, van Beijnum BJF, Baten CTM, Veltink PH, Buurke JH. Estimation of Kinetics Using IMUs to Monitor and Aid in Clinical Decision-Making during ACL Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2163. [PMID: 38610374 PMCID: PMC11014074 DOI: 10.3390/s24072163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
After an ACL injury, rehabilitation consists of multiple phases, and progress between these phases is guided by subjective visual assessments of activities such as running, hopping, jump landing, etc. Estimation of objective kinetic measures like knee joint moments and GRF during assessment can help physiotherapists gain insights on knee loading and tailor rehabilitation protocols. Conventional methods deployed to estimate kinetics require complex, expensive systems and are limited to laboratory settings. Alternatively, multiple algorithms have been proposed in the literature to estimate kinetics from kinematics measured using only IMUs. However, the knowledge about their accuracy and generalizability for patient populations is still limited. Therefore, this article aims to identify the available algorithms for the estimation of kinetic parameters using kinematics measured only from IMUs and to evaluate their applicability in ACL rehabilitation through a comprehensive systematic review. The papers identified through the search were categorized based on the modelling techniques and kinetic parameters of interest, and subsequently compared based on the accuracies achieved and applicability for ACL patients during rehabilitation. IMUs have exhibited potential in estimating kinetic parameters with good accuracy, particularly for sagittal movements in healthy cohorts. However, several shortcomings were identified and future directions for improvement have been proposed, including extension of proposed algorithms to accommodate multiplanar movements and validation of the proposed techniques in diverse patient populations and in particular the ACL population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchana Krishnakumar
- Department of Biomedical Signals and System, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (B.-J.F.v.B.); (P.H.V.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Bert-Jan F. van Beijnum
- Department of Biomedical Signals and System, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (B.-J.F.v.B.); (P.H.V.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Chris T. M. Baten
- Roessingh Research and Development, Roessinghsbleekweg 33B, 7522 AH Enschede, The Netherlands;
| | - Peter H. Veltink
- Department of Biomedical Signals and System, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (B.-J.F.v.B.); (P.H.V.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Jaap H. Buurke
- Department of Biomedical Signals and System, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands; (B.-J.F.v.B.); (P.H.V.); (J.H.B.)
- Roessingh Research and Development, Roessinghsbleekweg 33B, 7522 AH Enschede, The Netherlands;
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Matsumura U, Tsurusaki T, Ogusu R, Yamamoto S, Lee Y, Sunagawa S, Reid WD, Koseki H. The interrelationship between lower limb movement, muscle activity, and joint moment during half squat and gait. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21762. [PMID: 38028012 PMCID: PMC10651501 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Joint moment is the resultant force of limb movements. However, estimation methods for joint moments using surface electromyography frequently use joint angles instead of limb angles. The limb angle in joint moment estimation using electromyography could clarify the effects of muscle activity on the limbs: acceleration, deceleration, or stabilization. No study has quantified the comprehensive relationship between limb movement, muscle activity, and joint moment. This study aimed to determine the influencing factors for ankle-joint moment and knee-joint moment in the sagittal plane among muscle activities and parameters related to limb movements during half squat and gait. This study included 29 healthy adults (16 female participants, 21.1 ± 2.09 years). Using inertial measurement units, thigh, shank, and foot inclination angles and angular accelerations were calculated as the parameters of limb movements. Muscle activations of the biceps femoris long head, rectus femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior were measured. Ankle joint moment and knee-joint moment were measured using a three-dimensional motion capture system and two force plates. Regression models showed high accuracy in measuring ankle-joint moment during a half squat and gait (R2f = 0.92, 0.97, respectively) and knee-joint moment during a half squat (R2f = 0.98), but not knee-joint moment during gait (R2f = 0.63). However, only a maximum of five parameters were selected from muscle activities and limb angular information. Tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius activity were the largest contributors to ankle-joint moment during a half squat and gait, respectively, while muscle activities were not directly reflected in the knee-joint moment during either movement. Consideration of the interrelationships among limb movement, muscle activity, and joint moment is required when adjusting joint movements according to the target and aim of the therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umi Matsumura
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Toshiya Tsurusaki
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Rena Ogusu
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shimpei Yamamoto
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yeonghee Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinya Sunagawa
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wajinkai Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - W Darlene Reid
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- KITE, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hironobu Koseki
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
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Guan Q, Yang Z, Lu H, Guo S. Analysis of Comfort during Transfer by a Dual-Arm Care Robot Based on Human Body Pressure and Surface Electromyographic Signals. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:903. [PMID: 37627788 PMCID: PMC10451470 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In-home elderly care faces a crucial challenge regarding mobility among essential assistive devices, for which dual-arm care robots present a viable solution. However, ensuring human comfort in human-robot interactions necessitate quantifiable standards. Currently, the field lacks accurate biomechanical model solutions and objective comfort evaluation. In response to this need, this study proposes a method for solving human-robot statics models based on real-time pressure and position information. Employing the Optitrack motion capture system and Tekscan pressure sensors, we collect real-time positional and pressure data. This information is then incorporated into our human-robot statics model, facilitating the instantaneous calculation of forces and moments within the human body's sagittal plane. Building on this, comprehensive research literature review and meticulous questionnaire surveys are conducted to establish a comprehensive comfort evaluation function. To validate this function, experiments are performed to enable real-time assessment of comfort levels experienced during the process of transferring the human body. Additionally, the Noraxon surface electromyography (sEMG) sensors are utilized to capture real-time sEMG signals from the erector spinae, adductor muscles and quadratus lumborum, thereby providing objective validation for the comfort evaluation function. The experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed methodology for evaluating comfort achieves an accuracy rate of 85.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifei Guan
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Shanghai 200433, China
- Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Shanghai 200433, China
- Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Electronic Information and Automation, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Shijie Guo
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Shanghai 200433, China
- Engineering Research Center of AI & Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200433, China
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Bochicchio G, Ferrari L, Bottari A, Lucertini F, Scarton A, Pogliaghi S. Temporal, Kinematic and Kinetic Variables Derived from a Wearable 3D Inertial Sensor to Estimate Muscle Power during the 5 Sit to Stand Test in Older Individuals: A Validation Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4802. [PMID: 37430715 DOI: 10.3390/s23104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The 5-Sit-to-stand test (5STS) is widely used to estimate lower limb muscle power (MP). An Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) could be used to obtain objective, accurate and automatic measures of lower limb MP. In 62 older adults (30 F, 66 ± 6 years) we compared (paired t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman analysis) IMU-based estimates of total trial time (totT), mean concentric time (McT), velocity (McV), force (McF), and MP against laboratory equipment (Lab). While significantly different, Lab vs. IMU measures of totT (8.97 ± 2.44 vs. 8.86 ± 2.45 s, p = 0.003), McV (0.35 ± 0.09 vs. 0.27 ± 0.10 m∙s-1, p < 0.001), McF (673.13 ± 146.43 vs. 653.41 ± 144.58 N, p < 0.001) and MP (233.00 ± 70.83 vs. 174.84 ± 71.16 W, p < 0.001) had a very large to extremely large correlation (r = 0.99, r = 0.93, and r = 0.97 r = 0.76 and r = 0.79, respectively, for totT, McT, McF, McV and MP). Bland-Altman analysis showed a small, significant bias and good precision for all the variables, but McT. A sensor-based 5STS evaluation appears to be a promising objective and digitalized measure of MP. This approach could offer a practical alternative to the gold standard methods used to measure MP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Bochicchio
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37131 Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37131 Verona, Italy
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alberto Bottari
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37131 Verona, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Alessandra Scarton
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37131 Verona, Italy
- Microgate Srl, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Silvia Pogliaghi
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37131 Verona, Italy
- Research Associate Canadian Center for Activity and Ageing, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
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Das R, Paul S, Mourya GK, Kumar N, Hussain M. Recent Trends and Practices Toward Assessment and Rehabilitation of Neurodegenerative Disorders: Insights From Human Gait. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:859298. [PMID: 35495059 PMCID: PMC9051393 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.859298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of human movement and biomechanics forms an integral part of various clinical assessments and provides valuable information toward diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders where the motor symptoms predominate. Conventional gait and postural balance analysis techniques like force platforms, motion cameras, etc., are complex, expensive equipment requiring specialist operators, thereby posing a significant challenge toward translation to the clinics. The current manuscript presents an overview and relevant literature summarizing the umbrella of factors associated with neurodegenerative disorder management: from the pathogenesis and motor symptoms of commonly occurring disorders to current alternate practices toward its quantification and mitigation. This article reviews recent advances in technologies and methodologies for managing important neurodegenerative gait and balance disorders, emphasizing assessment and rehabilitation/assistance. The review predominantly focuses on the application of inertial sensors toward various facets of gait analysis, including event detection, spatiotemporal gait parameter measurement, estimation of joint kinematics, and postural balance analysis. In addition, the use of other sensing principles such as foot-force interaction measurement, electromyography techniques, electrogoniometers, force-myography, ultrasonic, piezoelectric, and microphone sensors has also been explored. The review also examined the commercially available wearable gait analysis systems. Additionally, a summary of recent progress in therapeutic approaches, viz., wearables, virtual reality (VR), and phytochemical compounds, has also been presented, explicitly targeting the neuro-motor and functional impairments associated with these disorders. Efforts toward therapeutic and functional rehabilitation through VR, wearables, and different phytochemical compounds are presented using recent examples of research across the commonly occurring neurodegenerative conditions [viz., Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), multiple sclerosis, Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)]. Studies exploring the potential role of Phyto compounds in mitigating commonly associated neurodegenerative pathologies such as mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein accumulation, imbalance of free radicals, etc., are also discussed in breadth. Parameters such as joint angles, plantar pressure, and muscle force can be measured using portable and wearable sensors like accelerometers, gyroscopes, footswitches, force sensors, etc. Kinetic foot insoles and inertial measurement tools are widely explored for studying kinematic and kinetic parameters associated with gait. With advanced correlation algorithms and extensive RCTs, such measurement techniques can be an effective clinical and home-based monitoring and rehabilitation tool for neuro-impaired gait. As evident from the present literature, although the vast majority of works reported are not clinically and extensively validated to derive a firm conclusion about the effectiveness of such techniques, wearable sensors present a promising impact toward dealing with neurodegenerative motor disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratan Das
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Sudip Paul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Gajendra Kumar Mourya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Central Scientific Instruments Organisation, Chandigarh, India
| | - Masaraf Hussain
- Department of Neurology, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, Shillong, India
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6
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Lee CJ, Lee JK. Inertial Motion Capture-Based Wearable Systems for Estimation of Joint Kinetics: A Systematic Review. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072507. [PMID: 35408121 PMCID: PMC9002742 DOI: 10.3390/s22072507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In biomechanics, joint kinetics has an important role in evaluating the mechanical load of the joint and understanding its motor function. Although an optical motion capture (OMC) system has mainly been used to evaluate joint kinetics in combination with force plates, inertial motion capture (IMC) systems have recently been emerging in joint kinetic analysis due to their wearability and ubiquitous measurement capability. In this regard, numerous studies have been conducted to estimate joint kinetics using IMC-based wearable systems. However, these have not been comprehensively addressed yet. Thus, the aim of this review is to explore the methodology of the current studies on estimating joint kinetic variables by means of an IMC system. From a systematic search of the literature, 48 studies were selected. This paper summarizes the content of the selected literature in terms of the (i) study characteristics, (ii) methodologies, and (iii) study results. The estimation methods of the selected studies are categorized into two types: the inverse dynamics-based method and the machine learning-based method. While these two methods presented different characteristics in estimating the kinetic variables, it was demonstrated in the literature that both methods could be applied with good performance for the kinetic analysis of joints in different daily activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang June Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea;
| | - Jung Keun Lee
- School of ICT, Robotics & Mechanical Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-670-5112
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7
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Kitagawa K, Gorordo Fernandez I, Nagasaki T, Nakano S, Hida M, Okamatsu S, Wada C. Foot Position Measurement during Assistive Motion for Sit-to-Stand Using a Single Inertial Sensor and Shoe-Type Force Sensors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph181910481. [PMID: 34639781 PMCID: PMC8508461 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Assistive motion for sit-to-stand causes lower back pain (LBP) among caregivers. Considering previous studies that showed that foot position adjustment could reduce lumbar load during assistive motion for sit-to-stand, quantitative monitoring of and instructions on foot position could contribute toward reducing LBP among caregivers. The present study proposes and evaluates a new method for the quantitative measurement of foot position during assistive motion for sit-to-stand using a few wearable sensors that are not limited to the measurement area. The proposed method measures quantitative foot position (anteroposterior and mediolateral distance between both feet) through a machine learning technique using features obtained from only a single inertial sensor on the trunk and shoe-type force sensors. During the experiment, the accuracy of the proposed method was investigated by comparing the obtained values with those from an optical motion capture system. The results showed that the proposed method produced only minor errors (less than 6.5% of body height) when measuring foot position during assistive motion for sit-to-stand. Furthermore, Bland–Altman plots suggested no fixed errors between the proposed method and the optical motion capture system. These results suggest that the proposed method could be utilized for measuring foot position during assistive motion for sit-to-stand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodai Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2–4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan; (I.G.F.); (M.H.); (S.O.); (C.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ibai Gorordo Fernandez
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2–4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan; (I.G.F.); (M.H.); (S.O.); (C.W.)
| | - Takayuki Nagasaki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, 6-45-1 Kunimi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 981-8551, Japan;
| | - Sota Nakano
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kyushu University of Nursing and Social Welfare, 888 Tomio, Tamana 865-0062, Japan;
| | - Mitsumasa Hida
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2–4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan; (I.G.F.); (M.H.); (S.O.); (C.W.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Osaka Kawasaki Rehabilitation University, 158 Mizuma, Kaizuka 597-0104, Japan
| | - Shogo Okamatsu
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2–4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan; (I.G.F.); (M.H.); (S.O.); (C.W.)
- Department of Physical Therapy, Kitakyushu Rehabilitation College, 1575 Kamikatashima, Kanda-machi, Miyako-gun 800-0343, Japan
| | - Chikamune Wada
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 2–4 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan; (I.G.F.); (M.H.); (S.O.); (C.W.)
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Hwang S, Choi S, Lee YS, Kim J. A Novel Simplified System to Estimate Lower-Limb Joint Moments during Sit-to-Stand. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020521. [PMID: 33450931 PMCID: PMC7828398 DOI: 10.3390/s21020521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To provide effective diagnosis and rehabilitation, the evaluation of joint moments during sit-to-stand is essential. The conventional systems for the evaluation, which use motion capture cameras, are quite accurate. However, the systems are not widely used in clinics due to their high cost, inconvenience, and the fact they require lots of space. To solve these problems, some studies have attempted to use inertial sensors only, but they were still inconvenient and inaccurate with asymmetric weight-bearing. We propose a novel joint moment estimation system that can evaluate both symmetric and asymmetric sit-to-stands. To make a simplified system, the proposal is based on a kinematic model that estimates segment angles using a single inertial sensor attached to the shank and a force plate. The system was evaluated with 16 healthy people through symmetric and asymmetric weight-bearing sit-to-stand. The results showed that the proposed system (1) has good accuracy in estimating joint moments (root mean square error < 0.110 Nm/kg) with high correlation (correlation coefficient > 0.99) and (2) is clinically relevant due to its simplicity and applicability of asymmetric sit-to-stand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoon Hwang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
| | - Seoyoung Choi
- Department of Robotics Engineering, DGIST (Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology), Daegu 42988, Korea;
| | - Yang-Soo Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Korea;
| | - Jonghyun Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Vitali RV, Perkins NC. Determining anatomical frames via inertial motion capture: A survey of methods. J Biomech 2020; 106:109832. [PMID: 32517995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the exponential growth in using inertial measurement units (IMUs) for biomechanical studies, future growth in "inertial motion capture" is stymied by a fundamental challenge - how to estimate the orientation of underlying bony anatomy using skin-mounted IMUs. This challenge is of paramount importance given the need to deduce the orientation of the bony anatomy to estimate joint angles. This paper systematically surveys a large number (N = 112) of studies from 2000 to 2018 that employ four broad categories of methods to address this challenge across a range of body segments and joints. We categorize these methods as: (1) Assumed Alignment methods, (2) Functional Alignment methods, (3) Model Based methods, and (4) Augmented Data methods. Assumed Alignment methods, which are simple and commonly used, require the researcher to visually align the IMU sense axes with the underlying anatomical axes. Functional Alignment methods, also commonly used, relax the need for visual alignment but require the subject to complete prescribed movements. Model Based methods further relax the need for prescribed movements but instead assume a model for the joint. Finally, Augmented Data methods shed all of the above assumptions, but require data from additional sensors. Significantly different estimates of the underlying anatomical axes arise both across and within these categories, and to a degree that renders it difficult, if not impossible, to compare results across studies. Consequently, a significant future need remains for creating and adopting a standard for defining anatomical axes via inertial motion capture to fully realize this technology's potential for biomechanical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Vitali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Noel C Perkins
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Noamani A, Nazarahari M, Lewicke J, Vette AH, Rouhani H. Validity of using wearable inertial sensors for assessing the dynamics of standing balance. Med Eng Phys 2020; 77:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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11
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Hwang S, Choi S, Kim J. Toward clinically-relevant joint moment estimation during sit to stand: a feasibility study. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2019:538-541. [PMID: 31945956 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2019.8857070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Conventional motion analysis system to measure joint moment during sit to stand is impractical to be used in clinics. Inertial sensor-based motion analysis system has been proposed to improve usability. In this study, we propose a simple system that can predict joint moment, especially maximum joint moment, with a minimum number of an inertial sensor attached and force plate; shank and thigh angles were estimated with a kinematic model and an effective joint moment analysis period. Through a validation experiment with eight subjects, the estimated joint moments were comparable to be actual joint moment measured by the conventional system, also the previous study with the inertial system.
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12
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Matsumura U, Kai A, Numata M, Lee Y, Yamamoto S, Tsurusaki T. Possible predictive formulas for quantitative and time-based estimation of muscle strength during motion. J Phys Ther Sci 2020; 32:27-32. [PMID: 32082024 PMCID: PMC7008027 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.32.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To examine the validity of the predictive formulas based on the angle
information of the segment center of mass and moments of inertia, and to propose a joint
moment estimation method. [Participants and Methods] Twenty nine young healthy adults were
divided into two groups: the Creation group (20 adults) was needed to create the
prediction formulas, and the Verification group (9 adults) was needed to verify the
formulas. By monitoring the Creation group, the angular information from inertial motion
sensors and moments of inertia of each limb were used to estimate actual ankle joint
moment and knee joint moment. Thereafter, the actual joint moments was derived from the
Verification group and compared to the predicted values via Pearson correlations.
[Results] Good to excellent correlations were obtained between the actual joint moments of
the two groups for most of the motions. [Conclusion] It is suggested that the predictive
formulas created from the angle information of the segment center of mass and moments of
inertia can be used for an approximate estimation of the lower limb joint moments in the
sagittal plane and more clinically useful tools need to be considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umi Matsumura
- Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Ayana Kai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kuroki Memorial Hospital, Japan
| | - Miku Numata
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nagasaki North Hospital, Japan
| | - Yeonghee Lee
- Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Shimpei Yamamoto
- Health Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Toshiya Tsurusaki
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University: 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8520, Japan
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Hanawa H, Hirata K, Miyazawa T, Kubota K, Sonoo M, Kokubun T, Kanemura N. Loss of Mechanical Energy Efficiency in the Sit-to-stand Motion of Acute Stroke Patients. ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.14326/abe.8.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Hanawa
- Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Graduate Course of Health and Social Services
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Higashi Saitama General Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation
| | - Keisuke Hirata
- Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Graduate Course of Health and Social Services
| | | | - Keisuke Kubota
- Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Graduate Course of Health and Social Services
| | - Moeka Sonoo
- Graduate School of Saitama Prefectural University, Graduate Course of Health and Social Services
- CBS-Toyota Collaboration Center, RIKEN Brain Research Institute
| | - Takanori Kokubun
- Saitama Prefectural University, Department of Health and Social Services
| | - Naohiko Kanemura
- Saitama Prefectural University, Department of Health and Social Services
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Indirect Measurement of Ground Reaction Forces and Moments by Means of Wearable Inertial Sensors: A Systematic Review. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18082564. [PMID: 30081607 PMCID: PMC6111315 DOI: 10.3390/s18082564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, estimating ground reaction forces by means of wearable sensors has come to be a challenging research topic paving the way to kinetic analysis and sport performance testing outside of labs. One possible approach involves estimating the ground reaction forces from kinematic data obtained by inertial measurement units (IMUs) worn by the subject. As estimating kinetic quantities from kinematic data is not an easy task, several models and protocols have been developed over the years. Non-wearable sensors, such as optoelectronic systems along with force platforms, remain the most accurate systems to record motion. In this review, we identified, selected and categorized the methodologies for estimating the ground reaction forces from IMUs as proposed across the years. Scopus, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed databases were interrogated on the topic of Ground Reaction Forces estimation based on kinematic data obtained by IMUs. The identified papers were classified according to the methodology proposed: (i) methods based on direct modelling; (ii) methods based on machine learning. The methods based on direct modelling were further classified according to the task studied (walking, running, jumping, etc.). Finally, we comparatively examined the methods in order to identify the most reliable approaches for the implementation of a ground reaction force estimator based on IMU data.
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Sun T, Li H, Liu Q, Duan L, Li M, Wang C, Liu Q, Li W, Shang W, Wu Z, Wang Y. Inertial Sensor-Based Motion Analysis of Lower Limbs for Rehabilitation Treatments. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2017; 2017:1949170. [PMID: 29065575 PMCID: PMC5516720 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1949170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The hemiplegic rehabilitation state diagnosing performed by therapists can be biased due to their subjective experience, which may deteriorate the rehabilitation effect. In order to improve this situation, a quantitative evaluation is proposed. Though many motion analysis systems are available, they are too complicated for practical application by therapists. In this paper, a method for detecting the motion of human lower limbs including all degrees of freedom (DOFs) via the inertial sensors is proposed, which permits analyzing the patient's motion ability. This method is applicable to arbitrary walking directions and tracks of persons under study, and its results are unbiased, as compared to therapist qualitative estimations. Using the simplified mathematical model of a human body, the rotation angles for each lower limb joint are calculated from the input signals acquired by the inertial sensors. Finally, the rotation angle versus joint displacement curves are constructed, and the estimated values of joint motion angle and motion ability are obtained. The experimental verification of the proposed motion detection and analysis method was performed, which proved that it can efficiently detect the differences between motion behaviors of disabled and healthy persons and provide a reliable quantitative evaluation of the rehabilitation state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyang Sun
- School of Mechanical & Automative Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua Li
- The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Quanquan Liu
- School of Mechanical & Automative Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihong Duan
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunbao Wang
- School of Mechanical & Automative Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Qihong Liu
- School of Mechanical & Automative Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiguang Li
- School of Mechanical & Automative Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanfeng Shang
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengzhi Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yulong Wang
- The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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