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Mazuryk J, Klepacka K, Kutner W, Sharma PS. Glyphosate Separating and Sensing for Precision Agriculture and Environmental Protection in the Era of Smart Materials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37384557 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The present article critically and comprehensively reviews the most recent reports on smart sensors for determining glyphosate (GLP), an active agent of GLP-based herbicides (GBHs) traditionally used in agriculture over the past decades. Commercialized in 1974, GBHs have now reached 350 million hectares of crops in over 140 countries with an annual turnover of 11 billion USD worldwide. However, rolling exploitation of GLP and GBHs in the last decades has led to environmental pollution, animal intoxication, bacterial resistance, and sustained occupational exposure of the herbicide of farm and companies' workers. Intoxication with these herbicides dysregulates the microbiome-gut-brain axis, cholinergic neurotransmission, and endocrine system, causing paralytic ileus, hyperkalemia, oliguria, pulmonary edema, and cardiogenic shock. Precision agriculture, i.e., an (information technology)-enhanced approach to crop management, including a site-specific determination of agrochemicals, derives from the benefits of smart materials (SMs), data science, and nanosensors. Those typically feature fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers or immunochemical aptamer artificial receptors integrated with electrochemical transducers. Fabricated as portable or wearable lab-on-chips, smartphones, and soft robotics and connected with SM-based devices that provide machine learning algorithms and online databases, they integrate, process, analyze, and interpret massive amounts of spatiotemporal data in a user-friendly and decision-making manner. Exploited for the ultrasensitive determination of toxins, including GLP, they will become practical tools in farmlands and point-of-care testing. Expectedly, smart sensors can be used for personalized diagnostics, real-time water, food, soil, and air quality monitoring, site-specific herbicide management, and crop control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Mazuryk
- Department of Electrode Processes, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Bio & Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Klepacka
- Functional Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- ENSEMBLE3 sp. z o. o., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Kutner
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
- Modified Electrodes for Potential Application in Sensors and Cells Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Functional Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Mazuryk J, Klepacka K, Piechowska J, Kalecki J, Derzsi L, Piotrowski P, Paszke P, Pawlak DA, Berneschi S, Kutner W, Sharma PS. In-Capillary Photodeposition of Glyphosate-Containing Polyacrylamide Nanometer-Thick Films. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:223-235. [PMID: 36660253 PMCID: PMC9841503 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The present research reports on in-water, site-specific photodeposition of glyphosate (GLP)-containing polyacrylamide (PAA-GLP) nanometer-thick films (nanofilms) on an inner surface of fused silica (fused quartz) microcapillaries presilanized with trimethoxy(octen-7-yl)silane (TMOS). TMOS was chosen because of the vinyl group presence in its structure, enabling its participation in the (UV light)-activated free-radical polymerization (UV-FRP) after its immobilization on a fused silica surface. The photodeposition was conducted in an aqueous (H2O/ACN; 3:1, v/v) solution, using UV-FRP (λ = 365 nm) of the acrylamide (AA) functional monomer, the N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) (BAA) cross-linking monomer, GLP, and the azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) UV-FRP initiator. Acetonitrile (ACN) was used as the porogen and the solvent to dissolve monomers and GLP. Because of the micrometric diameters of microcapillaries, the silanization and photodeposition procedures were first optimized on fused silica slides. The introduction of TMOS, as well as the formation of PAA and PAA-GLP nanofilms, was determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) spectroscopy, and confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy. Particularly, AFM and SEM-EDX measurements determined nanofilms' thickness and GLP content, respectively, whereas in-depth confocal (micro-Raman spectroscopy)-assisted imaging of PAA- and PAA-GLP-coated microcapillary inner surfaces confirmed the successful photodeposition. Moreover, we examined the GLP impact on polymer gelation by monitoring hydration in a hydrogel and a dried powder PAA-GLP. Our study demonstrated the usefulness of the in-capillary micro-Raman spectroscopy imaging and in-depth profiling of GLP-encapsulated PAA nanofilms. In the future, our simple and inexpensive procedure will enable the fabrication of polymer-based microfluidic chemosensors or adsorptive-separating devices for GLP detection, determination, and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslaw Mazuryk
- Electrode
Processes Research Team, Institute of Physical
Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Bio
& Soft Matter, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, 1 Place Louis Pasteur, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Katarzyna Klepacka
- Functional
Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- ENSEMBLE3
sp. z o. o., Wólczyńska
133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Piechowska
- Functional
Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Kalecki
- Functional
Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ladislav Derzsi
- Microfluidics
and Complex Fluids Research Team, Institute
of Physical Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Piotrowski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- ENSEMBLE3
sp. z o. o., Wólczyńska
133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Paszke
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- ENSEMBLE3
sp. z o. o., Wólczyńska
133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota A. Pawlak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
- ENSEMBLE3
sp. z o. o., Wólczyńska
133, 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Simone Berneschi
- Institute
of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”—National Research
Council (IFAC-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano, 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - Wlodzimierz Kutner
- Electrode
Processes Research Team, Institute of Physical
Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty
of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. School of Sciences, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University in Warsaw, Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piyush Sindhu Sharma
- Functional
Polymers Research Team, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Optical Whispering-Gallery-Mode Microbubble Sensors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13040592. [PMID: 35457896 PMCID: PMC9026417 DOI: 10.3390/mi13040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microbubble resonators are ideal optical sensors due to their high quality factor, small mode volume, high optical energy density, and geometry/design/structure (i.e., hollow microfluidic channels). When used in combination with microfluidic technologies, WGM microbubble resonators can be applied in chemical and biological sensing due to strong light–matter interactions. The detection of ultra-low concentrations over a large dynamic range is possible due to their high sensitivity, which has significance for environmental monitoring and applications in life-science. Furthermore, WGM microbubble resonators have also been widely used for physical sensing, such as to detect changes in temperature, stress, pressure, flow rate, magnetic field and ultrasound. In this article, we systematically review and summarize the sensing mechanisms, fabrication and packing methods, and various applications of optofluidic WGM microbubble resonators. The challenges of rapid production and practical applications of WGM microbubble resonators are also discussed.
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Bianucci P. Optical Microbottle Resonators for Sensing. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16111841. [PMID: 27827834 PMCID: PMC5134500 DOI: 10.3390/s16111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical microresonators have been shown to be the basis for sensors able to detect minute changes in their environment. This has made them a well-established platform for highly sensitive physical, chemical, and biological sensors. Microbottle resonators (MBR) are a type of WGM optical microresonator. They share characteristics with other, more established, resonator geometries such as cylinders and spheres, while presenting their unique spectral signature and other distinguishing features. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the theory and fabrication of different kinds of MBRs, including hollow ones, and their application to optofluidic sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Bianucci
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montral, QC H4B 1R6, Canada.
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