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Belini VL, de Melo Nasser Fava N, Garcia LAT, da Cunha MJR, Sabogal-Paz LP. Label-free detection and enumeration of Giardia cysts in agitated suspensions using in situ microscopy. J Microbiol Methods 2022; 199:106509. [PMID: 35697187 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory procedures performed in water treatment studies frequently require the characterization of (oo)cyst suspensions. Standard methods commonly used are laborious, expensive and time-consuming, besides requiring well-trained personnel to prepare samples with fluorescent staining and perform analysis under fluorescence microscopy. In this study, an easy cost-effective in situ microscope was assessed to acquire images of Giardia cysts directly from agitated suspensions without using any chemical labels or sample preparation steps. An image analysis algorithm analyzes the acquired images, and automatically enumerates and provides morphological information of cysts within 10 min. The proposed system was evaluated at different cyst concentrations, achieving a limit of detection of ~30 cysts/mL. The proposed system overcomes cost, time and labor demands by standard methods and has the potential to be an alternative technique for the characterization of Giardia cyst suspensions in resource-limited facilities, since it is independent of experts and free of consumables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdinei L Belini
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP CEP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Natália de Melo Nasser Fava
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Lucas Ariel Totaro Garcia
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Maria Júlia Rodrigues da Cunha
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Lyda Patrícia Sabogal-Paz
- Department of Hydraulics and Sanitation, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP CEP 13566-590, Brazil
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2
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Seherler S, Bozdogan A, Ozal Ildeniz TA, Kok FN, Anac Sakir I. Detection of cholera toxin with surface plasmon field-enhanced fluorescent spectroscopy. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1557-1566. [PMID: 34297408 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a biosensor based on surface plasmon field-enhanced florescence spectroscopy (SPFS) method was successfully constructed to detect the truncated form of cholera toxin, that is, its beta subunit (CTX-B). CTX-B is a relatively small molecule (12 kDa) and it was chosen as model analyte for the detection of protein toxins originated from waterborne pathogens. Recognition layer was prepared on gold-coated LaSFN9 glasses modified with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA). Biotin-conjugated anti-CTX-B polyclonal antibody (B-Ab) was immobilized on streptavidin (SA) layer constructed on the 11-MUA-modified surface. CTX-B amount was determined with direct assay using B-Ab in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) mode and with sandwich assay in SPFS mode using Cy5-conjugated anti-CTX-B polyclonal antibody. Minimum detected CTX-B concentrations were 10 and 0.01 μg/ml with SPR and SPFS, respectively, showing the sensitivity of the SPFS system over the conventional one. The detection was done in 2-6 h, which was faster than both culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Stability tests were performed with SA-coated sensors (excluding B-Ab). In this form, the layer was stable after 30 days of storage in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 0.01 M, pH = 7.4) at +4°C. B-Ab layer was formed immediately on them before each measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebnem Seherler
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology Programme, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anil Bozdogan
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Center for Electrochemical Surface Technology (CEST), Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
| | - Tugba Arzu Ozal Ildeniz
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Nese Kok
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology Programme, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilke Anac Sakir
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey.,Institute of Biotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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3
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Moehling TJ, Lee DH, Henderson ME, McDonald MK, Tsang PH, Kaakeh S, Kim ES, Wereley ST, Kinzer-Ursem TL, Clayton KN, Linnes JC. A smartphone-based particle diffusometry platform for sub-attomolar detection of Vibrio cholerae in environmental water. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 167:112497. [PMID: 32836088 PMCID: PMC7532658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Each year, 3.4 million people die from waterborne diseases worldwide. Development of a rapid and portable platform for detecting and monitoring waterborne pathogens would significantly aid in reducing the incidence and spread of infectious diseases. By combining optical methods and smartphone technology with molecular assays, the sensitivity required to detect exceedingly low concentrations of waterborne pathogens can readily be achieved. Here, we implement smartphone-based particle diffusometry (PD) detection of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) targeting the waterborne pathogen Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae). By measuring the diffusion of 400 nm streptavidin-coated fluorescent nanoparticles imaged at 68X magnification on a smartphone, we can detect as few as 6 V. cholerae cells per reaction (0.66 aM) in just 35 minutes. In a double-blinded study with 132 pond water samples, we establish a 91.8% sensitivity, 95.2% specificity, and 94.3% accuracy of the smartphone-based PD platform for detection of V. cholerae. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of this smartphone-based PD platform for rapid and sensitive detection of V. cholerae at the point of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Moehling
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Meghan E Henderson
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mariah K McDonald
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Preston H Tsang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Seba Kaakeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Eugene S Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Steven T Wereley
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Tamara L Kinzer-Ursem
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Katherine N Clayton
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; OmniVis LLC, Indianapolis, IN, 46201, USA.
| | - Jacqueline C Linnes
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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4
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Wu TF, Chen YC, Wang WC, Fang YC, Fukuoka S, Pride DT, Pak OS. A Rapid and Low-Cost Pathogen Detection Platform by Using a Molecular Agglutination Assay. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:1485-1494. [PMID: 30555900 PMCID: PMC6276042 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and low-cost pathogen diagnostic approaches are critical for clinical decision-making procedures. Cultivating bacteria often takes days to identify pathogens and provide antimicrobial susceptibilities. The delay in diagnosis may result in compromised treatment and inappropriate antibiotic use. Over the past decades, molecular-based techniques have significantly shortened pathogen identification turnaround time with high accuracy. However, these assays often use complex fluorescent labeling and nucleic acid amplification processes, which limit their use in resource-limited settings. In this work, we demonstrate a wash-free molecular agglutination assay with a straightforward mixing and incubation step that significantly simplifies procedures of molecular testing. By targeting the 16S rRNA gene of pathogens, we perform a rapid pathogen identification within 30 min on a dark-field imaging microfluidic cytometry platform. The dark-field images with low background noise can be obtained using a narrow beam scanning technique with off-the-shelf complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) imagers such as smartphone cameras. We utilize a machine learning algorithm to deconvolute topological features of agglutinated clusters and thus quantify the abundance of bacteria. Consequently, we unambiguously distinguish Escherichia coli positive from other E. coli negative among 50 clinical urinary tract infection samples with 96% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Furthermore, we also apply this quantitative detection approach to achieve rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing within 3 h. This work exhibits easy-to-use protocols, high sensitivity, and short turnaround time for point-of-care testing uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Feng Wu
- VOR,
Inc., Atkinson Hall #1412,
9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- (T.-F.W.) E-mail:
| | - Yu-Chen Chen
- VOR,
Inc., Atkinson Hall #1412,
9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wei-Chung Wang
- VOR,
Inc., Atkinson Hall #1412,
9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yen-Chi Fang
- VOR,
Inc., Atkinson Hall #1412,
9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Scott Fukuoka
- Department
of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
| | - David T. Pride
- Department
of Pathology, University of California at
San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0612, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - On Shun Pak
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053, United States
- (O.S.P.) E-mail:
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5
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Habimana JDD, Ji J, Sun X. Minireview: Trends in Optical-Based Biosensors for Point-Of-Care Bacterial Pathogen Detection for Food Safety and Clinical Diagnostics. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1458104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Dieu Habimana
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Jian Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiulan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Foods, Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety, International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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