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A Study on Fabrication Process of Gold Microdisk Arrays by the Direct Imprinting Method Using a PET Film Mold. CRYSTALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst11121452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an efficient nanofabrication process of metal microdisk arrays using direct imprinting was developed. This process was comprised of three steps; sputter etching on the quartz glass substrate, gold thin film deposition on an etched surface of a substrate, and transfer imprinting using a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film mold on the Au thin film. A new idea to utilize a PET film mold for disk patterning by the nano transfer imprinting was examined. The PET film mold was prepared by thermally embossing the pillar pattern of a master mold on the PET film. The master mold was prepared from a silicon wafer. The PET film mold was used for transfer imprinting on a metal film deposited on a quartz substrate. The experimental results revealed that the PET film mold can effectively form gold micro-disk arrays on the Au film despite the PET film mold being softer than the Au film. This method can control the distribution and orientation of the nano-arrays on the disk. The plasmonic properties of the gold micro-disk arrays are studied and the absorbance spectrum exhibit depends on the distribution and orientation of gold micro-disk patterns. The nano-transfer imprinting technique is useful for fabricating metallic microdisk arrays on substrate as a plasmonic device.
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Manzo M, Cavazos O, Huang Z, Cai L. Plasmonic and Hybrid Whispering Gallery Mode-Based Biosensors: Literature Review. JMIR BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021; 6:e17781. [PMID: 38907378 PMCID: PMC11135208 DOI: 10.2196/17781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term "plasmonic" describes the relationship between electromagnetic fields and metallic nanostructures. Plasmon-based sensors have been used innovatively to accomplish different biomedical tasks, including detection of cancer. Plasmonic sensors also have been used in biochip applications and biosensors and have the potential to be implemented as implantable point-of-care devices. Many devices and methods discussed in the literature are based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR). However, the mathematical background can be overwhelming for researchers at times. OBJECTIVE This review article discusses the theory of SPR, simplifying the underlying physics and bypassing many equations of SPR and LSPR. Moreover, we introduce and discuss the hybrid whispering gallery mode (WGM) sensing theory and its applications. METHODS A literature search in ScienceDirect was performed using keywords such as "surface plasmon resonance," "localized plasmon resonance," and "whispering gallery mode/plasmonic." The search results retrieved many articles, among which we selected only those that presented a simple explanation of the SPR phenomena with prominent biomedical examples. RESULTS SPR, LSPR, tilted fiber Bragg grating, and hybrid WGM phenomena were explained and examples on biosensing applications were provided. CONCLUSIONS This minireview presents an overview of biosensor applications in the field of biomedicine and is intended for researchers interested in starting to work in this field. The review presents the fundamental notions of plasmonic sensors and hybrid WGM sensors, thereby allowing one to get familiar with the terminology and underlying complex formulations of linear and nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Manzo
- Photonics Micro-Devices Fabrication Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Omar Cavazos
- Photonics Micro-Devices Fabrication Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Zhenhua Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Liping Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
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Ohannesian N, Li J, Misbah I, Zhao F, Shih WC. Directed Concentrating of Micro-/Nanoparticles via Near-Infrared Laser Generated Plasmonic Microbubbles. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32481-32489. [PMID: 33376885 PMCID: PMC7758966 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Directed concentrating of micro- and nanoparticles via laser-generated plasmonic microbubbles in a liquid environment is an emerging technology. For effective heating, visible light has been primarily employed in existing demonstrations. In this paper, we demonstrate a new plasmonic platform based on nanoporous gold disk (NPGD) array. Thanks to the highly tunable localized surface plasmon resonance of the NPGD array, microbubbles of controlled size can be generated by near-infrared (NIR) light. Using NIR light provides several key advantages over visible light in less interference with standard microscopy and fluorescence imaging, preventing fluorescence photobleaching, less susceptible to absorption and scattering in turbid biological media, and much reduced photochemistry, phototoxicity, and so forth. The large surface-to-volume ratio of NPGD further facilitates the heat transfer from these gold nanoheaters to the surroundings. While the microbubble is formed, the surrounding liquid circulates and direct microparticles randomly dispersed in the liquid to the bottom NPGD surface, which can be made to yield a unique collection of 3D hollow dome microstructures with bubbles larger than 5 μm. Such capability can also be employed in concentrating suspended colloidal nanoparticles at desirable sites and with the preferred configuration enhancing the sensor performance. Specifically, the interaction among concentrated nanoparticles and their interactions with the underlying substrate have been investigated for the first time. These collections have been characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, hyperspectral localized surface plasmon resonance imaging, and hyperspectral Raman imaging. In addition to various micro- and nanoparticles, the plasmonic microbubbles are also shown to collect biological cells and extracellular nanovesicles such as exosomes. By using a spatial light modulator to project the laser in arbitrary patterns, parallel concentrating can be achieved to fabricate an array of clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nareg Ohannesian
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Jingting Li
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Ibrahim Misbah
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Fusheng Zhao
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
| | - Wei-Chuan Shih
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United
States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Houston, 4800 Calhoun
Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
- Program
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of Houston, 4800 Calhoun
Road, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
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Hollow sphere nickel sulfide nanostructures-based enzyme mimic electrochemical sensor platform for lactic acid in human urine. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:468. [PMID: 32700244 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An enzyme-free electrochemical sensor platform is reported based on hollow sphere structured nickel sulfide (HS-NiS) nanomaterials for the sensitive lactic acid (LA) detection in human urine. Hollow sphere nickel sulfide nanostructures directly grow on the nickel foam (NiF) substrate by using facile and one-step electrochemical deposition strategy towards the electrocatalytic lactic acid oxidation and sensing for the first time. The as-developed nickel sulfide nanostructured electrode (NiF/HS-NiS) has been successfully employed as the enzyme mimic electrode towards the enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation and detection of lactic acid. The NiF/HS-NiS electrode exhibits an excellent electrocatalytic activity and sensing ability with low positive potential (~ 0.52 V vs Ag/AgCl), catalytic current density (~ 1.34 mA), limit of detection (LOD) (0.023 μM), linear range from 0.5 to 88.5 μM with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.98, sensitivity (0.655 μA μM-1 cm-2), and selectivity towards the lactic acid owing to the ascription of high inherent electrical conductivity, large electrochemical active surface area (ECASA), high electrochemical active sites, and strong adsorption ability. The sensors developed in this work demonstrate the selectivity against potential interferences, including uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA), paracetamol (PA), Mg2+, Na+, and Ca2+. Furthermore, the developed sensors show practicability by sensing lactic acid in human urine samples, suggesting that the HS-NiS nanostructures device has promising clinical diagnostic potential. Graphical abstract.
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Wong TSB, Newman RC. A novel application of nanoporous gold to humidity sensing: a framework for a general volatile compound sensor. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:777-784. [PMID: 36133239 PMCID: PMC9418575 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00010h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are ubiquitous in industrial applications creating a pressing desire for novel transduction pathways to build a broad family of new gas sensors. Nanoporous gold (NPG) is a material with a vast range of untapped potential applications; offering a high surface area found generally in nanomaterials, while also being comparatively simple to fabricate. NPG based sensors can also leverage the unique physics of gold at the nanoscale. In this work, we leverage the multiple unique nanoscale phenomena associated with NPG to demonstrate two novel transduction mechanisms to sense humidity, a model compound. Through direct electrical measurements of NPG, we were able to sense changes in the electronic properties of NPG induced by ambient humidity. We propose two novel transduction mechanisms: chemoresistive changes induced by surface adsorption and electrochemical capacitive changes induced by the electric double layer to detect humidity. To our knowledge this is the first reported application of both these mechanisms for sensing any volatile compounds utilizing NPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S B Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3E5 Canada
| | - Roger C Newman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto 200 College Street Toronto ON M5S 3E5 Canada
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Steinebrunner D, Schnurpfeil G, Wöhrle D, Wittstock A. Photocatalytic coatings based on a zinc( ii) phthalocyanine derivative immobilized on nanoporous gold leafs with various pore sizes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:53-59. [PMID: 35492516 PMCID: PMC9047552 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08841e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of singlet oxygen sensitizing hybrid materials is reported consisting of a zinc(ii) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) derivative immobilized on nanoporous gold leafs (npAu) with various pore sizes. The resulting photocatalytic coatings exhibit a thickness of around 100 nm and pore sizes between 9–50 nm. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of those hybrid materials which were synthesized by functionalization of npAu leafs by an azide terminated alkanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM) and subsequent copper catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The characterization of the samples morphology included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy as well as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The morphology–reactivity relationship was investigated employing the hybrid photocatalysts in the photooxidation of diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) as selective singlet oxygen quencher. An increasing photocatalytic activity was found for smaller pore sizes up to 15 nm, due to the gain in specific surface area concomitant with an increasing amount of immobilized photosensitizer, completely dominating the effect of the higher spectral overlap caused by the shift of the plasmon resonance of npAu, until mass transport and diffusion limitation gets predominant for pore sizes below 15 nm. A series of hybrid materials consisting of a zinc(ii) phthalocyanine derivative immobilized on nanoporous gold leafs with various pore sizes was prepared and investigated regarding its singlet oxygen sensitization activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steinebrunner
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology
- University Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes
| | - Günter Schnurpfeil
- Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- University Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Dieter Wöhrle
- Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- University Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Arne Wittstock
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology
- University Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes
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Steinebrunner D, Schnurpfeil G, Kohröde M, Epp A, Klangnog K, Tapia Burgos JA, Wichmann A, Wöhrle D, Wittstock A. Impact of photosensitizer orientation on the distance dependent photocatalytic activity in zinc phthalocyanine–nanoporous gold hybrid systems. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23203-23211. [PMID: 35520339 PMCID: PMC9054629 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03891a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The distance dependency of the photocatalytic activity in zinc phthalocyanine–nanoporous gold hybrid systems was investigated revealing the importance of photosensitizer orientation in novel hybrid-based photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steinebrunner
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology
- University Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes
| | - Günter Schnurpfeil
- Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- University Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Mathis Kohröde
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology
- University Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Alexander Epp
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology
- University Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | | | - Jorge Adrian Tapia Burgos
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology
- University Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes
| | - Andre Wichmann
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology
- University Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Dieter Wöhrle
- Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- University Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
| | - Arne Wittstock
- Institute of Applied and Physical Chemistry and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology
- University Bremen
- 28359 Bremen
- Germany
- MAPEX Center for Materials and Processes
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Synergistic Effect in Zinc Phthalocyanine—Nanoporous Gold Hybrid Materials for Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxidations. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9060555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoporous gold (npAu) supports were prepared as disks and powders by corrosion of Au-Ag alloys. The npAu materials have pore sizes in the range of 40 nm as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface was modified by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) with an azidohexylthioate and then functionalized by a zinc (II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc) derivative using “click chemistry”. By atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) the content of zinc was determined and the amount of immobilized ZnPc on npAu was calculated. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy gave information about the spatial distribution of the ZnPc throughout the whole porous structure. NpAu and ZnPc are both absorbing light in the visible region, therefore, the heterogeneous hybrid systems were studied as photocatalysts for photooxidations using molecular oxygen. By irradiation of the hybrid system, singlet oxygen is formed, which was quantified using the photooxidation of 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) as a selective singlet oxygen quencher. The illuminated surface area of the npAu-ZnPc hybrid system and the coverage of the ZnPc were optimized. The synergistic effect between the plasmon resonance of npAu and the photosensitizer ZnPc was shown by selective irradiation and excitation of only the phthalocyanine, the plasmon resonance of the npAu support and both absorption bands simultaneously, resulting in an enhanced photooxidation activity by nearly an order of magnitude.
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Yang Z, Han X, Lee HK, Phan-Quang GC, Koh CSL, Lay CL, Lee YH, Miao YE, Liu T, Phang IY, Ling XY. Shape-dependent thermo-plasmonic effect of nanoporous gold at the nanoscale for ultrasensitive heat-mediated remote actuation. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16005-16012. [PMID: 30113061 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr04053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous gold (NPG) promises efficient light-to-heat transformation, yet suffers limited photothermal conversion efficiency owing to the difficulty in controlling its morphology for the direct modulation of thermo-plasmonic properties. Herein, we showcase a series of shape-controlled NPG nanoparticles with distinct bowl- (NPG-B), tube- (NPG-T) and plate-like (NPG-P) structures for quantitative temperature regulation up to 140 °C in <1 s using laser irradiation. Notably, NPG-B exhibits the highest photothermal efficiency of 68%, which is >12 and 39 percentage points better than those of other NPG shapes (NPG-T, 56%; NPG-P, 49%) and Au nanoparticles (29%), respectively. We attribute NPG-B's superior photothermal performance to its >13% enhanced light absorption cross-section compared to other Au nanostructures. We further realize an ultrasensitive heat-mediated light-to-mechanical "kill switch" by integrating NPG-B with a heat-responsive shape-memory polymer (SMP/NPG-B). This SMP/NPG-B hybrid is analogous to a photo-triggered mechanical arm, and can be activated swiftly in <4 s simply by remote laser irradiation. Achieving remotely-activated "kill switch" is critical in case of emergencies such as gas leaks, where physical access is usually prohibited or dangerous. Our work offers valuable insights into the structural design of NPG for optimal light-to-heat conversion, and creates opportunities to formulate next-generation smart materials for on-demand and multi-directional responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Yang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371.
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Parvez Arnob MM, Shih WC. 3D plasmonic nanoarchitecture as an emerging biosensing platform. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2577-2580. [PMID: 28994340 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Md Masud Parvez Arnob
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Wei-Chuan Shih
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.,Program of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.,Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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