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Xing Q, Hong R, Shen Y, Shen Y. Design and validation of depth camera-based static posture assessment system. iScience 2023; 26:107974. [PMID: 37810248 PMCID: PMC10551660 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Postural abnormalities have become a prevalent issue affecting individuals of all ages, resulting in a diminished quality of life. Easy-use and reliable posture assessment tools can aid in screening for and correcting posture deviation at an early stage. In this study, we present a depth camera-based static posture assessment system to screen for common postural anomalies such as uneven shoulders, pelvic tilt, bowlegs and knock-knees, forward head, scoliosis, and shoulder blade inclination. The system consists of an Azure Kinect camera, a laptop, and evaluation software. Our system accurately measures skeleton and posture indexes and shows favorable agreement with a golden standard optical infrared motion capture system. The findings indicate that the system is a low-cost posture assessment tool with high precision and accuracy, suitable for initial screening of postural abnormalities in individuals of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Xing
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ruiwei Hong
- School of Sport Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shen
- School of Sport Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanfei Shen
- School of Sport Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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2
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Boysen MD, Munk-Hansen M, Steffensen M, Holsgaard-Larsen A, Madeleine P. The biomechanical differences of wearing safety shoes compared with everyday shoes on dynamic balance when tripping over an obstacle. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2023; 111:104040. [PMID: 37126881 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Safety shoes are known to challenge dynamic balance, but the interaction between footwear and trips has not been thoroughly explored. This study investigated the biomechanical differences on dynamic balance during unexpected trip perturbations between safety shoes and everyday shoes. The vertical position of the whole-body center of mass (CoM) and the linear momentum of the swing leg from seven females and sixteen males were analyzed in five subsequent gait cycles. Additionally, the recovery strategies (i.e., the displacement of the foot after tripping) were classified. Wearing safety shoes, the linear momentum of the foot and whole leg increased, and the vertical position of the whole-body CoM was lower after the perturbation. Additionally, the recovery strategy when wearing safety shoes demonstrated a lower displacement of the foot. In conclusion, wearing safety shoes was found to have negative biomechanical effects when having to circumvent a trip, and this potentially increased the risk of falling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mads Daabeck Boysen
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Mathias Munk-Hansen
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Mike Steffensen
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
| | - Anders Holsgaard-Larsen
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark and Orthopedic Research Unit, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Pascal Madeleine
- Sport Sciences - Performance and Technology, Department of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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Tsukamoto H, Saito K, Saito H, Kijima H, Akagawa M, Komatsu A, Iwami T, Miyakoshi N. A Novel Classification of Coronal Plane Knee Joint Instability Using Nine-Axis Inertial Measurement Units in Patients with Medial Knee Osteoarthritis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2797. [PMID: 36905001 PMCID: PMC10007345 DOI: 10.3390/s23052797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to propose a novel classification of varus thrust based on gait analysis with inertial motion sensor units (IMUs) in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis (MKOA). We investigated thigh and shank acceleration using a nine-axis IMU in 69 knees with MKOA and 24 (control) knees. We classified varus thrust into four phenotypes according to the relative medial-lateral acceleration vector patterns of the thigh and shank segments: pattern A (thigh medial, shank medial), pattern B (medial, lateral), pattern C (lateral, medial), and pattern D (lateral, lateral). Quantitative varus thrust was calculated using an extended Kalman filter-based algorithm. We compared the differences between our proposed IMU classification and the Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grades for quantitative varus thrust and visible varus thrust. Most of the varus thrust was not visually perceptible in early-stage OA. In advanced MKOA, increased proportions of patterns C and D with lateral thigh acceleration were observed. Quantitative varus thrust was significantly increased stepwise from patterns A to D. This novel IMU classification has better clinical utility due to its ability to detect subtle kinematic changes that cannot be captured with conventional motion analysis even in the early stage of MKOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kita-Akita Municipal Hospital, Shimosugi, Kamishimizusawa 16-29, Kitaakita 018-4221, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Kimio Saito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Saito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kijima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita 010-8543, Japan
| | - Manabu Akagawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Omagari Kosei Medical Center, Omagari Torimachi 8-65, Senboku 014-0027, Japan
| | - Akira Komatsu
- National Institute of Technology, Sendai College, Natori 981-1239, Japan
| | - Takehiro Iwami
- Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita University, Akita 010-8502, Japan
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Hondo 1-1-1, Akita 010-8543, Japan
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Duarte MB, da Costa Moraes AA, Ferreira EV, da Silva Almeida GC, da Rocha Santos EG, Pinto GHL, de Oliveira PR, Amorim CF, Dos Santos Cabral A, Saunier G, Costa E Silva ADA, Belgamo A, Souza GDS, Callegari B. Validity and reliability of a smartphone-based assessment for anticipatory and compensatory postural adjustments during predictable perturbations. Gait Posture 2022; 96:9-17. [PMID: 35533431 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postural adjustments involve displacements of the center of mass (COM), controlled by the central nervous system (CNS), to maintain equilibrium whilst standing. Postural adjustments can be anticipatory (APAs) or compensatory (CPAs), and are triggered to counteract predictable perturbations. RESEARCH QUESTION Is the new smartphone application, Momentum, a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of body balance, by measuring APAs and CPAs using accelerometer readings? METHODS 20 young adults were exposed to external predictable perturbations induced at the shoulder level, whilst standing. COM linear acceleration was recorded by Momentum (extracting data from a smartphone's accelerometer) and a 3D motion capture system. RESULTS The key results demonstrated a very high, significant correlation (r ≥ 0.7, p < 0.05) between the two device settings in the APA parameters, which obtained r = 0.65, denoting a high correlation. Considering the reliability, variables that are compensatory in nature are presented on a scale of good to excellent in measurement methods, kinematics, and Momentum. However, the anticipatory variables presented excellent reliability only for the kinematics. SIGNIFICANCE These experiments show that Momentum is a valid method for measuring COM acceleration under predictable perturbations and is reliable for compensatory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Brito Duarte
- Laboratório de Estudos da Motricidade Humana, Av. Generalíssimo deodoro 01, Belém 66073-00, PA, Brazil.
| | | | - Eduardo Veloso Ferreira
- Laboratório de Estudos da Motricidade Humana, Av. Generalíssimo deodoro 01, Belém 66073-00, PA, Brazil.
| | | | - Enzo Gabriel da Rocha Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém 66093-020, PA, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Henrique Lima Pinto
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, R. Augusto Corrêa, 01, Belém 66093-020, PA, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rui de Oliveira
- Doctoral and Masters Program in Physical Therapy, UNICID, 448/475 Cesário Galeno St., São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - César Ferreira Amorim
- Doctoral and Masters Program in Physical Therapy, UNICID, 448/475 Cesário Galeno St., São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Département des Sciences de la Santé, Programme de physiothérapie de l'université McGill offert en extension à l'UQAC, Saguenay, Québec, Canada; Physical Therapy and Neuroscience Departments, Wertheims' Colleges of Nursing and Health Sciences and Medicine, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, FL, United States
| | - André Dos Santos Cabral
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Tv. Perebebuí, 2623 - Marco, Belém, PA 66087-662, Brazil.
| | - Ghislain Saunier
- Laboratório de Cognição Motora, Departamento de Anatomia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil.
| | - Anselmo de Athayde Costa E Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências do Movimento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Generalíssimo deodoro 01, Belém 66073-00, PA, Brazil.
| | - Anderson Belgamo
- Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto Federal de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil.
| | - Givago da Silva Souza
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa 01, Belém 66075-110, PA, Brazil.
| | - Bianca Callegari
- Laboratório de Estudos da Motricidade Humana, Av. Generalíssimo deodoro 01, Belém 66073-00, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências do Movimento, Universidade Federal do Pará, Av. Generalíssimo deodoro 01, Belém 66073-00, PA, Brazil.
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Guo L, Kou J, Wu M. Ability of Wearable Accelerometers-Based Measures to Assess the Stability of Working Postures. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4695. [PMID: 35457561 PMCID: PMC9030489 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development and widespread application of wearable inertial sensors in the field of human motion capture, the low-cost and non-invasive accelerometer (ACC) based measures have been widely used for working postural stability assessment. This study systematically investigated the abilities of ACC-based measures to assess the stability of working postures in terms of the ability to detect the effects of work-related factors and the ability to classify stable and unstable working postures. Thirty young males participated in this study and performed twenty-four load-holding tasks (six working postures × two standing surfaces × two holding loads), and forty-three ACC-based measures were derived from the ACC data obtained by using a 17 inertial sensors-based motion capture system. ANOVAs, t-tests and machine learning (ML) methods were adopted to study the factors’ effects detection ability and the postural stability classification ability. The results show that almost all forty-three ACC-based measures could (p < 0.05) detect the main effects of Working Posture and Load Carriage, and their interaction effects. However, most of them failed in (p ≥ 0.05) detecting Standing Surface’s main or interaction effects. Five measures could detect both main and interaction effects of all the three factors, which are recommended for working postural stability assessment. The performance in postural stability classification based on ML was also good, and the feature set exerted a greater influence on the classification accuracy than sensor configuration (i.e., sensor placement locations). The results show that the pelvis and lower legs are recommended locations overall, in which the pelvis is the first choice. The findings of this study have proved that wearable ACC-based measures could assess the stability of working postures, including the work-related factors’ effects detection ability and stable-unstable working postures classification ability. However, researchers should pay more attention to the measure selection, sensors placement, feature selection and extraction in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Guo
- Department of Safety Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China; (J.K.); (M.W.)
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Anderson W, Choffin Z, Jeong N, Callihan M, Jeong S, Sazonov E. Empirical Study on Human Movement Classification Using Insole Footwear Sensor System and Machine Learning. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072743. [PMID: 35408358 PMCID: PMC9003281 DOI: 10.3390/s22072743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a plantar pressure sensor system (P2S2) integrated in the insoles of shoes to detect thirteen commonly used human movements including walking, stooping left and right, pulling a cart backward, squatting, descending, ascending stairs, running, and falling (front, back, right, left). Six force sensitive resistors (FSR) sensors were positioned on critical pressure points on the insoles to capture the electrical signature of pressure change in the various movements. A total of 34 adult participants were tested with the P2S2. The pressure data were collected and processed using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for input to the multiple machine learning (ML) algorithms, including k-NN, neural network and Support-Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms. The ML models were trained using four-fold cross-validation. Each fold kept subject data independent from other folds. The model proved effective with an accuracy of 86%, showing a promising result in predicting human movements using the P2S2 integrated in shoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfe Anderson
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (W.A.); (Z.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Zachary Choffin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (W.A.); (Z.C.); (E.S.)
| | - Nathan Jeong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (W.A.); (Z.C.); (E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(205)-348-4820
| | - Michael Callihan
- College of Nursing, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA;
| | - Seongcheol Jeong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea;
| | - Edward Sazonov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; (W.A.); (Z.C.); (E.S.)
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7
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Estimating Center of Mass Kinematics During Perturbed Human Standing Using Accelerometers. J Appl Biomech 2021; 37:415-424. [PMID: 34453018 DOI: 10.1123/jab.2020-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Estimating center of mass (COM) through sensor measurements is done to maintain walking and standing stability with exoskeletons. The authors present a method for estimating COM kinematics through an artificial neural network, which was trained by minimizing the mean squared error between COM displacements measured by a gold-standard motion capture system and recorded acceleration signals from body-mounted accelerometers. A total of 5 able-bodied participants were destabilized during standing through: (1) unexpected perturbations caused by 4 linear actuators pulling on the waist and (2) volitionally moving weighted jars on a shelf. Each movement type was averaged across all participants. The algorithm's performance was quantified by the root mean square error and coefficient of determination (R2) calculated from both the entire trial and during each perturbation type. Throughout the trials and movement types, the average coefficient of determination was 0.83, with 89% of the movements with R2 > .70, while the average root mean square error ranged between 7.3% and 22.0%, corresponding to 0.5- and 0.94-cm error in both the coronal and sagittal planes. COM can be estimated in real time for balance control of exoskeletons for individuals with a spinal cord injury, and the procedure can be generalized for other gait studies.
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8
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Siebers HL, Eschweiler J, Quack VM, Tingart M, Betsch M. Inertial measurement units for the detection of the effects of simulated leg length inequalities. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:142. [PMID: 33596939 PMCID: PMC7888156 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02212-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Leg length inequalities (LLI) are a common condition that can be associated with detrimental effects like low back pain and osteoarthritis. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) offer the chance to analyze daily activities outside a laboratory. Analyzing the kinematic effects of (simulated) LLI on the musculoskeletal apparatus using IMUs will show their potentiality to improve the comprehension of LLI. Methods Twenty healthy participants with simulated LLI of 0-4 cm were analyzed while walking with an inertial sensor system (MyoMotion). Statistical evaluation of the peak anatomical angles of the spine and legs were performed using repeated measurement (RM) ANOVA or their non-parametric test versions (Friedman test). Results Lumbar lateral flexion and pelvic obliquity increased during the stance phase of the elongated leg and decreased during its swing phase. The longer limb was functionally shortened by higher hip and knee flexion, higher hip adduction, dorsiflexion, and lower ankle adduction. Finally, the shorter leg was lengthened by higher hip and knee extension, hip abduction, ankle plantarflexion, and decreased hip adduction. Conclusion We found differing compensation strategies between the different joints, movement planes, gait phases, and amounts of inequality. Overall the shorter leg is lengthened and the longer leg is shortened during walking, to retain the upright posture of the trunk. IMUs were helpful and precise in the detection of anatomical joint angles and for the analysis of the effects of LLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lena Siebers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jörg Eschweiler
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Valentin M Quack
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Tingart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcel Betsch
- University of Toronto Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Program (UTOSM), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim of the University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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9
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Tsukamoto H, Saito K, Matsunaga T, Iwami T, Saito H, Kijima H, Akagawa M, Komatsu A, Miyakoshi N, Shimada Y. Diagnostic Accuracy of the Mobile Assessment of Varus Thrust Using Nine-axis Inertial Measurement Units. Prog Rehabil Med 2021; 6:20210009. [PMID: 33564730 PMCID: PMC7862008 DOI: 10.2490/prm.20210009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the diagnostic accuracy of the mobile
assessment of varus thrust using inertial measurement units (IMUs). Methods: A total of 80 knees in 49 patients were enrolled in this study. On visual analysis of
gait to determine the presence or absence of varus thrust, 23 knees were assigned to the
Present group, 17 to the Ambiguous group, and 40 to the Absent group. The peak knee
varus angular velocities (PVVs), measured by quantitative gait analysis using nine-axis
IMUs, were compared between these three groups. A receiver operating characteristic
curve for the relationship between the visual assessment of varus thrust (Present and
Ambiguous) and the measured PVV was created, and the cut-off PVV for visualized varus
thrust was determined as the highest point for both sensitivity and specificity. Results: The mean PVVs were significantly different between the three groups (Present, 47.7 ±
8.2 degree/s, Ambiguous, 34.1 ± 10.5 degree/s, and Absent, 28.1 ± 8.3 degree/s,
respectively, ANOVA P=0.000). The PVV cut-off value for visualized varus thrust was 28.1
degree/s, yielding a sensitivity of 0.957 and a specificity of 0.579. Conclusions: A PVV <28.1 degree/s is useful for ruling out varus thrust during gait. This
quantitative varus thrust assessment method using IMUs has clinical utility as a
screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Tsukamoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.,Akita Sports Arthroscopy Knee Group (ASAKG), Akita, Japan
| | - Kimio Saito
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan.,Akita Sports Arthroscopy Knee Group (ASAKG), Akita, Japan
| | - Toshiki Matsunaga
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Takehiro Iwami
- Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, Akita University Graduate School of Engineering Science, Akita, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Saito
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Akita University Hospital, Akita, Japan.,Akita Sports Arthroscopy Knee Group (ASAKG), Akita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kijima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan.,Akita Sports Arthroscopy Knee Group (ASAKG), Akita, Japan
| | - Manabu Akagawa
- Akita Sports Arthroscopy Knee Group (ASAKG), Akita, Japan
| | - Akira Komatsu
- National Institute of Technology, Sendai College, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naohisa Miyakoshi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoichi Shimada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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10
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Estimation of Human Center of Mass Position through the Inertial Sensors-Based Methods in Postural Tasks: An Accuracy Evaluation. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020601. [PMID: 33467072 PMCID: PMC7830449 DOI: 10.3390/s21020601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The estimation of the body’s center of mass (CoM) trajectory is typically obtained using force platforms, or optoelectronic systems (OS), bounding the assessment inside a laboratory setting. The use of magneto-inertial measurement units (MIMUs) allows for more ecological evaluations, and previous studies proposed methods based on either a single sensor or a sensors’ network. In this study, we compared the accuracy of two methods based on MIMUs. Body CoM was estimated during six postural tasks performed by 15 healthy subjects, using data collected by a single sensor on the pelvis (Strapdown Integration Method, SDI), and seven sensors on the pelvis and lower limbs (Biomechanical Model, BM). The accuracy of the two methods was compared in terms of RMSE and estimation of posturographic parameters, using an OS as reference. The RMSE of the SDI was lower in tasks with little or no oscillations, while the BM outperformed in tasks with greater CoM displacement. Moreover, higher correlation coefficients were obtained between the posturographic parameters obtained with the BM and the OS. Our findings showed that the estimation of CoM displacement based on MIMU was reasonably accurate, and the use of the inertial sensors network methods should be preferred to estimate the kinematic parameters.
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11
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Argunsah Bayram H, Yalcin B. The influence of biofeedback on physiological and kinematic variables of treadmill running. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2020.1861898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Begum Yalcin
- Department of Medical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Guo L, Xiong S. Effects of working posture, lifting load, and standing surface on postural instability during simulated lifting tasks in construction. ERGONOMICS 2020; 63:1571-1583. [PMID: 32772644 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2020.1807614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Postural instability is a major contributor to fatal and nonfatal falls in the construction industry. This study investigated the effects of working posture, lifting load and standing surface on perceived postural instability. Thirty young males performed simulated lifting tasks in construction using six different postures under four experimental conditions (2 loads × 2 surfaces). Results showed working postures with bending at the waist and overhead carrying were associated with high postural instability. With lifting load and inclined standing surface both significantly increased postural instability for all working postures except the full squatting. Full squatting with lifting load was more stable than without load for the flat surface, but opposite for the inclined surface. These findings indicate three investigated factors had not only significant main effects, but also complicated interaction effects on postural instability, implying that all three factors should be considered simultaneously for the real practice on fall prevention in construction. Practitioner summary: The leading causes of worker deaths in the construction industry were falls. This study showed that working postures with waist bending and overhead carrying were associated with high postural instability. With lifting load and inclined standing surface both significantly increased postural instability for all working postures except the full squatting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Guo
- Department of Safety Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuping Xiong
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Human Factors and Ergonomics Laboratory, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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13
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Resolving Position Ambiguity of IMU-Based Human Pose with a Single RGB Camera. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20195453. [PMID: 32977436 PMCID: PMC7582626 DOI: 10.3390/s20195453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human motion capture (MoCap) plays a key role in healthcare and human–robot collaboration. Some researchers have combined orientation measurements from inertial measurement units (IMUs) and positional inference from cameras to reconstruct the 3D human motion. Their works utilize multiple cameras or depth sensors to localize the human in three dimensions. Such multiple cameras are not always available in our daily life, but just a single camera attached in a smart IP devices has recently been popular. Therefore, we present a 3D pose estimation approach from IMUs and a single camera. In order to resolve the depth ambiguity of the single camera configuration and localize the global position of the subject, we present a constraint which optimizes the foot-ground contact points. The timing and 3D positions of the ground contact are calculated from the acceleration of IMUs on foot and geometric transformation of foot position detected on image, respectively. Since the results of pose estimation is greatly affected by the failure of the detection, we design the image-based constraints to handle the outliers of positional estimates. We evaluated the performance of our approach on public 3D human pose dataset. The experiments demonstrated that the proposed constraints contributed to improve the accuracy of pose estimation in single and multiple camera setting.
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The effect of a knee brace in dynamic motion-An instrumented gait analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238722. [PMID: 32911488 PMCID: PMC7482934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common problem in the older population. To reduce pain and stress in the affected knee joint compartment, a functional knee brace is often prescribed by physicians to protect it from high loads. Objectives An instrumented gait analysis should evaluate how the 4-point knee orthosis for varus or valgus load relief (M.4s OA) changes the kinematics of the knee, especially in the frontal plane. Methods 17 healthy participants took part and were analyzed with an inertial sensor system (MyoMotion) giving continuous, objective information on the anatomical angles. The measurements were made both without wearing a knee brace and with the brace in different settings. Results The results show a significant reduction in the maximum knee abduction and raised knee adduction. The knee brace, with a strong adjustment in varus or valgus orientation, caused a shift of maximum ab-/adduction in the proposed direction in 69% and 75% of the dynamic tests, respectively. The knee motion in the frontal plane shows individual movement patterns. Conclusion The use of the brace leads to significant changes in the knee’s movement. Patient-specific movement patterns may explain different effects of functional knee braces on individual persons. Inertial sensors have been shown to be a low-cost, easy-to-use option for individual movement analysis and further personalized therapy.
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Guaitolini M, Aprigliano F, Mannini A, Micera S, Monaco V, Sabatini AM. Ambulatory Assessment of the Dynamic Margin of Stability Using an Inertial Sensor Network. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19194117. [PMID: 31547624 PMCID: PMC6806087 DOI: 10.3390/s19194117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Loss of stability is a precursor to falling and therefore represents a leading cause of injury, especially in fragile people. Thus, dynamic stability during activities of daily living (ADLs) needs to be considered to assess balance control and fall risk. The dynamic margin of stability (MOS) is often used as an indicator of how the body center of mass is located and moves relative to the base of support. In this work, we propose a magneto-inertial measurement unit (MIMU)-based method to assess the MOS of a gait. Six young healthy subjects were asked to walk on a treadmill at different velocities while wearing MIMUs on their lower limbs and pelvis. We then assessed the MOS by computing the lower body displacement with respect to the leading inverse kinematics approach. The results were compared with those obtained using a camera-based system in terms of root mean square deviation (RMSD) and correlation coefficient (ρ). We obtained a RMSD of ≤1.80 cm and ρ ≥ 0.85 for each walking velocity. The findings revealed that our method is comparable to camera-based systems in terms of accuracy, suggesting that it may represent a strategy to assess stability during ADLs in unstructured environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelangelo Guaitolini
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Federica Aprigliano
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andrea Mannini
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvestro Micera
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Vito Monaco
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milan, Italy.
| | - Angelo Maria Sabatini
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
- Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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Ghislieri M, Gastaldi L, Pastorelli S, Tadano S, Agostini V. Wearable Inertial Sensors to Assess Standing Balance: A Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E4075. [PMID: 31547181 PMCID: PMC6806601 DOI: 10.3390/s19194075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors are de facto revolutionizing the assessment of standing balance. The aim of this work is to review the state-of-the-art literature that adopts this new posturographic paradigm, i.e., to analyse human postural sway through inertial sensors directly worn on the subject body. After a systematic search on PubMed and Scopus databases, two raters evaluated the quality of 73 full-text articles, selecting 47 high-quality contributions. A good inter-rater reliability was obtained (Cohen's kappa = 0.79). This selection of papers was used to summarize the available knowledge on the types of sensors used and their positioning, the data acquisition protocols and the main applications in this field (e.g., "active aging", biofeedback-based rehabilitation for fall prevention, and the management of Parkinson's disease and other balance-related pathologies), as well as the most adopted outcome measures. A critical discussion on the validation of wearable systems against gold standards is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ghislieri
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Laura Gastaldi
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Stefano Pastorelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Shigeru Tadano
- National Institute of Technology, Hakodate College, Hakodatate 042-8501, Japan.
- Division of Human Mechanical Systems and Design, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan.
| | - Valentina Agostini
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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Yu X, Xiong S. A Dynamic Time Warping Based Algorithm to Evaluate Kinect-Enabled Home-Based Physical Rehabilitation Exercises for Older People. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19132882. [PMID: 31261746 PMCID: PMC6651850 DOI: 10.3390/s19132882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Older people face difficulty engaging in conventional rehabilitation exercises for improving physical functions over a long time period due to the passive nature of the conventional exercise, inconvenience, and cost. This study aims to develop and validate a dynamic time warping (DTW) based algorithm for assessing Kinect-enabled home-based physical rehabilitation exercises, in order to support auto-coaching in a virtual gaming environment. A DTW-based algorithm was first applied to compute motion similarity between two time series from an individual user and a virtual coach. We chose eight bone vectors of the human skeleton and body orientation as the input features and proposed a simple but innovative method to further convert the DTW distance to a meaningful performance score in terms of the percentage (0-100%), without training data and experience of experts. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was validated through a follow-up experiment with 21 subjects when playing a Tai Chi exergame. Results showed that the algorithm scores had a strong positive linear relationship (r = 0.86) with experts' ratings and the calibrated algorithm scores were comparable to the gold standard. These findings suggested that the DTW-based algorithm could be effectively used for automatic performance evaluation of an individual when performing home-based rehabilitation exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqun Yu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Shuping Xiong
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.
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