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Xhanari K, Finšgar M. Recent advances in the modification of electrodes for trace metal analysis: a review. Analyst 2023; 148:5805-5821. [PMID: 37697964 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This review paper summarizes the research published in the last five years on using different compounds and/or materials as modifiers for electrodes employed in trace heavy metal analysis. The main groups of modifiers are identified, and their single or combined application on the surface of the electrodes is discussed. Nanomaterials, film-forming substances, and polymers are among the most used compounds employed mainly in the modification of glassy carbon, screen-printed, and carbon paste electrodes. Composites composed of several compounds and/or materials have also found growing interest in the development of modified electrodes. Environmentally friendly substances and natural products (mainly biopolymers and plant extracts) have continued to be included in the modification of electrodes for trace heavy metal analysis. The main analytical performance parameters of the modified electrodes as well as possible interferences affecting the determination of the target analytes, are discussed. Finally, a critical evaluation of the main findings from these studies and an outlook discussing possible improvements in this area of research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klodian Xhanari
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Boulevard "Zogu I", 1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Rubino A, Queirós R. Electrochemical determination of heavy metal ions applying screen-printed electrodes based sensors. A review on water and environmental samples analysis. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2023.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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3
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Screen-printed electrochemical sensors for environmental monitoring of heavy metal ion detection. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Heavy metal ions (HMIs) are known to cause severe damages to the human body and ecological environment. And considering the current alarming situation, it is crucial to develop a rapid, sensitive, robust, economical and convenient method for their detection. Screen printed electrochemical technology contributes greatly to this task, and has achieved global attention. It enabled the mass transmission rate and demonstrated ability to control the chemical nature of the measure media. Besides, the technique offers advantages like linear output, quick response, high selectivity, sensitivity and stability along with low power requirement and high signal-to-noise ratio. Recently, the performance of SPEs has been improved employing the most effective and promising method of the incorporation of different nanomaterials into SPEs. Especially, in electrochemical sensors, the incorporation of nanomaterials has gained extensive attention for HMIs detection as it exhibits outstanding features like broad electrochemical window, large surface area, high conductivity, selectivity and stability. The present review focuses on the recent progress in the field of screen-printed electrochemical sensors for HMIs detection using nanomaterials. Different fabrication methods of SPEs and their utilization for real sample analysis of HMIs using various nanomaterials have been extensively discussed. Additionally, advancement made in this field is also discussed taking help of the recent literature.
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Tajik S, Beitollahi H. Hydrothermal synthesis of CuFe 2O 4 nanoparticles for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of sunset yellow. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 165:113048. [PMID: 35523384 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The sunset yellow, as a synthetic food coloring azo dye, was detected in the present work using a new sensitive and selective sensor based on the modification of screen-printed electrode surface with Copper ferrite nanoparticles (CuFe2O4/SPE). Thus, a facile hydrothermal protocol was performed to prepare the CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, followed by characterization applying valid techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Chronoamperometry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were employed to determine the electrochemical behavior of as-fabricated sensor. According to the electrochemical findings, a greater anodic peak current was found for the sunset yellow oxidation on the CuFe2O4/SPE than that on the unmodified SPE. The electrocatalytic response for the sunset yellow oxidation on the CuFe2O4/SPE in phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH = 7.0) was effective, with an excellent sensitivity (0.1919 μA μM-1). There was a linear relationship between the voltammetric current and different sunset yellow concentrations (0.03-100.0 μM). The calculated limit of detection (LOD = 3Sb/m) for the sunset yellow was 0.009 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Tajik
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Hadi Beitollahi
- Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.
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Mohamad Nor N, Arivalakan S, Zakaria ND, Nilamani N, Lockman Z, Abdul Razak K. Self-Assembled Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Modified APTES-ITO Electrode for Simultaneous Stripping Analysis of Cd(II) and Pb(II) Ions. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3823-3833. [PMID: 35128290 PMCID: PMC8812099 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
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Carboxyl (−COOH)-stabilized
iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs)
synthesized through co-precipitation were used to modify an indium
tin oxide (ITO) electrode, which was chemically functionalized with
3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) for heavy metal detection. The
effect of soaking time (30, 60, 90, and 120 min) of IONP-COOH self-assembled
on an APTES-ITO electrode was studied. Cyclic voltammetry and scanning
electron microscopy were applied to analyze the electrochemical properties
and morphologies of IONP-COOH/APTES-ITO modified electrode. The modified
electrodes were then employed for the simultaneous detection of Cd(II)
and Pb(II) by using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. At 90
min of soaking time, excellent electrochemical performance and larger
effective surface area (Ae) were obtained.
The linear range for the simultaneous detection of Cd(II) and Pb(II)
ions using the modified electrode was 10–100 ppb with limits
of detection of 0.90 and 0.60 ppb, respectively. The interference
study revealed a low interference effect from Cr(III), Hg(II), Zn(II),
Cu(II), Mg(II), Na(I), and K(I) toward the simultaneous detection
of Cd(II) and Pb(II). Finally, the IONP-COOH/APTES-ITO-modified electrode
was applied to analyze seawater samples and was able to simultaneously
detect Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noorhashimah Mohamad Nor
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Sarasijah Arivalakan
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Dyana Zakaria
- NanoBiotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nithiyaa Nilamani
- Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zainovia Lockman
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Khairunisak Abdul Razak
- School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- NanoBiotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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Gong Z, Chan HT, Chen Q, Chen H. Application of Nanotechnology in Analysis and Removal of Heavy Metals in Food and Water Resources. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071792. [PMID: 34361182 PMCID: PMC8308365 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Toxic heavy metal contamination in food and water from environmental pollution is a significant public health issue. Heavy metals do not biodegrade easily yet can be enriched hundreds of times by biological magnification, where toxic substances move up the food chain and eventually enter the human body. Nanotechnology as an emerging field has provided significant improvement in heavy metal analysis and removal from complex matrices. Various techniques have been adapted based on nanomaterials for heavy metal analysis, such as electrochemical, colorimetric, fluorescent, and biosensing technology. Multiple categories of nanomaterials have been utilized for heavy metal removal, such as metal oxide nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, graphene and derivatives, and carbon nanotubes. Nanotechnology-based heavy metal analysis and removal from food and water resources has the advantages of wide linear range, low detection and quantification limits, high sensitivity, and good selectivity. There is a need for easy and safe field application of nanomaterial-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Gong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.G.); (H.T.C.)
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hiu Ting Chan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.G.); (H.T.C.)
| | - Qilei Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.G.); (H.T.C.)
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (H.C.); Tel.: +852-6649-4275 (Q.C.); +852-3411-2060 (H.C.)
| | - Hubiao Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong 999077, China; (Z.G.); (H.T.C.)
- Correspondence: (Q.C.); (H.C.); Tel.: +852-6649-4275 (Q.C.); +852-3411-2060 (H.C.)
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Zhou J, Wang Q, Liu F, Xiong S. Electroanalysis of Cd2+ and Pb2+ Based on Bi/Fe3O4/RTIL Electrode. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Tan Z, Wu W, Feng C, Wu H, Zhang Z. Simultaneous determination of heavy metals by an electrochemical method based on a nanocomposite consisting of fluorinated graphene and gold nanocage. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:414. [PMID: 32602018 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorinated graphene/gold nanocage (FGP/AuNC) nanocomposite was developed for simultaneous determination of heavy metals using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Under optimized conditions, with a buffer pH of 5.0, a deposition potential of - 1.25 V, and a deposition time of 140 s, the method can obtain the best results. The FGP/AuNC electrode exhibits low limits of detection (0.08, 0.09, 0.05, 0.19, 0.01 μg L-1), wide linear ranges (6-7000, 4-6000, 6-5000, 4-4000, 6-5000 μg L-1), and well-separated stripping peaks (at - 1.10, - 0.77, - 0.50, - 0.01, 0.31 V vs Ag/AgCl) towards Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+, respectively. Furthermore, the FGP/AuNC electrode is also used for simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ in real samples (peanut, rape bolt, and tea). Highly consistent results are found between the electrochemical method and atomic fluorescence spectrometry/inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of heavy metal ions in agricultural food. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of simultaneous determination of heavy metal ions by electrochemical method. The FGP/AuNC (fluorinated graphene/gold nanocage) electrode is used to simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+ by square wave anode stripping voltammetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Tan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response in Hubei Province, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.,Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Wenqin Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Chuanqi Feng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response in Hubei Province, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response in Hubei Province, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China.,Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, 430062, China
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Mattioli IA, Cervini P, Cavalheiro ÉTG. Screen-printed disposable electrodes using graphite-polyurethane composites modified with magnetite and chitosan-coated magnetite nanoparticles for voltammetric epinephrine sensing: a comparative study. Mikrochim Acta 2020; 187:318. [PMID: 32388628 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Disposable screen-printed electrodes based on the use of graphite-polyurethane composites modified with magnetite nanoparticles (MNP-SPE) or chitosan-coated magnetite nanoparticles (CHMNP-SPE) are described. The MNP and CHMNP were synthetized and comparatively characterized by TEM, XRD, FTIR, and TGA/DTG. The MNP-SPE and CHMNP-SPE were characterized by SEM and EDX. After optimization of the MNP percentage in MNP-SPE, the materials were electrochemically characterized by cyclic voltammetry, EIS, and chronocoulometry. The electrodes were tested for their performance towards sensing of epinephrine (EP). The CHMNP-SPE is found to have better electrochemical responses in comparison to the MNP-SPE. This is assumed to be due to the chitosan coating which also protects the MNPs from oxidation under air and at different applied potential fields. The performances of the MNP-SPE and CHMNP-SPE were studied by DPV after optimization of equilibration time and DPV parameters. Response is linear in the 0.1-0.8 μM EP concentration range, at 0.03 V (vs. pseudo-Ag/AgCl), and the detection limit is 25 nM for the MNP-SPE. The linear response for the CHMNP-SPE was 0.1-0.6 μM, at 0.0 V (vs. pseudo-Ag/AgCl), and a LOD of 14 nM was achieved. The devices were used for the quantification of EP in synthetic urine and in cerebrospinal synthetic fluids. Recoveries from spiked samples are in the 95.6-102.2% range for the CHMNP-SPE and in the 98.3-109% range for MNP-SPE. The stability of the respective sensors was investigated and compared over a period of 5 months. The EP peak currents were found to decrease by only 4% for the CHMNP-SPE, while the MNP-SPE lost 23% of its EP peak current. Accordingly, the CHMNP-SPE was chosen as the most stable and sensitive sensor for EP. Graphical abstract Schematic figure of modification of a graphite-polyurethane screen-printed composite electrode with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) and chitosan-coated magnetite nanoparticles (CHMNPs) for the voltammetric determination of epinephrine (EP). Improved response of CHMNP-SPE (black voltammogram) in comparison to MNP-SPE (red voltammogram) was attributed to the protection of MNP from oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela A Mattioli
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Priscila Cervini
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Éder T G Cavalheiro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, CEP 13566-590, Brazil.
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Liu X, Yao Y, Ying Y, Ping J. Recent advances in nanomaterial-enabled screen-printed electrochemical sensors for heavy metal detection. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li Y, Wang Z, Sun L, Liu L, Xu C, Kuang H. Nanoparticle-based sensors for food contaminants. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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