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Singh D, Dikshit AK, Kumar S. Smart technological options in collection and transportation of municipal solid waste in urban areas: A mini review. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2024; 42:3-15. [PMID: 37246550 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231175816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid increase in quantities and the mismanagement of municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries are increasing the environmental impacts such as air, water and soil contamination. The present scenario of MSW management deals with numerous issues such as lack of technological resources, strategical management, social awareness, public participation, etc. Globally, numerous efforts in the form of new policies, schemes and regulatory acts have been made to develop a systematic collection and transportation (C&T) method using advanced, integrated technologies. However, very few studies have addressed this issue for low- and middle-income countries due to the lack of availability of reliable resources and data sets. This paper addresses the present challenges in C&T methods and highlights the application of information communication technology in monitoring, capturing, data management, planning, live tracking and communication. This systematic mini-review is based on the availability of technical resources, consumer acceptance and cost-effectiveness of different technologies in managing the processes. The study revealed that the C&T methods in most developed countries are designed based on their geographical stretch, climatic factors, waste characteristics and compatible technology, resulting in sustainable MSW management. However, developing countries have followed the same monotonous approach in managing their MSW, which fails in C&T process. The case study provides a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers to frame a better C&T process based on the recent technological interventions, infrastructure development, and social and economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deval Singh
- Environmental Science & Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anil Kumar Dikshit
- Environmental Science & Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
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2
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Dynamic routing for efficient waste collection in resource constrained societies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2365. [PMID: 36759701 PMCID: PMC9911784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Waste collection in developing nations faces multi-fold challenges, such as resource constraints and real-time changes in waste values, while finding the optimal routes. This paper attempts to address these challenges by modeling real-time waste values in smart bins and Collection Vehicles (CV). Further, waste value prioritized routes for coordinated CV, during various time intervals are modeled in a multi-agent environment for finding good routes. The CV, as agents, implement the formulated linear program to maximize the collected waste while minimizing the distance to the central depot. The city of Chandigarh, India, was divided into regions and the model was implemented to achieve significantly better performance in terms of waste collected in less distance and total bins covered when compared to the existing scenario. The stakeholders can use the outcomes to effectively plan the resources for better collection practices, which will have a positive impact on the environment.
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3
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Khan F, Ali Y. A facilitating framework for a developing country to adopt smart waste management in the context of circular economy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:26336-26351. [PMID: 34850345 PMCID: PMC8632210 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
To achieve higher standards of sustainability, the waste management sector now requires the incorporation of circular economy (CE) principles. However, an easy transition toward the particular goal would require the use of smart waste technologies. To achieve the aforementioned goal, this study aims to provide a facilitating framework for the adoption of smart waste management in the context of CE for Pakistan. To help Pakistan transition toward the new paradigm, a total of 16 critical facilitators are evaluated based on five distinctive criteria using a novel fuzzy hybrid multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach. The hybrid MCDM approach includes fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) for allocating weights to the determined criteria; whereas, the fuzzy VIšekriterijumsko kompromisno rangiranje (VIKOR) approach is used to rank the critical facilitators adopted from the secondary literature. The fuzzy approach in both cases is to deal with any kind of uncertainty during the data collection process. Based on the achieved results, the study suggests that before the application of smart waste technologies in the country, Pakistan should first focus on devising regulations that effectively address the mismanagement of waste produced in the country. Also, the industries in the country need to become more responsible and should adopt environmental management systems that foster waste minimization. Lastly, the country in the third phase should focus on the wide application of digitalization both in the streams of ICT and IoT, for collecting, sharing, and receiving waste data. The study further provides policy recommendations to the respective stakeholders that will help the country achieve zero-waste CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroz Khan
- School of Management Sciences, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Swabi, KPK Pakistan
| | - Yousaf Ali
- School of Management Sciences, Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Swabi, KPK Pakistan
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4
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Vishnu S, Ramson SRJ, Rukmini MSS, Abu-Mahfouz AM. Sensor-Based Solid Waste Handling Systems: A Survey. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:2340. [PMID: 35336511 PMCID: PMC8949905 DOI: 10.3390/s22062340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of swiftly growing populations in the urban areas, larger quantities of solid waste also form rapidly. Since urban local bodies are found to be unable to manage this perilous situation effectively, there is a high probability of risks relative to the environment and public health. A sudden change is indispensable in the existing systems that are developed for the collection, transportation, and disposal of solid waste, which are entangled in turmoil. However, Smart sensors and wireless technology enable cyber-physical systems to automate solid waste management, which will revolutionize the industry. This work presents a comprehensive study on the evolution of automation approaches in solid waste management systems. This study is enhanced by dissecting the available literature in solid waste management with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), and Internet of Things (IoT)-based approaches and analyzing each category with a typical architecture, respectively. In addition, various communication technologies adopted in the aforementioned categories are critically analyzed to identify the best choice for the deployment of trash bins. From the survey, it is inferred that IoT-based systems are superior to other design approaches, and LoRaWAN is identified as the preferred communication protocol for the automation of solid waste handling systems in urban areas. Furthermore, the critical open research issues on state-of-the-art solid waste handling systems are identified and future directions to address the same topic are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vishnu
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur 522213, India; (S.V.); (M.S.S.R.)
| | - S. R. Jino Ramson
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal 466114, India
| | - M. S. S. Rukmini
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignan’s Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur 522213, India; (S.V.); (M.S.S.R.)
| | - Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0184, South Africa;
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg 0001, South Africa
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The Scandinavian Third Way as a Proposal for Sustainable Smart City Development—A Case Study of Aarhus City. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14063495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The practical implementation of the goals of smart sustainable cities has different forms. This paper explores an example of the Danish smart city Aarhus, through which the so-called ‘Scandinavian third way’ of smart city development is being proposed. The foundations of the ‘third way’ are directly derived from the Scandinavian tradition of cooperation; it is supposed to be an alternative to the more commercial American model and the more centrally-controlled Asian tradition. The paper aims to identify how the Scandinavian collaborative model has influenced the process of developing the smart city Aarhus, to analyse the proposed ‘Scandinavian third way’ of smart city development, and finally to assess its applicability in other urban centres. To achieve these goals, the method of literature analysis and a case study along with qualitative analysis of existing data and individual in-depth interviews with decision makers and observers of political life were applied. As the results show, the Scandinavian tradition of governance and political decision-making present in Denmark is not without significance for the functioning form of the smart city of Aarhus. Its foundations have been adopted by the Aarhus municipality in the implementation of its smart city activities, creating a unique modern city management model.
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A 5G-Enabled Smart Waste Management System for University Campus. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21248278. [PMID: 34960367 PMCID: PMC8709486 DOI: 10.3390/s21248278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Future university campuses will be characterized by a series of novel services enabled by the vision of Internet of Things, such as smart parking and smart libraries. In this paper, we propose a complete solution for a smart waste management system with the purpose of increasing the recycling rate in the campus and provide better management of the entire waste cycle. The system is based on a prototype of a smart waste bin, able to accurately classify pieces of trash typically produced in the campus premises with a hybrid sensor/image classification algorithm, as well as automatically segregate the different waste materials. We discuss the entire design of the system prototype, from the analysis of requirements to the implementation details and we evaluate its performance in different scenarios. Finally, we discuss advanced application functionalities built around the smart waste bin, such as optimized maintenance scheduling.
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Abstract
Experts confirm that 85% of the world’s population is expected to live in cities by 2050. Therefore, cities should be prepared to satisfy the needs of their citizens and provide the best services. The idea of a city of the future is commonly represented by the smart city, which is a more efficient system that optimizes its resources and services, through the use of monitoring and communication technology. Thus, one of the steps towards sustainability for cities around the world is to make a transition into smart cities. Here, sensors play an important role in the system, as they gather relevant information from the city, citizens, and the corresponding communication networks that transfer the information in real-time. Although the use of these sensors is diverse, their application can be categorized in six different groups: energy, health, mobility, security, water, and waste management. Based on these groups, this review presents an analysis of different sensors that are typically used in efforts toward creating smart cities. Insights about different applications and communication systems are provided, as well as the main opportunities and challenges faced when making a transition to a smart city. Ultimately, this process is not only about smart urban infrastructure, but more importantly about how these new sensing capabilities and digitization developments improve quality of life. Smarter communities are those that socialize, adapt, and invest through transparent and inclusive community engagement in these technologies based on local and regional societal needs and values. Cyber security disruptions and privacy remain chief vulnerabilities.
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Akram SV, Singh R, AlZain MA, Gehlot A, Rashid M, Faragallah OS, El-Shafai W, Prashar D. Performance Analysis of IoT and Long-Range Radio-Based Sensor Node and Gateway Architecture for Solid Waste Management. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21082774. [PMID: 33920008 PMCID: PMC8071010 DOI: 10.3390/s21082774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Long-range radio (LoRa) communication is a widespread communication protocol that offers long range transmission and low data rates with minimum power consumption. In the context of solid waste management, only a low amount of data needs to be sent to the remote server. With this advantage, we proposed architecture for designing and developing a customized sensor node and gateway based on LoRa technology for realizing the filling level of the bins with minimal energy consumption. We evaluated the energy consumption of the proposed architecture by simulating it on the Framework for LoRa (FLoRa) simulation by varying distinct fundamental parameters of LoRa communication. This paper also provides the distinct evaluation metrics of the the long-range data rate, time on-air (ToA), LoRa sensitivity, link budget, and battery life of sensor node. Finally, the paper concludes with a real-time experimental setup, where we can receive the sensor data on the cloud server with a customized sensor node and gateway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Vaseem Akram
- School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.V.A.); (R.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Rajesh Singh
- School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.V.A.); (R.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Mohammed A. AlZain
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Anita Gehlot
- School of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; (S.V.A.); (R.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Mamoon Rashid
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India;
- Correspondence: (M.A.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Osama S. Faragallah
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Walid El-Shafai
- Department Electronics and Electrical Communications, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt;
| | - Deepak Prashar
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar 144411, India;
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Baldo D, Mecocci A, Parrino S, Peruzzi G, Pozzebon A. A Multi-Layer LoRaWAN Infrastructure for Smart Waste Management. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21082600. [PMID: 33917255 PMCID: PMC8068086 DOI: 10.3390/s21082600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) has rapidly become one of the key enabling technologies for the development of Internet of Things (IoT) architectures. A wide range of different solutions relying on this communication technology can be found in the literature: nevertheless, the most part of these architectures focus on single task systems. Conversely, the aim of this paper is to present the architecture of a LoRaWAN infrastructure gathering under the same network different typologies of services within one of the most significant sub-systems of the Smart City ecosystem (i.e., the Smart Waste Management). The proposed architecture exploits the whole range of different LoRaWAN classes, integrating nodes of growing complexity according to the different functions. The lowest level of this architecture is occupied by smart bins that simply collect data about their status. Moving on to upper levels, smart drop-off containers allow the interaction with users as well as the implementation of asynchronous downlink queries. At the top level, Video Surveillance Units (VSUs) are provided with machine learning capabilities for the detection of the presence of fire nearby bins or drop-off containers, thus fully implementing the Edge Computing paradigm. The proposed network infrastructure and its subsystems have been tested in a laboratory and in the field. This study has enhanced the readiness level of the proposed technology to Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 3.
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10
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LoRaWAN and Urban Waste Management-A Trial. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21062142. [PMID: 33803900 PMCID: PMC8003211 DOI: 10.3390/s21062142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The city of Lisbon, as any other capital of a European country, has a large number of issues regarding managing waste and recycling containers spread throughout the city. This document presents the results of a study promoted by the Lisbon City Council for trialing LPWAN (Low-Power Wide-Area Network) technology for the waste management vertical under the Lisbon Smart City initiative. Current waste management is done using GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) sensors, and the municipality aims to use LPWAN in order to improve range and reduce costs and provisioning times when changing the communications provider. After an initial study, LoRa (Long Range) and LoRAWAN (LoRa Wide Area Network) as its network counterpart, were selected as the LPWAN technology for trials considering several use cases, exploring multiple distances, types of recycling waste containers, placements (underground or surface) and kinds of commercially available waste level measurement LoRa sensors. The results showed that the underground waste containers proved to be, as expected, the most difficult to operate correctly, where the container itself imposed attenuation levels of 26 dB on the LoRa link budget. The successful results were used to promote the deployment of a city-wide LoRa network, available to all the departments inside the Lisbon City Council. Considering the network capacity, the municipality also decided to make the network freely available to citizens.
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Liu L, Liao W. Optimization and profit distribution in a two-echelon collaborative waste collection routing problem from economic and environmental perspective. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 120:400-414. [PMID: 33127279 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In order to reduce waste collection costs and realize sustainable urban development, this paper investigates a two-echelon collaborative waste collection vehicle routing problem (2E-CWCVRP), considering the cooperation and profit distribution between participants in the collection network. An optimization model for 2E-CWCVRP with the aim to minimize total costs and carbon emissions is constructed. Then, a three-stage solution approach is developed to solve this model, including a k-means clustering for simplifying the problem, and a hybrid heuristic for searching the optimal vehicle routes based on Clarke & Wright algorithm and an adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm (CW-ALNS). Finally, an improved Shapley value model is constructed for determining the costs and carbon emissions reduction amount and the best alliance sequence of each participant. The experiment results indicate that: (1) the effectiveness of CW-ALNS algorithm is verified through the benchmark instances; (2) the costs and carbon emissions of the collection network could be reduced simultaneously after the implementation of cooperation; (3) constructing a large collection and transfer network is more efficient than dividing the network into several individual parts. Finally, different alliance sequences are analyzed from the economics and environment perspective and the best alliance sequences are determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Engineering Management, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Wenzhu Liao
- Department of Engineering Management, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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Sergi D, Ucal Sari I. Prioritization of public services for digitalization using fuzzy Z-AHP and fuzzy Z-WASPAS. COMPLEX INTELL SYST 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40747-020-00239-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn this paper, public services are analyzed for implementations of Industry 4.0 tools to satisfy citizen expectations. To be able to prioritize public services for digitalization, fuzzy Z-AHP and fuzzy Z-WASPAS are used in the analysis. The decision criteria are determined as reduced cost, fast response, ease of accessibility, reduced service times, increase in the available information and increased quality. After obtaining criteria weights using fuzzy Z-AHP, health care services, waste disposal department, public transportation, information services, social care services, and citizen complaints resolution centers are compared using fuzzy Z-WASPAS that is proposed for the first time in this paper. Results show that health care services have dominant importance for the digitalization among public services.
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13
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On the Use of LoRaWAN for the Monitoring and Control of Distributed Energy Resources in a Smart Campus. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The application of the most recent advances of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology to the automation of buildings is emerging as a promising solution to achieve greater efficiencies in energy consumption, and to allow the realization of sustainable models. The application of IoT has been demonstrated as effective in many fields, such as confirmed, for instance, by the Industry 4.0 concepts, which are revolutionizing modern production chains. By following this approach, the use of distributed control architectures and of IoT technologies (both wired and wireless) would result in effective solutions for the management of smart environments composed of groups of buildings, such as campuses. In this case, heterogeneous IoT solutions are typically adopted to satisfy the requirements of the very diverse possible scenarios (e.g., indoor versus outdoor coverage, mobile versus fixed nodes, just to mention a few), making their large-scale integration cumbersome. To cope with this issue, this paper presents an IoT architecture able to transparently manage different communication protocols in smart environments, and investigates its possible application for the monitoring and control of distributed energy resources in a smart campus. In particular, a use–case focused on the integration of the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology is considered to cope with heterogeneous indoor and outdoor communication scenarios. The feasibility analysis of the proposed solution is carried out by computing the scalability limits of the approach, based on the proposed smart campus data model. The results of the study showed that the proposed solution would be able to manage more than 10,000 nodes. An experimental validation of the LoRaWAN technology confirms its suitability in terms of coverage and latency, with a minimum LoRaWAN cell coverage range of 250 m, and a communication latency of about 400 ms. Finally, the advantages of the proposed solution in the supervision and management of a PV system are highlighted in a real-world scenario.
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Souza Bezerra N, Åhlund C, Saguna S, de Sousa VA. Temperature Impact in LoRaWAN-A Case Study in Northern Sweden. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19204414. [PMID: 31614808 PMCID: PMC6833474 DOI: 10.3390/s19204414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
LoRaWAN has become popular as an IoT enabler. The low cost, ease of installation and the capacity of fine-tuning the parameters make this network a suitable candidate for the deployment of smart cities. In northern Sweden, in the smart region of Skellefteå, we have deployed a LoRaWAN to enable IoT applications to assist the lives of citizens. As Skellefteå has a subarctic climate, we investigate how the extreme changes in the weather happening during a year affect a real LoRaWAN deployment in terms of SNR, RSSI and the use of SF when ADR is enabled. Additionally, we evaluate two propagation models (Okumura-Hata and ITM) and verify if any of those models fit the measurements obtained from our real-life network. Our results regarding the weather impact show that cold weather improves the SNR while warm weather makes the sensors select lower SFs, to minimize the time-on-air. Regarding the tested propagation models, Okumura-Hata has the best fit to our data, while ITM tends to overestimate the RSSI values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Níbia Souza Bezerra
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 93187 Skellefteå, Sweden; (C.Å.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christer Åhlund
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 93187 Skellefteå, Sweden; (C.Å.); (S.S.)
| | - Saguna Saguna
- Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 93187 Skellefteå, Sweden; (C.Å.); (S.S.)
| | - Vicente A. de Sousa
- Communication Engineering Department (DCO), Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), 59078-970 Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil;
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15
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Smart Agriculture Using IoT Multi-Sensors: A Novel Watering Management System. JOURNAL OF SENSOR AND ACTUATOR NETWORKS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/jsan8030045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) are helping to make water management smarter and optimizing consumption in the smart agriculture industry. This article proposes a new topology of sensor nodes based on the use of inexpensive and highly efficient components, such as water level, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and rain sensors. Additionally, to guarantee good performance of the system, the used transmission module is based on LoRa LPWAN technology. The design of the main circuit board of the system is optimized by combining two layers and implementing software optimization. The overall sensor network is developed and tested in the research lab, and real farms can be controlled by users manually or automatically using the mobile application. Experimental results are produced by testing sensor and communication link effectiveness, and are subsequently validated in the field through a one-week measurement campaign.
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16
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Bueno-Delgado MV, Romero-Gázquez JL, Jiménez P, Pavón-Mariño P. Optimal Path Planning for Selective Waste Collection in Smart Cities. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19091973. [PMID: 31035549 PMCID: PMC6539127 DOI: 10.3390/s19091973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Waste collection is one of the targets of smart cities. It is a daily task in urban areas and it entails the planning of waste truck routes, taking into account environmental, economic and social factors. In this work, an optimal path planning algorithm has been developed together with a practical software platform for smart and sustainable cities that enables computing the optimal waste collection routes, minimizing the impact, both environmental (CO2 emissions and acoustic damage) and socioeconomic (number of trucks to be used and fuel consumption). The algorithm is executed in Net2Plan, an open-source planning tool, typically used for modeling and planning communication networks. Net2Plan facilitates the introduction of the city layout input information to the algorithm, automatically importing it from geographical information system (GIS) databases using the so-called Net2Plan-GIS library, which can also include positions of smart bins. The algorithm, Net2Plan tool and its extension are open-source, available in a public repository. A practical case in the city of Cartagena (Spain) is presented, where the optimal path planning for plastic waste collection is addressed. This work contributes to the urban mobility plans of smart cities and could be extended to other smart cities scenarios with requests of optimal path planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Victoria Bueno-Delgado
- Telecommunication Networks Engineering Group (GIRTEL), Department of Communications and Information Technologies, Technical University of Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain.
- E-lighthouse Network Solutions, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
| | - José-Luis Romero-Gázquez
- Telecommunication Networks Engineering Group (GIRTEL), Department of Communications and Information Technologies, Technical University of Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Pilar Jiménez
- Transportation Engineering Group, Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain.
| | - Pablo Pavón-Mariño
- Telecommunication Networks Engineering Group (GIRTEL), Department of Communications and Information Technologies, Technical University of Cartagena, 30202 Cartagena, Spain.
- E-lighthouse Network Solutions, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
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Lopez-Iturri P, Celaya-Echarri M, Azpilicueta L, Aguirre E, Astrain JJ, Villadangos J, Falcone F. Integration of Autonomous Wireless Sensor Networks in Academic School Gardens. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113621. [PMID: 30366409 PMCID: PMC6264123 DOI: 10.3390/s18113621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the combination of capabilities provided by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) with parameter observation in a school garden is employed in order to provide an environment for school garden integration as a complementary educational activity in primary schools. Wireless transceivers with energy harvesting capabilities are employed in order to provide autonomous system operation, combined with an ad-hoc implemented application called MySchoolGardenApp, based on a modular software architecture. The system enables direct parameter observation, data analysis and processing capabilities, which can be employed by students in a cloud based platform. Providing remote data access allows the adaptation of content to specific classroom/homework needs. The proposed monitoring WSN has been deployed in an orchard located in the schoolyard of a primary school, which has been built with EnOcean’s energy harvesting modules, providing an optimized node device as well network layout. For the assessment of the wireless link quality and the deployment of the modules, especially the central module which needs to receive directly the signals of all the sensor modules, simulation results obtained by an in-house developed 3D Ray Launching deterministic method have been used, providing coverage/capacity estimations applicable to the specific school environment case. Preliminary trials with MySchoolGardenApp have been performed, showing the feasibility of the proposed platform as an educational resource in schools, with application in specific natural science course content, development of technological skills and the extension of monitoring capabilities to new context-aware applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peio Lopez-Iturri
- Department of Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute for Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Mikel Celaya-Echarri
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Leyre Azpilicueta
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterrey, NL, Mexico.
| | - Erik Aguirre
- Department of Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute for Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - José J Astrain
- Institute for Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Mathematical Engineering and Computer Science, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Jesús Villadangos
- Institute for Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Mathematical Engineering and Computer Science, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Francisco Falcone
- Department of Electric, Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
- Institute for Smart Cities, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
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18
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A Compact Low-Power LoRa IoT Sensor Node with Extended Dynamic Range for Channel Measurements. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18072137. [PMID: 29970839 PMCID: PMC6068879 DOI: 10.3390/s18072137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As sub-GHz wireless Internet of Things (IoT) sensor networks set the stage for long-range, low-data-rate communication, wireless technologies such as LoRa and SigFox receive a lot of attention. They aim to offer a reliable means of communication for an extensive amount of monitoring and management applications. Recently, several studies have been conducted on their performance, but none of these feature a high dynamic range in terms of channel measurement. In this contribution an autonomous, low-power, LoRa-compatible wireless sensor node is presented. The main uses for this node are situated in LoRa channel characterization and link performance analysis. By applying stepped attenuators controlled by a dynamic attenuation adjustment algorithm, this node provides a dynamic range that is significantly larger than what is provided by commercially available LoRa modules. The node was calibrated in order to obtain accurate measurements of the received signal power in dBm. In this paper, both the hardware design as well as some verification measurements are discussed, unveiling various LoRa-related research applications and opportunities.
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