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Kabashin AV, Kravets VG, Grigorenko AN. Label-free optical biosensing: going beyond the limits. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6554-6585. [PMID: 37681251 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00155e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Label-free optical biosensing holds great promise for a variety of applications in biomedical diagnostics, environmental and food safety, and security. It is already used as a key tool in the investigation of biomolecular binding events and reaction constants in real time and offers further potential additional functionalities and low-cost designs. However, the sensitivity of this technology does not match the routinely used but expensive and slow labelling methods. Therefore, label-free optical biosensing remains predominantly a research tool. Here we discuss how one can go beyond the limits of detection provided by standard optical biosensing platforms and achieve a sensitivity of label-free biosensing that is superior to labelling methods. To this end we review newly emerging optical implementations that overcome current sensitivity barriers by employing novel structural architectures, artificial materials (metamaterials and hetero-metastructures) and using phase of light as a sensing parameter. Furthermore, we elucidate the mechanism of plasmonic phase biosensing and review hyper-sensitive transducers, which can achieve detection limits at the single molecule level (less than 1 fg mm-2) and make it possible to detect analytes at several orders of magnitude lower concentrations than so far reported in literature. We finally discuss newly emerging layouts based on dielectric nanomaterials, bound states in continuum, and exceptional points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V Kabashin
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR 7341 CNRS, LP3, Campus de Luminy-case 917, 13288, Marseille Cedex 9, France.
| | - Vasyl G Kravets
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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2
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de Araujo FJL, de Melo EF, Fontana E. Particle swarm optimizer for the surface plasmon resonance effect on metal gratings. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:6120-6130. [PMID: 37707079 DOI: 10.1364/ao.495536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the spectral dependence of optimum parameters of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect on metallized sinusoidal diffraction gratings, under normal incidence, was determined using the particle swarm optimization method. The method was chosen due to its simplicity and effectiveness in providing reliable results, relative to direct search or gradient methods. The Rayleigh's hypothesis, which restricts the analysis to the case of shallow gratings, is used to model the diffracted fields across the interface between the sensing medium and metal. A penalty function was applied to avoid the occurrence of singularities and violation of the validity of the Rayleigh hypothesis. Using this procedure, the optimum values of grating periodicity and amplitude that maximized the sensitivity function for gold, silver, copper, and aluminum-metals that yield high quality factor SPR effects-were determined in a wavelength range between 500 and 1600 nm, for both gaseous and aqueous sensing media.
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3
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Recent advances in surface plasmon resonance imaging and biological applications. Talanta 2023; 255:124213. [PMID: 36584617 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRI) is a robust technique for visualizing refractive index changes, which enables researchers to observe interactions between nanoscale objects in an imaging manner. In the past period, scholars have been attracted by the Prism-Coupled and Non-prism Coupled configurations of SPRI and have published numerous experimental results. This review describes the principle of SPRI and discusses recent developments in Prism-Coupled and Non-prism Coupled SPRI techniques in detail, respectively. And then, major advances in biological applications of SPRI are reviewed, including four sub-fields (cells, viruses, bacteria, exosomes, and biomolecules). The purpose is to briefly summarize the recent advances of SPRI and provide an outlook on the development of SPRI in various fields.
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4
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de Araújo MM, da Silva JP. The Design of a Glycerol Concentration Sensor Based on an LRSPP Hybrid Photonic Biosensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2010. [PMID: 36850608 PMCID: PMC9967682 DOI: 10.3390/s23042010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A refractive index sensor based on an on-chip silicon nitride (Si3N4) ridge waveguide long-range surface plasmon polariton (LRSPP) is theoretically designed. The waveguide sensor consists of a gold film to enable the plasmonic resonance on top of a Cytop polymer layer. A proper finite element method was used to design and optimize the geometric parameters at the optical wavelength of 633 nm. In addition, the spectral performance was evaluated using the transfer matrix method from 580 to 680 nm. The redshifted interference spectrum results from an increasing analyte refractive index. The sensitivities of 6313 dB/cm/RIU and 251.82 nm/RIU can be obtained with a 400 nm wide and 25 nm thick Au layer. The proposed sensor has the potential for point-of-care applications considering its compactness and simplicity of construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magno M. de Araújo
- Electrotechnical Department, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoro 59628-330, Brazil
| | - José P. da Silva
- Post-Graduated Program in Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
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Simone G. Trends of Biosensing: Plasmonics through Miniaturization and Quantum Sensing. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2023:1-26. [PMID: 36601882 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2022.2161813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite being extremely old concepts, plasmonics and surface plasmon resonance-based biosensors have been increasingly popular in the recent two decades due to the growing interest in nanooptics and are now of relevant significance in regards to applications associated with human health. Plasmonics integration into point-of-care devices for health surveillance has enabled significant levels of sensitivity and limit of detection to be achieved and has encouraged the expansion of the fields of study and market niches devoted to the creation of quick and incredibly sensitive label-free detection. The trend reflects in wearable plasmonic sensor development as well as point-of-care applications for widespread applications, demonstrating the potential impact of the new generation of plasmonic biosensors on human well-being through the concepts of personalized medicine and global health. In this context, the aim here is to discuss the potential, limitations, and opportunities for improvement that have arisen as a result of the integration of plasmonics into microsystems and lab-on-chip over the past five years. Recent applications of plasmonic biosensors in microsystems and sensor performance are analyzed. The final analysis focuses on the integration of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip with quantum plasmonics technology prospecting it as a promising solution for chemical and biological sensing. Here it is underlined how the research in the field of quantum plasmonic sensing for biological applications has flourished over the past decade with the aim to overcome the limits given by quantum fluctuations and noise. The significant advances in nanophotonics, plasmonics and microsystems used to create increasingly effective biosensors would continue to benefit this field if harnessed properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Simone
- Chemical Engineering, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy
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6
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Barrios CA, Mirea T, Represa MH. A Self-Referenced Refractive Index Sensor Based on Gold Nanoislands. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 23:66. [PMID: 36616664 PMCID: PMC9824277 DOI: 10.3390/s23010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We report on a self-referenced refractive index optical sensor based on Au nanoislands. The device consists of a random distribution of Au nanoislands formed by dewetting on a planar SiO2/metal Fabry-Pérot cavity. Experimental and theoretical studies of the reflectance of this configuration reveal that its spectral response results from a combination of two resonances: a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) associated to the Au nanoislands and the lowest-order anti-symmetric resonance of the Fabry-Pérot cavity. When the device is immersed in different fluids, the LSPR contribution provides high sensitivity to refractive index variations of the fluid, whereas those refractive index changes have little impact on the Fabry-Pérot resonance wavelength, allowing its use as a reference signal. The self-referenced sensor exhibits a spectral sensitivity of 212 nm/RIU (RIU: refractive index unit), which is larger than those of similar structures, and an intensity sensitivity of 4.9 RIU-1. The proposed chip-based architecture and the low cost and simplicity of the Au nanoisland synthesis procedure make the demonstrated sensor a promising self-referenced plasmonic sensor for compact biosensing optical platforms based on reflection mode operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Angulo Barrios
- Department of Photonics and Bioengineering, CEMDATIC, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Teona Mirea
- Department of Electronic Engineering, CEMDATIC, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Huerga Represa
- Department of Photonics and Bioengineering, CEMDATIC, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Urbancova P, Pudis D, Goraus M, Kovac J. IP-Dip-Based SPR Structure for Refractive Index Sensing of Liquid Analytes. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1163. [PMID: 33946890 PMCID: PMC8146640 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a two-dimensional surface plasmon resonance structure for refractive index sensing of liquid analytes. The polymer structure was designed with a period of 500 nm and prepared in a novel IP-Dip polymer by direct laser writing lithography based on a mechanism of two-photon absorption. The sample with a set of prepared IP-Dip structures was coated by 40 nm thin gold layer. The sample was encapsulated into a prototyped chip with inlet and outlet. The sensing properties were investigated by angular measurement using the prepared solutions of isopropyl alcohol in deionized water of different concentrations. Sensitivity of 478-617 nm per refractive index unit was achieved in angular arrangement at external angle of incidence of 20°.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Urbancova
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia; (D.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Dusan Pudis
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia; (D.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Matej Goraus
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia; (D.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Jaroslav Kovac
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 3, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia;
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8
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Wang Q, Yao H, Feng Y, Deng X, Yang B, Xiong D, He M, Zhang W. Surface plasmon resonances boost the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect in a CoFeB slab covered by a subwavelength gold grating for highly sensitive detectors. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:10546-10555. [PMID: 33820188 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we have theoretically investigated the sensing performance-including enormous increase in the sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM)-of a magneto-optical surface plasmon resonance (MOSPR) sensor, which is based on the transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (T-MOKE) in a ferromagnet coupled with a noble-metal grating. Specifically, we propose to use a CoFeB magnetic slab covered by a subwavelength, periodic gold grating configured as a magnetoplasmonic heterostructure. In such a device, sharp, Fano-like T-MOKE signals of high amplitude can be achieved due to the surface plasmon resonances (SPRs) excited in the presence of the gold grating, especially after optimizing the grating period. Tiny changes in the refractive index of an analyte surrounding the MOSPR sensor can be measured by analyzing the shift in the angle of incidence of the resonance positions of the T-MOKE signals. By calculating these resonance positions, we have demonstrated that it is possible to achieve a considerable sensitivity of 105° RIU-1 and a FOM as high as ∼102. Such a MOSPR sensing system can be exploited in biosensors with high detection limits.
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Lenyk B, Figueroa‐Miranda G, Pavlushko I, Lo Y, Tanner JA, Offenhäusser A, Mayer D. Dual‐Transducer Malaria Aptasensor Combining Electrochemical Impedance and Surface Plasmon Polariton Detection on Gold Nanohole Arrays. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202001212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Lenyk
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich 52428 Jülich Germany
- Department of Physics University of Konstanz 78464 Konstanz Germany
| | - Gabriela Figueroa‐Miranda
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich 52428 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Aachen 52062 Germany
| | - Ivan Pavlushko
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich 52428 Jülich Germany
- Faculty of Radio Physics Electronics and Computer Systems Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Kyiv 03680 Ukraine
| | - Young Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Julian A. Tanner
- School of Biomedical Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich 52428 Jülich Germany
- RWTH Aachen University Aachen 52062 Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-3) Forschungszentrum Jülich 52428 Jülich Germany
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10
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Yoshida M, Chida H, Kimura F, Yamamura S, Tawa K. Multi-Color Enhanced Fluorescence Imaging of a Breast Cancer Cell with A Hole-Arrayed Plasmonic Chip. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E604. [PMID: 32580380 PMCID: PMC7345455 DOI: 10.3390/mi11060604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer cells of MDA-MB-231 express various types of membrane proteins in the cell membrane. In this study, two types of membrane proteins in MDA-MB-231 cells were observed using a plasmonic chip with an epifluorescence microscope. The targeted membrane proteins were epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAMs) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Alexa®488-EGFR antibody and allophycocyanin (APC)-labeled EpCAM antibody were applied to the fluorescent detection. The plasmonic chip used in this study is composed of a two-dimensional hole-array structure, which is expected to enhance the fluorescence at different resonance wavelengths due to two kinds of grating pitches in a square side and a diagonal direction. As a result of multi-color imaging, the enhancement factor of Alexa®488-EGFR and APC-EpCAM was 13 ± 2 and 12 ± 2 times greater on the plasmonic chip, respectively. The excited wavelength or emission wavelength of each fluorescent agent is due to consistency with plasmon resonance wavelength in the hole-arrayed chip. The multi-color fluorescence images of breast cancer cells were improved by the hole-arrayed plasmonic chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Yoshida
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyōgo 669-1337, Japan; (M.Y.); (H.C.)
| | - Hinako Chida
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyōgo 669-1337, Japan; (M.Y.); (H.C.)
| | - Fukiko Kimura
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; (F.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shohei Yamamura
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14, Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-0395, Japan; (F.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Keiko Tawa
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyōgo 669-1337, Japan; (M.Y.); (H.C.)
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11
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Borile G, Rossi S, Filippi A, Gazzola E, Capaldo P, Tregnago C, Pigazzi M, Romanato F. Label-free, real-time on-chip sensing of living cells via grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance. Biophys Chem 2019; 254:106262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2019.106262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Anas NAA, Fen YW, Omar NAS, Daniyal WMEMM, Ramdzan NSM, Saleviter S. Development of Graphene Quantum Dots-Based Optical Sensor for Toxic Metal Ion Detection. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E3850. [PMID: 31489912 PMCID: PMC6766831 DOI: 10.3390/s19183850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
About 71% of the Earth's surface is covered with water. Human beings, animals, and plants need water in order to survive. Therefore, it is one of the most important substances that exist on Earth. However, most of the water resources nowadays are insufficiently clean, since they are contaminated with toxic metal ions due to the improper disposal of pollutants into water through industrial and agricultural activities. These toxic metal ions need to be detected as fast as possible so that the situation will not become more critical and cause more harm in the future. Since then, numerous sensing methods have been proposed, including chemical and optical sensors that aim to detect these toxic metal ions. All of the researchers compete with each other to build sensors with the lowest limit of detection and high sensitivity and selectivity. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have emerged as a highly potential sensing material to incorporate with the developed sensors due to the advantages of GQDs. Several recent studies showed that GQDs, functionalized GQDs, and their composites were able to enhance the optical detection of metal ions. The aim of this paper is to review the existing, latest, and updated studies on optical sensing applications of GQDs-based materials toward toxic metal ions and future developments of an excellent GQDs-based SPR sensor as an alternative toxic metal ion sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Ain Asyiqin Anas
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yap Wing Fen
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nur Alia Sheh Omar
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Nur Syahira Md Ramdzan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Silvan Saleviter
- Functional Devices Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Li Y, Lv J, Gu Q, Hu S, Li Z, Jiang X, Ying Y, Si G. Metadevices with Potential Practical Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E2651. [PMID: 31336634 PMCID: PMC6680820 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metamaterials are "new materials" with different superior physical properties, which have generated great interest and become popular in scientific research. Various designs and functional devices using metamaterials have formed a new academic world. The application concept of metamaterial is based on designing diverse physical structures that can break through the limitations of traditional optical materials and composites to achieve extraordinary material functions. Therefore, metadevices have been widely studied by the academic community recently. Using the properties of metamaterials, many functional metadevices have been well investigated and further optimized. In this article, different metamaterial structures with varying functions are reviewed, and their working mechanisms and applications are summarized, which are near-field energy transfer devices, metamaterial mirrors, metamaterial biosensors, and quantum-cascade detectors. The development of metamaterials indicates that new materials will become an important breakthrough point and building blocks for new research domains, and therefore they will trigger more practical and wide applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jiangtao Lv
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Qiongchan Gu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Sheng Hu
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Zhigang Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Yu Ying
- College of Information & Control Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China.
| | - Guangyuan Si
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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14
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Nanoplasmonic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission: Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9071497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique is a powerful method to detect chemical molecules. Fluorescent spectroscopy is a subject of great interest in the field of material science and biology. Recently, some optical sensors, based on plasmonic properties of nanomaterial, were introduced to enhance the investigation of the interaction of molecular while detecting the low concentration of molecular. The surface plasmon-coupled emission (SPCE) technique is a merit and accurate method to evaluate the interaction of nanomaterials and molecular. SPCE is based on fluorescence properties of interest molecule, and the surface plasmon enhances the fluorescence signal. According to SPR theory, the condition of excitation of fluorophore could be used in obtaining the SPCE signal. SPCE can be used to detect toxic chemicals and investigate the human molecular. In this review, the theory, experimental setup, condition of SPCE, and role of metal nanoparticles in SPCE were reviewed. In the end, the application of SPCE was presented for detection and monitoring the chemical material, heavy metal, and biologic molecules.
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15
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Cao J, Sun Y, Kong Y, Qian W. The Sensitivity of Grating-Based SPR Sensors with Wavelength Interrogation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 19:E405. [PMID: 30669490 PMCID: PMC6358938 DOI: 10.3390/s19020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we derive the analytical expression for the sensitivity of grating-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors working in wavelength interrogation. The theoretical analysis shows that the sensitivity increases with increasing wavelength and is saturated beyond a certain wavelength for Au and Ag gratings, while it is almost constant for Al gratings in the wavelength range of 500 to 1000 nm. More importantly, the grating period (P) and the diffraction order (m) dominate the value of sensitivity. Higher sensitivity is possible for SPR sensors with a larger grating period and lower diffraction order. At long wavelengths, a simple expression of P/|m| can be used to estimate the sensor sensitivity. Moreover, we perform experimental measurements of the sensitivity of an SPR sensor based on an Al grating to confirm the theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuan Sun
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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