Impact of CMOS Pixel and Electronic Circuitry in the Performance of a Hartmann-Shack Wavefront Sensor

Laser Sensors for Displacement, Distance and Position

Laser sensors can be used to measure distances to objects and their related parameters (displacements, position, surface profiles and velocities). Laser sensors are based on many different optical techniques, such as triangulation, time-of-flight, confocal and interferometric sensors. As laser sensor technology has improved, the size and cost of sensors have decreased, which has led to the widespread use of laser sensors in many areas. In addition to traditional manufacturing industry applications, laser sensors are increasingly used in robotics, surveillance, autonomous driving and biomedical areas. This paper outlines some of the recent efforts made towards laser sensors for displacement, distance and position.