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Song Q, Li Q, Chao S, Chen X, Li R, Lu Y, Aastrup T, Pei Z. A dynamic reversible phenylboronic acid sensor for real-time determination of protein-carbohydrate interactions on living cancer cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:13731-13734. [PMID: 36444745 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05788c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Real-time detection of glycosylation on label-free cancer cell surfaces is of significance for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In this work, we have successfully developed a novel dynamic reversible sensor based on pH-sensitive phenylboronic esters to determine in real-time the binding kinetics of protein-carbohydrate interactions on suspension cancer cell surfaces using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanquan Song
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Qian Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Shuang Chao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Xian Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
| | - Ronghui Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, Hebei 061100, China.
| | - Yuchao Lu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Analysis and Control of Zoonotic Pathogenic Microorganism and College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Huanghua, Hebei 061100, China.
| | | | - Zhichao Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China.
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2
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Andryukov BG, Lyapun IN, Matosova EV, Somova LM. Biosensor Technologies in Medicine: from Detection of Biochemical Markers to Research into Molecular Targets (Review). Sovrem Tekhnologii Med 2021; 12:70-83. [PMID: 34796021 PMCID: PMC8596237 DOI: 10.17691/stm2020.12.6.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections are a major cause of premature death. Fast and accurate laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases is a key condition for the timely initiation and success of treatment. Potentially, it can reduce morbidity, as well as prevent the outbreak and spread of dangerous epidemics. The traditional methods of laboratory diagnostics of infectious diseases are quite time- and labour-consuming, require expensive equipment and trained personnel, which is crucial within limited resources. The fast biosensor-based methods that combine the diagnostic capabilities of biomedicine with modern technological advances in microelectronics, optoelectronics, and nanotechnology make an alternative. The modern achievements in the development of label-free biosensors make them promising diagnostic tools that combine rapid detection of specific molecular markers, simplicity, ease-of-use, efficiency, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness with the tendency to the development of portable platforms. These qualities exceed the generally accepted standards of microbiological and immunological diagnostics and open up broad prospects for using these analytical systems in clinical practice directly at the site of medical care provision (point-of-care, POC concept). A wide variety of modern biosensor designs are based on the use of diverse formats of analytical and technological strategies, identification of various regulatory and functional molecular markers associated with infectious pathogens. The solution to the existing problems in biosensing will open up great prospects for these rapidly developing diagnostic biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Andryukov
- Leading Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology; G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 1 Selskaya St., Vladivostok, 690087, Russia
| | - I N Lyapun
- Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology; G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 1 Selskaya St., Vladivostok, 690087, Russia
| | - E V Matosova
- Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology; G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 1 Selskaya St., Vladivostok, 690087, Russia
| | - L M Somova
- Professor, Chief Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 1 Selskaya St., Vladivostok, 690087, Russia
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3
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Matko V, Milanovič M. Sensitivity and Accuracy of Dielectric Measurements of Liquids Significantly Improved by Coupled Capacitive-Dependent Quartz Crystals. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21103565. [PMID: 34065458 PMCID: PMC8160995 DOI: 10.3390/s21103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A method to measure complex permittivity of liquids by using a capacitive-dependent quartz crystal and two quartz oscillators for temperature compensation in the frequency range of 4-10 MHz is described. Complex permittivity can be detected with high precision and sensitivity through a small change of capacitance and conductance, because a change in reactance in series with the quartz crystal impacts its resonant oscillation frequency. The temperature compensation in the range below 0.1 ppm is achieved by using two quartz oscillators that are made of elements of the same quality and have a temperature-frequency pair of quartz crystals. With the help of a reference oscillator, measurements of frequency are more accurate, because the frequency difference is in the kHz region, which also enables further processing of the signal by a microcontroller. With a proper calibration, the accuracy of this highly sensitive quartz crystal method is ±0.05%, which is an order of magnitude lower than that for a capacitance method without quartz crystals. The improved accuracy is of significant importance in the field of power engineering to monitor coolants and lubricants, oils, liquid fuels and other liquids, the dielectric properties of which are crucial for proper operation of devices.
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Barsan MM, Sanz CG, Onea M, Diculescu VC. Immobilized Antibodies on Mercaptophenylboronic Acid Monolayers for Dual-Strategy Detection of 20S Proteasome. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2702. [PMID: 33921330 PMCID: PMC8068791 DOI: 10.3390/s21082702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A dual strategy for the electrochemical detection for 20S proteasome (20S) is proposed, based on the oriented immobilization of a capture monoclonal antibody (Abβ) on a self-assembled monolayer of 4-mercaptophenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) on gold electrodes, which led to the Au/4-MPBA/Abβ immunosensor. The methodology comprises the correlation of 20S concentration with (i) its proteolytic activity toward the Z-LLE-AMC substrate, using the Au/4-MPBA/Abβ/20S, and (ii) the enzymatic activity of an alkaline phosphatase (AlkP) from the AlkP-labeled secondary antibody (Abcore-AlkP), which involves the conversion of aminophenylphosphate to the electroactive aminophenol using Au/4-MPBA/Abβ/20S/Abcore-AlkP. The step-by-step construction of the immunosensor and the interactions at its surface were evaluated by surface plasmon resonance and gravimetric analysis with quartz crystal microbalance, showing a high affinity between both antibodies and 20S. Morphological analysis by scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a pattern of parallel lines upon immobilization of Abβ on 4-MPBA and morphological changes to a well-organized granular structure upon binding of 20S. A voltametric and impedimetric characterization was performed after each step in the immunosensor construction. The two detection strategies were evaluated. It was shown that the immunosensor responds linearly with 20S concentration in the range between 5 and 100 µg mL-1, which corresponds to proteasome levels in serum in the case of diverse pathological situations, and LoD values of 1.4 and 0.2 µg mL-1 were calculated for the detection strategies. The immunosensor was applied to the detection of 20S in serum samples with recovery values ranging from 101 to 103%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina M. Barsan
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (M.M.B.); (C.G.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Caroline G. Sanz
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (M.M.B.); (C.G.S.); (M.O.)
| | - Melania Onea
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (M.M.B.); (C.G.S.); (M.O.)
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor 405, 077125 Măgurele, Romania
| | - Victor C. Diculescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Măgurele, Romania; (M.M.B.); (C.G.S.); (M.O.)
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5
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Tsou PH, Chiang PH, Lin ZT, Yang HC, Song HL, Li BR. Rapid purification of lung cancer cells in pleural effusion through spiral microfluidic channels for diagnosis improvement. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:4007-4015. [PMID: 32966477 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00663g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Fifteen percent of lung cancer patients will present with malignant pleural effusion initially, and up to 50% will have malignant pleural effusion throughout the course of the disease. In this study, we developed a spiral microfluidic device that can rapidly isolate cancer cells and improve their purity through fluid dynamics. This label-free, high-throughput device continuously isolates cancer cells and other unrelated molecules from pleural effusion. Most of the background cells that affect interpretation are flushed to outlets 1 to 3, and cancer cells are hydrodynamically concentrated to outlet 4, with 90% of lung cancer cells flowing to this outlet. After processing, the purity of cancer cells identified in pleural effusion by CD45 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibodies in flow cytometry will be increased by 6 to 24 times. The microfluidic device presented here has the advantages of rapid processing and low cost, which are conducive to rapid and accurate clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Hsien Tsou
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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6
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Hsieh YL, Chen CW, Lin WH, Li BR. Construction of the Nickel Oxide Nanocoral Structure on Microscope Slides for Total Self-Assembly-Oriented Probe Immobilization and Signal Enhancement. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3304-3312. [PMID: 35025373 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Proper orientation of probes and the binding capacity of surfaces will determine the performance of bio-applications. It has been reported that immobilizing through bio-/chemical affinity is an efficient but gentle strategy to solve the above-mentioned issue. Herein, we introduce a total self-assembly approach via the strong affinity of nickel oxide (NiO) to the polyhistidine-tag (His-tag). It allows the efficient immobilizing His-tagged proteins with orientation. Furthermore, we find that the nanocoral structure can be formed after applying rapid thermal annealing at 1100 °C, which could increase the His-tagged protein binding capacity efficiently by the enhanced surface-to-volume ratio. Lastly, we demonstrate the NiO thin film with the nanocoral structure, which has great potential for universal biosensing with a wide range of biomolecules, including DNA, protein, and bacteria. Through His-tagged monomer streptavidin (His6-mSA) or His-tagged protein G (His6-protein G), the biotinylated DNA or antibody could be immobilized with proper orientation on the surface consequently to complete a sensitive biomolecule detection. Moreover, the NiO nanocoral structure has the advantages of high hydrophilicity, transmittance, and pH stability that are promising to develop into several kinds of bio-applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Hsieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ran Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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7
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Kowarsch R, Suhak Y, Eduarte LC, Mansour M, Meyer F, Peschel A, Fritze H, Rembe C, Johannsmann D. Compressional-Wave Effects in the Operation of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance in Liquids:Dependence on Overtone Order. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20092535. [PMID: 32365649 PMCID: PMC7249204 DOI: 10.3390/s20092535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The operation of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) in liquids is plagued by small flexural admixtures to the thickness-shear deformation. The resonator surface moves not only in the transverse direction, but also along the surface normal, thereby emitting compressional waves into the liquid. Using a simple analytical model and laser Doppler vibrometry, we show that the flexural admixtures are stronger on the fundamental mode than on the overtones. The normal amplitude of motion amounts to about 1% of the transverse motion on the fundamental mode. This ratio drops by a factor of two on the overtones. A similar dependence on overtone order is observed in experiments, where the resonator is immersed in a liquid and faces an opposite planar wall, the distance of which varies. Standing compressional waves occur at certain distances. The amplitudes of these are smaller on the overtones than on the fundamental mode. The findings can be rationalized with the tensor form of the small-load approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Kowarsch
- Institute of Electrical Information Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 28, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (R.K.); (M.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Yuriy Suhak
- Institute of Energy Research and Physical Technologies, Clausthal University of Technology, Am Stollen 19B, D-38640 Goslar, Germany; (Y.S.); (L.C.E.); (H.F.)
| | - Lucia Cortina Eduarte
- Institute of Energy Research and Physical Technologies, Clausthal University of Technology, Am Stollen 19B, D-38640 Goslar, Germany; (Y.S.); (L.C.E.); (H.F.)
| | - Mohammad Mansour
- Institute of Electrical Information Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 28, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (R.K.); (M.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Frederick Meyer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (F.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Astrid Peschel
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (F.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Holger Fritze
- Institute of Energy Research and Physical Technologies, Clausthal University of Technology, Am Stollen 19B, D-38640 Goslar, Germany; (Y.S.); (L.C.E.); (H.F.)
| | - Christian Rembe
- Institute of Electrical Information Technology, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstr. 28, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (R.K.); (M.M.); (C.R.)
| | - Diethelm Johannsmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Arnold-Sommerfeld-Str. 4, D-38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany; (F.M.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Label-Free Biosensors for Laboratory-Based Diagnostics of Infections: Current Achievements and New Trends. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2020; 10:bios10020011. [PMID: 32059538 PMCID: PMC7169461 DOI: 10.3390/bios10020011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Infections pose a serious global public health problem and are a major cause of premature mortality worldwide. One of the most challenging objectives faced by modern medicine is timely and accurate laboratory-based diagnostics of infectious diseases. Being a key factor of timely initiation and success of treatment, it may potentially provide reduction in incidence of a disease, as well as prevent outbreak and spread of dangerous epidemics. The traditional methods of laboratory-based diagnostics of infectious diseases are quite time- and labor-consuming, require expensive equipment and qualified personnel, which restricts their use in case of limited resources. Over the past six decades, diagnostic technologies based on lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) have been and remain true alternatives to modern laboratory analyzers and have been successfully used to quickly detect molecular ligands in biosubstrates to diagnose many infectious diseases and septic conditions. These devices are considered as simplified formats of modern biosensors. Recent advances in the development of label-free biosensor technologies have made them promising diagnostic tools that combine rapid pathogen indication, simplicity, user-friendliness, operational efficiency, accuracy, and cost effectiveness, with a trend towards creation of portable platforms. These qualities exceed the generally accepted standards of microbiological and immunological diagnostics and open up a broad range of applications of these analytical systems in clinical practice immediately at the site of medical care (point-of-care concept, POC). A great variety of modern nanoarchitectonics of biosensors are based on the use of a broad range of analytical and constructive strategies and identification of various regulatory and functional molecular markers associated with infectious bacterial pathogens. Resolution of the existing biosensing issues will provide rapid development of diagnostic biotechnologies.
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Lin PH, Li BR. Antifouling strategies in advanced electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Analyst 2020; 145:1110-1120. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an02017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A review presented recent development of antifouling strategies in electrochemical sensors and biosensors based on the modification methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Heng Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
| | - Bor-Ran Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering
- College of Electrical and Computer Engineering
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu
- Taiwan
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Li M, Cheng F, Li H, Jin W, Chen C, He W, Cheng G, Wang Q. Site-Specific and Covalent Immobilization of His-Tagged Proteins via Surface Vinyl Sulfone-Imidazole Coupling. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:16466-16475. [PMID: 31756107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Site-specific immobilization of proteins on a surface has been a long-lasting challenge in the fields of biosensing and biotechnology because of the need for improving the biological activity of immobilized protein via the maximal exposure of its bioactive domain. Herein, we reported a new site-specific immobilization method for His-tagged proteins onto a vinyl sulfone (VS)-bearing surface in a covalent manner. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization indicated the specificity of the addition reaction of the imidazole group in histidine on the VS-bearing surface at pH 7.0. Solution-based experiments were carried out to verify the reaction priority of the imidazole residue of histidine with the VS group at neutral conditions. The real-time immobilization process of two His-tagged proteins (HaloTag-6His and anti-HER2 Fab-6His) on surfaces presenting VS, preactivated carboxyl, and NTA groups were studied by quartz crystal microbalance. Compared to the existing methods utilizing covalent (NHS/EDC activated carboxyl) and coordinate (Ni2+-NTA) linking, our method offers two significant advantages for protein immobilization: high density and high specificity. The orientation of the two His-tagged proteins on the VS-bearing surface was confirmed by an enzyme-linked assay and an HER2+ liposome binding experiment. Our method of site-specific immobilization of His-tagged proteins is efficient and straightforward, which would be helpful to expand the applications of recombinant proteins in enzyme immobilization, biosensor and array fabrication, and drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Haoqiang Li
- Hangzhou HealSun Biopharm Co., Ltd. , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 735400 , China
| | - Weiwei Jin
- Hangzhou HealSun Biopharm Co., Ltd. , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 735400 , China
| | | | | | - Gang Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60607 , United States
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Rapid and Safe Isolation of Human Peripheral Blood B and T Lymphocytes through Spiral Microfluidic Channels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8145. [PMID: 31148602 PMCID: PMC6544655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) are mature lymphocytes that circulate in the blood rather than being localized to organs. A reliable label-free collection approach that can viably and appropriately isolate PBLs to establish in vitro culture systems is crucial for basic research and clinical requirements. However, isolation of PBLs from whole blood is difficult, and so the development of a rapid and safe method to perform this task is required. Microfluidic technology offers opportunities that challenge the performance of macroscale methods. In this study, we proposed a simple spiral microfluidic chip for efficient and high-throughput isolation of lymphocytes from a sample with prelysed RBCs. This spiral microfluidic platform does not rely on antibodies or biological markers for labeling cells of interest while isolating lymphocytes but rather enriches B and T lymphocytes through the different physical properties that are intrinsic to lymphocytes and other blood cells. The device was used to achieve high-throughput (~1.3 × 105 cells/min) separation of lymphocytes with high viability (>95%). Compared with previous approaches, our device provided rapid, label-free, high-throughput, and safe lymphocyte separation.
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Kim S, Park J, So S, Ahn S, Choi J, Koo C, Joung YH. Characteristics of an Implantable Blood Pressure Sensor Packaged by Ultrafast Laser Microwelding. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19081801. [PMID: 30991708 PMCID: PMC6514925 DOI: 10.3390/s19081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We propose a new packaging process for an implantable blood pressure sensor using ultrafast laser micro-welding. The sensor is a membrane type, passive device that uses the change in the capacitance caused by the membrane deformation due to applied pressure. Components of the sensor such as inductors and capacitors were fabricated on two glass (quartz) wafers and the two wafers were bonded into a single package. Conventional bonding methods such as adhesive bonding, thermal bonding, and anodic bonding require considerable effort and cost. Therefore CO₂ laser cutting was used due to its fast and easy operation providing melting and bonding of the interface at the same time. However, a severe heat process leading to a large temperature gradient by rapid heating and quenching at the interface causes microcracks in brittle glass and results in low durability and production yield. In this paper, we introduce an ultrafast laser process for glass bonding because it can optimize the heat accumulation inside the glass by a short pulse width within a few picoseconds and a high pulse repetition rate. As a result, the ultrafast laser welding provides microscale bonding for glass pressure sensor packaging. The packaging process was performed with a minimized welding seam width of 100 μm with a minute. The minimized welding seam allows a drastic reduction of the sensor size, which is a significant benefit for implantable sensors. The fabricated pressure sensor was operated with resonance frequencies corresponding to applied pressures and there was no air leakage through the welded interface. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity tests with the sensor showed that there was no elution of inner components and the ultrafast laser packaged sensor is non-toxic. The ultrafast laser welding provides a fast and robust glass chip packaging, which has advantages in hermeticity, bio-compatibility, and cost-effectiveness in the manufacturing of compact implantable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungil Kim
- Department of Electronics and Control Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea.
- Department of Laser and Electron Beam Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Korea.
| | - Jaesoon Park
- Department of Electronics and Control Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea.
| | - Sangkyun So
- Department of Electronics and Control Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea.
| | - Sanghoon Ahn
- Department of Laser and Electron Beam Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Korea.
| | - Jiyeon Choi
- Department of Laser and Electron Beam Application, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Korea.
| | - Chiwan Koo
- Department of Electronics and Control Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea.
| | - Yeun-Ho Joung
- Department of Electronics and Control Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Korea.
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13
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Thermopneumatic suction integrated microfluidic blood analysis system. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0208676. [PMID: 30845239 PMCID: PMC6405101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood tests provide crucial diagnostic information regarding several diseases. A key factor that affects the precision and accuracy of blood tests is the interference of red blood cells; however, the conventional methods of blood separation are often complicated and time consuming. In this study, we devised a simple but high-efficiency blood separation system on a self-strained microfluidic device that separates 99.7 ± 0.3% of the plasma in only 6 min. Parameters, such as flow rate, design of the filter trench, and the relative positions of the filter trench and channel, were optimized through microscopic monitoring. Moreover, this air-difference-driven device uses a cost-effective and easy-to-use heater device that creates a low-pressure environment in the microchannel within minutes. With the aforementioned advantages, this blood separation device could be another platform choice for point-of-care testing.
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