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Electrochemical Sensors Based on the Electropolymerized Natural Phenolic Antioxidants and Their Analytical Application. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21248385. [PMID: 34960482 PMCID: PMC8707084 DOI: 10.3390/s21248385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The design and fabrication of novel electrochemical sensors with high analytical and operational characteristics are one of the sustainable trends in modern analytical chemistry. Polymeric film formation by the electropolymerization of suitable monomers is one of the methods of sensors fabrication. Among a wide range of the substances able to polymerize, the phenolic ones are of theoretical and practical interest. The attention is focused on the sensors based on the electropolymerized natural phenolic antioxidants and their analytical application. The typical electropolymerization reaction schemes are discussed. Phenol electropolymerization leads to insulating coverage formation. Therefore, a combination of electropolymerized natural phenolic antioxidants and carbon nanomaterials as modifiers is of special interest. Carbon nanomaterials provide conductivity and a high working surface area of the electrode, while the polymeric film properties affect the selectivity and sensitivity of the sensor response for the target analyte or the group of structurally related compounds. The possibility of guided changes in the electrochemical response for the improvement of target compounds' analytical characteristics has appeared. The analytical capabilities of sensors based on electropolymerized natural phenolic antioxidants and their future development in this field are discussed.
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Hernández-Rodríguez JF, Della Pelle F, Rojas D, Compagnone D, Escarpa A. Xurography-Enabled Thermally Transferred Carbon Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Sensors on Polyethylene Terephthalate-Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Films. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13565-13572. [PMID: 32869640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel benchtop approach to fabricate xurography-enabled thermally transferred (XTT) carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors is proposed. Filtered nanomaterial (NM) films were transferred from Teflon filters to polyethylene terephthalate-ethylene vinyl acetate (PET-EVA) substrates by a temperature-driven approach. Customized PET-EVA components were xurographically patterned by a cutting plotter. The smart design of PET-EVA films enabled us to selectively transfer the nanomaterial to the exposed EVA side of the substrate. Hence, the substrate played an active role in selectively controlling where nanomaterial transfer occurred allowing us to design different working electrode geometries. Counter and reference electrodes were integrated by a stencil-printing approach, and the whole device was assembled by thermal lamination. To prove the versatility of the technology, XTT materials were exclusively made of carbon black (XTT-CB), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (XTT-MWCNTs), and single-walled carbon nanotubes (XTT-SWCNTs). Their electrochemical behavior was carefully studied and was found to be highly dependent on the amount and type of NM employed. XTT-SWCNTs were demonstrated to be the best-performing sensors, and they were employed for the determination of l-tyrosine (l-Tyr) in human plasma from tyrosinemia-diagnosed patients. High analytical performance toward l-Tyr (linear range of 0.5-100 μM, LOD = 0.1 μM), interelectrode precision (RSD ip,a = 3%, n = 10; RSD calibration slope = 4%, n = 3), and accurate l-Tyr quantification in plasma samples with low relative errors (≤7%) compared to the clinical declared values were obtained. The proposed benchtop approach is cost-effective and straightforward, does not require sophisticated facilities, and can be potentially employed to develop pure or hybrid nanomaterial-based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Hernández-Rodríguez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Flavio Della Pelle
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Daniel Rojas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Dario Compagnone
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Campus "Aurelio Saliceti" via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Alberto Escarpa
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Chemical Research Institute Andres M. del Rio, University of Alcalá, E-28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Bian Z, Fang G, Wang R, Zhan D, Yao Q, Wu Z. A water-soluble boronic acid sensor for caffeic acid based on double sites recognition. RSC Adv 2020; 10:28148-28156. [PMID: 35519105 PMCID: PMC9055677 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00980f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to reversibly and covalently binding with Lewis bases and polyols, boronic acid compounds as fluorescent sensors have been widely reported to recognize carbohydrates, ions, hydrogen peroxide, and so on. However, boronic acid sensors for highly selective recognition of caffeic acid rather than catechol or catechol derivatives have not been reported yet. Herein a novel water-soluble sensor 5c with double recognition sites based on a boronic acid was reported. When 2.3 × 10-4 M of caffeic acid was added, the fluorescence intensity of sensor 5c decreased by 99.6% via inner filter effect (IFE) because its excitation spectrum well overlaps with the absorption spectrum of caffeic acid under neutral condition, while the fluorescence increased or did not change obviously after binding with other analytes including carbohydrates and other catechol derivatives. In addition, the response time to caffeic acid is fast at room temperature, and a high binding constant (9245.7 ± 348.3 M-1) and low LOD (1.81 × 10-6 M) was calculated. Moreover, determination of caffeic acid content in caffeic acid tablets was studied, and the recovery rate is sufficient. Therefore, sensor 5c can be used as a potential tool for detecting biologically significant caffeic acid in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhancun Bian
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250200 Shandong China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250062 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health Jinan 250062 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province Jinan 250062 Shandong China
| | - Guiqian Fang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250200 Shandong China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250062 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health Jinan 250062 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province Jinan 250062 Shandong China
| | - Ran Wang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250200 Shandong China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250062 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health Jinan 250062 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province Jinan 250062 Shandong China
| | - Dongxue Zhan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250062 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health Jinan 250062 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province Jinan 250062 Shandong China
| | - Qingqiang Yao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250062 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health Jinan 250062 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province Jinan 250062 Shandong China
| | - Zhongyu Wu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences Jinan 250062 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health Jinan 250062 Shandong China
- Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province Jinan 250062 Shandong China
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Garoz‐Ruiz J, Perales‐Rondon JV, Heras A, Colina A. Spectroelectrochemical Sensing: Current Trends and Challenges. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Garoz‐Ruiz
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n E-09001 Burgos Spain
| | | | - Aranzazu Heras
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n E-09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Alvaro Colina
- Department of ChemistryUniversidad de Burgos Pza. Misael Bañuelos s/n E-09001 Burgos Spain
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