1
|
Nicolau A, Mutch AL, Thickett SC. Applications of Functional Polymeric Eutectogels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400405. [PMID: 39007171 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have captured significant attention as an emergent class of solvents that have unique properties and applications in differing fields of chemistry. One area where DES systems find utility is the design of polymeric gels, often referred to as "eutectogels," which can be prepared either using a DES to replace a traditional solvent, or where monomers form part of the DES themselves. Due to the extensive network of intramolecular interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding) and ionic species that exist in DES systems, polymeric eutectogels often possess appealing material properties-high adhesive strength, tuneable viscosity, rapid polymerization kinetics, good conductivity, as well as high strength and flexibility. In addition, non-covalent crosslinking approaches are possible due to the inherent interactions that exist in these materials. This review considers several key applications of polymeric eutectogels, including organic electronics, wearable sensor technologies, 3D printing resins, adhesives, and a range of various biomedical applications. The design, synthesis, and properties of these eutectogels are discussed, in addition to the advantages of this synthetic approach in comparison to traditional gel design. Perspectives on the future directions of this field are also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alma Nicolau
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
| | - Alexandra L Mutch
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
| | - Stuart C Thickett
- School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmed B, Reiche CF, Magda JJ, Solzbacher F, Körner J. Smart Hydrogel Swelling State Detection Based on a Power-Transfer Transduction Principle. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:5544-5554. [PMID: 38752016 PMCID: PMC11091848 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive (smart) hydrogels are a promising sensing material for biomedical contexts due to their reversible swelling change in response to target analytes. The design of application-specific sensors that utilize this behavior requires the development of suitable transduction concepts. The presented study investigates a power-transfer-based readout approach that is sensitive to small volumetric changes of the smart hydrogel. The concept employs two thin film polyimide substrates with embedded conductive strip lines, which are shielded from each other except at the tip region, where the smart hydrogel is sandwiched in between. The hydrogel's volume change in response to a target analyte alters the distance and orientation of the thin films, affecting the amount of transferred power between the two transducer parts and, consequently, the measured sensor output voltage. With proper calibration, the output signal can be used to determine the swelling change of the hydrogel and, consequently, to quantify the stimulus. In proof-of-principle experiments with glucose- and pH-sensitive smart hydrogels, high sensitivity to small analyte concentration changes was found along with very good reproducibility and stability. The concept was tested with two exemplary hydrogels, but the transduction principle in general is independent of the specific hydrogel material, as long as it exhibits a stimulus-dependent volume change. The application vision of the presented research is to integrate in situ blood analyte monitoring capabilities into standard (micro)catheters. The developed sensor is designed to fit into a catheter without obstructing its normal use and, therefore, offers great potential for providing a universally applicable transducer platform for smart catheter-based sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benozir Ahmed
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Christopher F. Reiche
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jules J. Magda
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Florian Solzbacher
- Department
of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Julia Körner
- Faculty
of
Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie B, Sun J, Zhang A, Qian H, Mao X, Li Y, Yan W, Zhou C, Wen HM, Xia S, Han M, Milani P, Mao P. Development of Pd/In 2O 3 hybrid nanoclusters to optimize ethanol vapor sensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13364-13373. [PMID: 38639921 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00868e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we successfully synthesize palladium-decorated indium trioxide (Pd/In2O3) hybrid nanoclusters (NCs) using an advanced dual-target cluster beam deposition (CBD) method, a significant stride in developing high-performance ethanol sensors. The prepared Pd/In2O3 hybrid NCs exhibit exceptional sensitivity, stability, and selectivity to low concentrations of ethanol vapor, with a maximum response value of 101.2 at an optimal operating temperature of 260 °C for 6 at% Pd loading. The dynamic response of the Pd/In2O3-based sensor shows an increase in response with increasing ethanol vapor concentrations within the range of 50 to 1000 ppm. The limit of detection is as low as 24 ppb. The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 28.24 ppm-1/2, with response and recovery times of 2.7 and 4.4 seconds, respectively, for 100 ppm ethanol vapor. Additionally, the sensor demonstrates excellent repeatability and stability, with only a minor decrease in response observed over 30 days and notable selectivity for ethanol compared to other common volatile organic compounds. The study highlights the potential of Pd/In2O3 NCs as promising materials for ethanol gas sensors, leveraging the unique capabilities of CBD for controlled synthesis and the catalytic properties of Pd for enhanced gas-sensing performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xie
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Aoxue Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xibing Mao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yingzhu Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Changjiang Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Min Wen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Shengjie Xia
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Min Han
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Paolo Milani
- CIMAINA and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Peng Mao
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu J, Huang M, Zhang S, Ning D, Pang H, Jiao L, Yang Q, Yang J, Wu Q. Study on the modulating effect of halogen atom substitution on the detection range of water content detection probes in organic solvents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 304:123415. [PMID: 37742590 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence probes based on the variations of aggregation state (Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE) and Aggregation-Caused Quenching (ACQ)) have received widespread attention due to their simplicity, efficiency and intuitiveness. However, typical probes are highly sensitive to changes in polarity and slight variations in the external environment can cause a complete change in the aggregation state. With the aim of expanding the detection range of the molecular probe, this work adopts a different design strategy from adjusting the molecular backbone but regulates the fluorescence behavior of the Schiff base molecular backbone by introducing different halogen atoms. Systematic studies show that when chlorine serves as substitutional atoms (3,5-Cl Salen), the probe can achieve full-range detection of water content (0-100 vol%) in ethanol and DMF. To our knowledge, the 3,5-Cl Salen represents the best water content probe in organic molecules. Experimental and theoretical studies have shown that the adjustment of halogen atoms can linearly change the charge distribution on the benzene ring and precisely control the strength of intermolecular interactions. At the same time, we developed a fluorescent filter paper based on 3,5-Cl Salen and used smartphones for rapid, sensitive and precise on-site measurement of water content in organic solvents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Xu
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China
| | - Meifen Huang
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650214, China
| | - Siman Zhang
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China
| | - Dan Ning
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China
| | - Haijun Pang
- The School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Liang Jiao
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650214, China
| | - Qiuling Yang
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan 650214, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Metal-Organic Molecular Materials and Device, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang JY, Kumar A, Shaikh MO, Huang SH, Chou YN, Yang CC, Hsu CK, Kuo LC, Chuang CH. Biocompatible, Antibacterial, and Stable Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Ionic Gel Multimodal Sensors for Healthcare Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:55244-55257. [PMID: 37991845 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a novel approach to fabricate multifunctional ionic gel sensors by using deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as replacements for water. When two distinct DESs were combined, customizable mechanical and conductive properties were created, resulting in improved performance compared with traditional hydrogel-based strain sensors. DES ionic gels possess superior mechanical properties, transparency, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties, making them suitable for a wide range of applications such as flexible electronics, soft robotics, and healthcare. We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the DES ionic gels, evaluating their performance under extreme temperature conditions (-70 to 80 °C), impressive optical transparency (94%), and biocompatibility. Furthermore, a series of tests were conducted to evaluate the antibacterial performance (Escherichia coli) of the DES ionic gels. Their wide strain (1-400%) and temperature (15-50 °C)-sensing ranges demonstrate the versatility and adaptability of DES ionic gels for diverse sensing requirements. The resulting DES ionic gels were successfully applied in human activity and vital sign monitoring, demonstrating their potential for biointegrated sensing devices and healthcare applications. This study offers valuable insights into the development and optimization of hydrogel sensors, particularly for applications that require environmental stability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial performance, thereby paving the way for future advancements in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yu Yang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Muhammad Omar Shaikh
- Sustainability Science and Management Program, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hung Huang
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Nien Chou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 71005, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Chun Yang
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Kai Hsu
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chieh Kuo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- The Center of Excellence for Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (CEMAFLD), National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Esmeryan KD, Lazarov Y, Grakov T, Fedchenko YI, Vergov LG, Staykov S. Metal-Phenolic Film Coated Quartz Crystal Microbalance as a Selective Sensor for Methanol Detection in Alcoholic Beverages. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1274. [PMID: 37374859 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
The facile real-time monitoring of methyl content in fermented beverages is of fundamental significance in the alcohol and restaurant industry, since as little as 4 mL of methanol entering the blood may cause intoxication or blindness. So far, the practical applicability of available methanol sensors, including the piezoresonance analogs, is somewhat limited to laboratory use due to the complexity and bulkiness of the measuring equipment involving multistep procedures. This article introduces a hydrophobic metal-phenolic film-coated quartz crystal microbalance (MPF-QCM) as a novel streamlined detector of methanol in alcoholic drinks. Unlike other QCM-based alcohol sensors, our device operates under saturated vapor pressure conditions, permitting rapid detection of methyl fractions up to seven times below the tolerable levels in spirits (e.g., whisky) while effectively suppressing the cross-sensitivity to interfering chemical compounds such as water, petroleum ether or ammonium hydroxide. Furthermore, the good surface adhesion of metal-phenolic complexes endows the MPF-QCM with superior long-term stability, contributing to the repeatable and reversible physical sorption of the target analytes. These features, combined with the lack of mass flow controllers, valves and connecting pipes delivering the gas mixture, outline the likelihood for future design of a portable MPF-QCM prototype suitable to point-of-use analysis in drinking establishments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karekin D Esmeryan
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yuliyan Lazarov
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Teodor Grakov
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yulian I Fedchenko
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lazar G Vergov
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Staykov
- Acoustoelectronics Laboratory, Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 72, Tzarigradsko Chaussee Blvd., 1784 Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grytsenko O, Dulebova L, Spišák E, Pukach P. Metal-Filled Polyvinylpyrrolidone Copolymers: Promising Platforms for Creating Sensors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102259. [PMID: 37242834 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper presents research results on the properties of composite materials based on cross-linked grafted copolymers of 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and their hydrogels filled with finely dispersed metal powders (Zn, Co, Cu). Metal-filled pHEMA-gr-PVP copolymers in the dry state were studied for surface hardness and swelling ability, which was characterized by swelling kinetics curves and water content. Copolymers swollen in water to an equilibrium state were studied for hardness, elasticity, and plasticity. The heat resistance of dry composites was evaluated by the Vicat softening temperature. As a result, materials with a wide range of predetermined properties were obtained, including physico-mechanical properties (surface hardness 240 ÷ 330 MPa, hardness number 0.06 ÷ 2.8 MPa, elasticity number 75 ÷ 90%), electrical properties (specific volume resistance 102 ÷ 108 Ω⋅m), thermophysical properties (Vicat heat resistance 87 ÷ 122 °C), and sorption (swelling degree 0.7 ÷ 1.6 g (H2O)/g (polymer)) at room temperature. Resistance to the destruction of the polymer matrix was confirmed by the results concerning its behavior in aggressive media such as solutions of alkalis and acids (HCl, H2SO4, NaOH), as well as some solvents (ethanol, acetone, benzene, toluene). The obtained composites are characterized by electrical conductivity, which can be adjusted within wide limits depending on the nature and content of the metal filler. The specific electrical resistance of metal-filled pHEMA-gr-PVP copolymers is sensitive to changes in moisture (with a moisture increase from 0 to 50%, ρV decreases from 108 to 102 Ω⋅m), temperature (with a temperature change from 20 °C to 175 °C, ρV of dry samples decreases by 4.5 times), pH medium (within pH from 2 to 9, the range of ρV change is from 2 to 170 kΩ⋅m), load (with a change in compressive stress from 0 kPa to 140 kPa, ρV of swollen composites decreases by 2-4 times), and the presence of low molecular weight substances, which is proven by the example involving ethanol and ammonium hydroxide. The established dependencies of the electrical conductivity of metal-filled pHEMA-gr-PVP copolymers and their hydrogels on various factors, in combination with high strength, elastic properties, sorption capacity, and resistance to aggressive media, suggest the potential for further research as a platform for the manufacture of sensors for various purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Grytsenko
- Department of Chemical Technology of Plastics Processing, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, St. Bandera Str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Ludmila Dulebova
- Department of Technologies, Materials and Computer Aided Production, Technical University of Košice, 74 Mäsiarska, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Emil Spišák
- Department of Technologies, Materials and Computer Aided Production, Technical University of Košice, 74 Mäsiarska, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Petro Pukach
- Institute of Applied Mathematics and Fundamental Sciences, Lviv Polytechnic National University, 12, St. Bandera Str., 79013 Lviv, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Affiliation(s)
- Sven Truckenbrodt
- Convergent Research, E11 Bio. 1600 Harbor Bay Parkway, Alameda, California94502, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ahmed B, Reiche CF, Solzbacher F, Magda J, Körner J. Physics-Based Circuit Modeling of the Impedance Characteristics of a Smart Hydrogel-Actuated Bending Sensor. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. A, PHYSICAL 2022; 347:113954. [PMID: 39310816 PMCID: PMC11415276 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2022.113954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Smart hydrogels are stimuli-responsive polymers which exhibit a volume-phase transition in response to external influences. This makes them promising candidates for sensing elements, especially in a biomedical context due to their easily achievable biocompatibility. The main challenge in harnessing the smart polymer's potential for sensor applications lies in a reliable transduction of the swelling change into an electrical signal. A novel platform approach is based on a bending sensor where the smart hydrogel acts as an actuator on a thin film with embedded metal traces. Mechanical deformation due to the hydrogel volume change alters the traces' electric impedance. However, besides deformation, the medium surrounding the sensor structure will also affect the impedance. For sensor design it is therefore crucial to understand the complex interdependencies between electric sensor properties, influences of the surrounding medium and mechanical deformation. Here, an electric circuit model is presented which considers all these contributions through a minimum number of lumped elements and is strictly based on physical considerations. By employing measured impedance spectra from an experimental sensor implementation subjected to different surrounding media and mechanical deformation, the validity of the simplified model is demonstrated. A detailed analysis and discussion give insights into the determination of the different model parameters and how external influences can clearly be attributed to specific circuit elements. This work provides a general approach for deducing minimalistic but strictly physics-based circuit models which can still adequately replicate the actual behavior of such types of impedance-based bending sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benozir Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christopher F. Reiche
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Florian Solzbacher
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jules Magda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Julia Körner
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Icagic SD, Kvascev GS. A Smart Alcoholmeter Sensor Based on Deep Learning Visual Perception. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7394. [PMID: 36236494 PMCID: PMC9571611 DOI: 10.3390/s22197394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Process automation, in general, enables the enhancement of productivity, product quality, and consistency alongside other production metrics. Liquor production on an industrial scale also follows the automation trend. However, small and medium producers lag with equipment modernization due to the high costs of industrial equipment. One of the important sensors in automation equipment for distilleries is the alcohol concentration sensor used for fraction separation, process automation, and supervision. This paper proposes a novel low-cost approach to alcohol concentration sensing by employing deep learning on the visual perception of traditional alcoholmeter. For purposes of the training model, dataset acquisition apparatus is developed and a large dataset of labeled images of alcoholmeter readings is acquired. The problem of reading alcohol concentration from an alcoholometer image is treated as a regression and classification problem. Performances of both regression and classification models were investigated with Resnet18 as an architecture of choice. Both models achieved satisfying performance metrics demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approaches. The proposed system implemented on Raspberry Pi with a camera can be integrated into new distillation equipment. Additionally, it can be used for retrofitting existing equipment due to its non-invasive nature of reading. The scope of use can be further expanded to the reading of other types of analog instruments simply by retraining the model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Savo D. Icagic
- University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering, Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73, 11120 Beograd, Serbia
- The Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research and Development of Serbia, Fruskogorska 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Goran S. Kvascev
- University of Belgrade, School of Electrical Engineering, Bulevar Kralja Aleksandra 73, 11120 Beograd, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kelly-Richard A, Albert J. Multiresonant analysis improves the limit of detection of tilted fiber Bragg grating refractometers. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:3740-3743. [PMID: 35913303 DOI: 10.1364/ol.462687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A multiresonant approach based on tracking 27 cladding mode resonances of tilted fiber Bragg grating refractometers is shown to improve the limit of detection by a factor of 3 to 4 relative to the conventional approach of tracking the single-most sensitive resonance. Limits of detection below 2 × 10-5 in index change are achieved for dilutions of ethanol in water in repeated experiments. In all cases, wavelengths are referenced to the core mode resonance which eliminates the effect of small temperature changes during and between experiments.
Collapse
|
12
|
Pardeshi S, Damiri F, Zehravi M, Joshi R, Kapare H, Prajapati MK, Munot N, Berrada M, Giram PS, Rojekar S, Ali F, Rahman MH, Barai HR. Functional Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Molecule to Material Design for Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153126. [PMID: 35956641 PMCID: PMC9371082 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature-induced, rapid changes in the viscosity and reproducible 3-D structure formation makes thermos-sensitive hydrogels an ideal delivery system to act as a cell scaffold or a drug reservoir. Moreover, the hydrogels’ minimum invasiveness, high biocompatibility, and facile elimination from the body have gathered a lot of attention from researchers. This review article attempts to present a complete picture of the exhaustive arena, including the synthesis, mechanism, and biomedical applications of thermosensitive hydrogels. A special section on intellectual property and marketed products tries to shed some light on the commercial potential of thermosensitive hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Pardeshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University Institute of Chemical Technology, KBC North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Fouad Damiri
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (F.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Mehrukh Zehravi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Girls Section, Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University Alkharj, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rohit Joshi
- Precision Nanosystems Inc., Vancouver, BC V6P 6T7, Canada;
| | - Harshad Kapare
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune 41118, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Mahendra Kumar Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM’s NMIMS, Shirpur 425405, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Neha Munot
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune 411048, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Mohammed Berrada
- Laboratory of Biomolecules and Organic Synthesis (BIOSYNTHO), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’sick, University Hassan II of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (F.D.); (M.B.)
| | - Prabhanjan S. Giram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pune 41118, Maharashtra, India;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Correspondence: (P.S.G.); (S.R.); (H.R.B.)
| | - Satish Rojekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: (P.S.G.); (S.R.); (H.R.B.)
| | - Faraat Ali
- Laboratory Services, Department of Licensing and Enforcement, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority (BoMRA), Gaborone 999106, Botswana;
| | - Md. Habibur Rahman
- Department of Global Medical Science, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Hasi Rani Barai
- School of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (P.S.G.); (S.R.); (H.R.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Phouthavong V, Inoue H, Phomkeona K, Chounlamany V. Home-Made Membraneless Vaporization Gas-Liquid Separator for Colorimetric Determination of Ethanol in Alcoholic Beverages. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2022; 2022:7346253. [PMID: 35402059 PMCID: PMC8989598 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7346253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work utilized the simplicity of a so-called membraneless vaporization (MBL-VP) unit as a gas separator for the colorimetric determination of ethanol in alcoholic beverages. A beverage sample with a volume of 1 mL was directly injected into a small container which was hung from a lid inside a closed 40 mL reused glass bottle without pretreatment such as distillation. An acidified potassium dichromate (Cr2O7 2-) acceptor solution, preadded to the glass bottle, was reduced to Chromium (III) ion by the diffusion of vaporized ethanol from the sample. After 5 min, the absorbing solution was collected for colorimetric detection at 590 nm. The unit manually quantifies ethanol in the range 1.0-90% (v/v) with satisfactory interday precision but without matrix effect (recovery 89-109%). The method was validated with the conventional distillation/pycnometer method which showed no significant difference of ethanol contents between those two methods and the declared values of 12 alcoholic beverages, indicating sufficient accuracy. Analyses of alcoholic beverages using this method were successful with benefits of simplicity, cheapness, and less energy consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanpaseuth Phouthavong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of Laos, P.O. Box 7322, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Hayato Inoue
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Kesiny Phomkeona
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of Laos, P.O. Box 7322, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Vanseng Chounlamany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, National University of Laos, P.O. Box 7322, Vientiane, Laos
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang J, Zhang Q, Liu X, Xia S, Gao Y, Gao G. Flexible and wearable strain sensors based on conductive hydrogels. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Zhang
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Xin Liu
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Shan Xia
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Yang Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Guanghui Gao
- Polymeric and Soft Materials Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Institute of Materials Science Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Memon SF, Wang R, Strunz B, Chowdhry BS, Pembroke JT, Lewis E. A Review of Optical Fibre Ethanol Sensors: Current State and Future Prospects. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22030950. [PMID: 35161695 PMCID: PMC8840036 DOI: 10.3390/s22030950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A range of optical fibre-based sensors for the measurement of ethanol, primarily in aqueous solution, have been developed and are reviewed here. The sensing approaches can be classified into four groups according to the measurement techniques used, namely absorption (or absorbance), external interferometric, internal fibre grating and plasmonic sensing. The sensors within these groupings can be compared in terms of their characteristic performance indicators, which include sensitivity, resolution and measurement range. Here, particular attention is paid to the potential application areas of these sensors as ethanol production is globally viewed as an important industrial activity. Potential industrial applications are highlighted in the context of the emergence of the internet of things (IoT), which is driving widespread utilization of these sensors in the commercially significant industrial and medical sectors. The review concludes with a summary of the current status and future prospects of optical fibre ethanol sensors for industrial use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanober Farheen Memon
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Correspondence: (S.F.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Key Laboratory of In-Fiber Integrated Optics of Ministry of Education, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bob Strunz
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry
- NCRA-CMS Lab, IICT, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Sindh, Pakistan;
| | - J. Tony Pembroke
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
| | - Elfed Lewis
- Optical Fibre Sensors Research Centre, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland;
- Correspondence: (S.F.M.); (E.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ahmed SR, Ortega GA, Kumar S, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR. Strong nanozymatic activity of thiocyanate capped gold nanoparticles: an enzyme–nanozyme cascade reaction based dual mode ethanol detection in saliva. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj03648c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This article reports on the strong nanozymatic activity of thiocyanide capped gold nanoparticles (TC-AuNPs) in the presence of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) and H2O2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Rahin Ahmed
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Greter A. Ortega
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Satish Kumar
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Determination of Alcohol Content in Beers of Different Styles Based on Portable Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Multivariate Calibration. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02126-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Carbone M, Tagliatesta P. NiO Grained-Flowers and Nanoparticles for Ethanol Sensing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E1880. [PMID: 32316359 PMCID: PMC7215930 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grained-flower and nanoparticles NiO samples were synthesized with a straightforward, surfactant-free hydrothermal procedure, and probed with respect to ethanol gas-sensing. Both morphologies displayed excellent performances in terms of gas response vs. temperature and concentration and are very reproducible. The grained-flower, however, performed better than the nanoparticles NiO, probably due to the shorter travelling distance of the electrons and/or adsorbates during the detection process. Both sensors displayed high stability over three weeks. The grained-flower NiO sensor also has a good selectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marilena Carbone
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Peng HY, Wang W, Gao FH, Lin S, Ju XJ, Xie R, Liu Z, Faraj Y, Chu LY. Smart Hydrogel Gratings for Sensitive, Facile, and Rapid Detection of Ethanol Concentration. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b03395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Erfkamp J, Guenther M, Gerlach G. Enzyme-Functionalized Piezoresistive Hydrogel Biosensors for the Detection of Urea. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19132858. [PMID: 31252618 PMCID: PMC6651757 DOI: 10.3390/s19132858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Urea is used in a wide variety of industrial applications such as the production of fertilizers. Furthermore, urea as a metabolic product is an important indicator in biomedical diagnostics. For these applications, reliable urea sensors are essential. In this work, we present a novel hydrogel-based biosensor for the detection of urea. The hydrolysis of urea by the enzyme urease leads to an alkaline pH change, which is detected with a pH-sensitive poly(acrylic acid-co-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) hydrogel. For this purpose, the enzyme is physically entrapped during polymerization. This enzyme-hydrogel system shows a large sensitivity in the range from 1 mmol/L up to 20 mmol/L urea with a high long-term stability over at least eight weeks. Furthermore, this urea-sensitive hydrogel is highly selective to urea in comparison to similar species like thiourea or N-methylurea. For sensory applications, the swelling pressure of this hydrogel system is transformed via a piezoresistive pressure sensor into a measurable output voltage. In this way, the basic principle of hydrogel-based piezoresistive urea biosensors was demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Erfkamp
- Solid-State Electronics Laboratory, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Margarita Guenther
- Solid-State Electronics Laboratory, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerald Gerlach
- Solid-State Electronics Laboratory, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Elsherif M, Moreddu R, Hassan MU, Yetisen AK, Butt H. Real-time optical fiber sensors based on light diffusing microlens arrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:2060-2070. [PMID: 31114826 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00242a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The applications of optical fibers are impeded in implantable medical diagnostics due to incompatibility with biological tissues, and immune reaction in vivo. The utilization of biocompatible materials to construct a photonic sensing platform can reduce the immune response in in vivo medical diagnostics. Here, we developed real-time optical fiber sensors to determine the volumetric modulation of stimuli-responsive polymers. Asymmetric microlens structures were replicated on stimuli-sensitive hydrogels as stand-alone sensors and were chemically attached to the tips of silica and biocompatible optical fibers. Quantitative measurements were carried out using a smartphone to demonstrate the ease, simplicity, and practicality of the readout methodology. To demonstrate the utility in real-time sensing, the fiber probe was investigated in various concentrations of ethanol, propan-2-ol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Also, the fiber probe showed a rapid response to pH in the acidic region with a sensitivity of 40 nW pH-1. To develop biocompatible probes for physiological applications, a microlens array-imprinted polymer was attached to the tip of a hydrogel optical fiber. The optical fiber probe in the refection configuration showed a sensitivity of 7 nW pH-1. The developed hydrogel fiber probes may have application in point-of-care diagnostics, continuous biomarker monitoring, and critical care sensing devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsherif
- School of Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|