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Huang M, Wu X, Zhao L, Han X, Xia Y, Gao Y, Cui Z, Zhang C, Yang X, Qiao Z, Li Z, Han F, Yang P, Jiang Z. Small-size temperature/high-pressure integrated sensor via flip-chip method. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:104. [PMID: 39050588 PMCID: PMC11266362 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Hydraulic technology with smaller sizes and higher reliability trends, including fault prediction and intelligent control, requires high-performance temperature and pressure-integrated sensors. Current designs rely on planar wafer- or chip-level integration, which is limited by pressure range, chip size, and low reliability. We propose a small-size temperature/high-pressure integrated sensor via the flip-chip technique. The pressure and temperature units are arranged vertically, and the sensing signals of the two units are integrated into one plane through silicon vias and gold-gold bonding, reducing the lateral size and improving the efficiency of signal transmission. The flip-chip technique ensures a reliable electrical connection. A square diaphragm with rounded corners is designed and optimised with simulation to sense high pressure based on the piezoresistive effect. The temperature sensing unit with a thin-film platinum resistor measures temperature and provides back-end high-precision compensation, which will improve the precision of the pressure unit. The integrated chip is fabricated by MEMS technology and packaged to fabricate the extremely small integrated sensor. The integrated sensor is characterised, and the pressure sensor exhibits a sensitivity and sensitivity drift of 7.97 mV/MPa and -0.19% FS in the range of 0-20 MPa and -40 to 120 °C. The linearity, hysteresis, repeatability, accuracy, basic error, and zero-time drift are 0.16% FS, 0.04% FS, 0.06% FS, 0.18% FS, ±0.23% FS and 0.04% FS, respectively. The measurement error of the temperature sensor and temperature coefficient of resistance is less than ±1 °C and 3142.997 ppm/°C, respectively. The integrated sensor has broad applicability in fault diagnosis and safety monitoring of high-end equipment such as automobile detection, industrial equipment, and oil drilling platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mimi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503 China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Sensing, Chongqing Academician Workstation, Chongqing 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro/Nano Sensing and Intelligent Ecological Internet of Things, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan’an District, Chongqing, 400067 China
| | - Xiangguang Han
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503 China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
| | - Yong Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503 China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
| | - Yi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
| | - Zeyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503 China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaokai Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
| | - Zhixia Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Aerospace Yuanzheng Fluid Control Co. Ltd., Xi’an, 710049 China
| | - Zhikang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503 China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Han
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503 China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
| | - Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Xi’an Jiaotong University (Yantai) Research Institute for Intelligent Sensing Technology and System, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049 China
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai, 265503 China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi’an, China
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He J, Zhang F, Xu X, Du B, Wu J, Li Z, Bai Z, Guo J, Wang Y, He J. Highly Sensitive Temperature Sensor Based on Cascaded Polymer-Infiltrated Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometers Operating near the Dispersion Turning Point. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173617. [PMID: 36080692 PMCID: PMC9459823 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High-accuracy temperature measurement plays a vital role in biomedical, oceanographic, and photovoltaic industries. Here, a highly sensitive temperature sensor is proposed and demonstrated based on cascaded polymer-infiltrated Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs), operating near the dispersion turning point. The MZI was constructed by splicing a half-pitch graded index fiber (GIF) and two sections of single-mode fiber and creating an inner air cavity based on femtosecond laser micromachining. The UV-curable polymer-infiltrated air cavity functioned as one of the interference arms of MZI, and the residual GIF core functioned as the other. Two MZIs with different cavity lengths and infiltrated with the UV-curable polymers, having the refractive indexes on the different sides of the turning point, were created. Moreover, the effects of the length and the bending way of transmission SMF between the first and the second MZI were studied. As a result, the cascaded MZI temperature sensor exhibits a greatly enhanced temperature sensitivity of −24.86 nm/°C based on wavelength differential detection. The aforementioned result makes it promising for high-accuracy temperature measurements in biomedical, oceanographic, and photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Fengchan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bin Du
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiafeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhuoda Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhiyong Bai
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jinchuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonic Devices and Sensing Systems for Internet of Things, Guangdong and Hong Kong Joint Research Centre for Optical Fibre Sensors, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0755-2600-1649
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