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Lin J, Chen H, Dai W, Alsalman O, Xie T, Shen Q, Zhu C, Chen D. Fiber Bragg grating sensing system for temperature measurements based on optically injected DFB-LD with an OEO loop. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:19388-19396. [PMID: 38859074 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
A novel fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing system, based on an optically injected distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD) with an optoelectronic oscillating (OEO) loop, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for temperature measurements with high and tunable sensitivity. The FBG sensor device works as an edge filter to adjust the optical power of the injected beam in response to temperature variations. The optically injected DFB-LD works at Period-one (P1) oscillating state, and the central wavelength of the oscillating mode of the DFB-LD can be tuned by the variable power of the injected beam. Furthermore, an OEO loop is implemented to improve the signal quality of the generated P1 microwave signal. Hence, the sensing parameter of temperature is converted to the frequency variation of the generated P1 microwave signal in the proposed sensing system. In the proof-of-concept experiment, a series of P1 microwave signals are generated while different temperatures are applied to the FBG sensor. The sensitivity of the proposed FBG sensing system for temperature measurements can be tuned from 0.44322 GHz/°C to 1.25952 GHz/°C. The stability and repeatability experiments are also performed, demonstrating the high measurement accuracy (0.0629°C) and low error of the system. The proposed FBG-based sensing and interrogation system exhibits high sensitivity, large tunability, good linearity, and flexible sensing generality.
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2
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Deng N, Hu L, Liu X, Tang Z. Investigating the Mechanical Properties and Temperature Compensation of a Spot-Welded Strain Sensor within an Intelligent Steel Strand Cable. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:745. [PMID: 38339462 PMCID: PMC11154553 DOI: 10.3390/s24030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
According to current regulations, welding is strictly prohibited for prestressed and tension cables. In response, this article proposes the use of a portable spot-welding machine to spot weld steel strands. This method generates a small current during spot welding, with a voltage of only 3 V to 5 V, and does not damage the internal structure of the steel strand. To effectively monitor cable tension in cable-supported structures, a novel approach utilizing a chip-based, encapsulated spot-welded strain sensor was investigated. The strain sensing capability, temperature sensitivity, stress relaxation, and static load responses were investigated on the proposed smart steel strand cables with spot-welded strain sensors. The theoretical analyses and finite element simulations revealed that the strain transfer efficiency of the spot-welded strain sensor exceeded 96%. The experimental results demonstrated that the load-strain relationship of the smart steel strand cable had a fitting degree greater than 0.999, and the tension errors obtained under different loads were within 1.26%. The tension full capacity errors measured at different temperatures were generally within 1.0%. The relaxation rate of the smart steel strand cable after 120 h was 3.78% and reduced the sensor accuracy error by 3.97%. Thus, the proposed strain sensor equipped with a smart steel strand cable is suitable for use in long-term tension monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianchun Deng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (N.D.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lehai Hu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (N.D.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (N.D.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhiyu Tang
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (N.D.); (L.H.); (X.L.)
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Cosoli G, Calcagni MT, Salerno G, Mancini A, Narang G, Galdelli A, Mobili A, Tittarelli F, Revel GM. In the Direction of an Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Monitoring Platform for Concrete Structures. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:572. [PMID: 38257663 PMCID: PMC10820885 DOI: 10.3390/s24020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In a seismic context, it is fundamental to deploy distributed sensor networks for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). Indeed, regularly gathering data from a structure/infrastructure gives insight on the structural health status, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies can help in exploiting this information to generate early warnings useful for decision-making purposes. With a perspective of developing a remote monitoring platform for the built environment in a seismic context, the authors tested self-sensing concrete beams in loading tests, focusing on the measured electrical impedance. The formed cracks were objectively assessed through a vision-based system. Also, a comparative analysis of AI-based and statistical prediction methods, including Prophet, ARIMA, and SARIMAX, was conducted for predicting electrical impedance. Results show that the real part of electrical impedance is highly correlated with the applied load (Pearson's correlation coefficient > 0.9); hence, the piezoresistive ability of the manufactured specimens has been confirmed. Concerning prediction methods, the superiority of the Prophet model over statistical techniques was demonstrated (Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MAPE < 1.00%). Thus, the exploitation of electrical impedance sensors, vision-based systems, and AI technologies can be significant to enhance SHM and maintenance needs prediction in the built environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Cosoli
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.T.C.); (G.S.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Maria Teresa Calcagni
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.T.C.); (G.S.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Giovanni Salerno
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.T.C.); (G.S.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Adriano Mancini
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.M.); (G.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Gagan Narang
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.M.); (G.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandro Galdelli
- Department of Information Engineering, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (A.M.); (G.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Alessandra Mobili
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Francesca Tittarelli
- Department of Science and Engineering of Matter, Environment and Urban Planning, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy;
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, National Research Council (ISAC-CNR), 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Revel
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.T.C.); (G.S.); (G.M.R.)
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Chi Z, Jiang Z, Kamruzzaman MM, Hafshejani BA, Safarpour M. Adaptive momentum-based optimization to train deep neural network for simulating the static stability of the composite structure. ENGINEERING WITH COMPUTERS 2022; 38:4027-4049. [DOI: 10.1007/s00366-021-01335-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
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5
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Leal-Junior A, Biazi V, Marques C, Frizera A. Force-Displacement Analysis in Diaphragm-Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:5355. [PMID: 35891037 PMCID: PMC9317192 DOI: 10.3390/s22145355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper presented the force and displacement analyses of a diaphragm-embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor. In the first step, a numerical analysis (via finite element method) was performed considering linear elastic materials, where there is a linear variation on the strain in the optical fiber for both displacement and force (or pressure). In the second step, the experimental analysis was performed using two approaches: (i) controlling the displacement applied in the diaphragm-embedded FBG (while the force is also measured). (ii) Controlling the force applied in the sensor (also with the measurement of the displacement). Results showed reflected optical power variations and wavelength shift following the application of displacement and force. The sensitivities of both wavelength shift and optical power were different (and non-proportional) when displacement and force were compared. However, a higher correlation, determination coefficient (R2) of 0.998, was obtained in the analysis of the wavelength shift as a function of the displacement, which indicated that the strain transmission in the optical fiber is directly related to the strain in the diaphragm, whereas the force has an indirect relation with the strain and depends on the material features. Then, the possibility of simultaneous estimation of force and displacement was investigated, where the linear relation of both parameters (displacement and force) with the wavelength shift and the optical power were obtained in a limited range of displacement and force. In this range, root mean squared errors of 0.37 N and 0.05 mm were obtained for force and displacement, respectively. In addition, the force variation with a step displacement input also shows the possibility of using the proposed FBG device for the characterization of the materials' viscoelastic features such as phase delay, creep, and stress relaxation, which can be employed for in situ characterization of different viscoelastic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Leal-Junior
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Espirito Santo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Espirito Santo, Brazil; (V.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Vitorino Biazi
- Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Espirito Santo, Brazil; (V.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Carlos Marques
- Department of Physics and I3N, Campus Universitário de Santiago, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Anselmo Frizera
- Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória 29075-910, Espirito Santo, Brazil; (V.B.); (A.F.)
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Hu K, Yao Z, Wu Y, Xu Y, Wang X, Wang C. Application of FBG Sensor to Safety Monitoring of Mine Shaft Lining Structure. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22134838. [PMID: 35808333 PMCID: PMC9268871 DOI: 10.3390/s22134838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors is proposed to solve the technical problem of poor sensor stability in the long-term safety monitoring of shaft lining structures. The auxiliary shaft of the Zhuxianzhuang coal mine was considered as the engineering background, and a test system implementing FBG sensors was established to monitor the long-term safety of the shaft lining structure. Indoor simulation testing revealed that the coefficient of determination (r2) between the test curves of the FBG sensor and the resistance strain gauge is greater than 0.99 in both the transverse and vertical strains. Therefore, the FBG sensor and resistance strain gauge test values are similar, and the error is small. The early warning value was obtained by calculation, according to the specific engineering geological conditions and shaft lining structure. The monitoring data obtained for the shaft lining at three test levels over more than three years reveal that the measured vertical strain value is less than the warning value, indicating that the shaft lining structure is currently in a safe state. The analysis of the monitoring data reveals that the vertical strain increment caused by the vertical additional force is approximately 0.0752 με/d. As the mine drainage progresses, the increasing vertical additional force acting on the shaft lining will compromise the safety of the shaft lining structure. Therefore, the monitoring must be enhanced to facilitate decision-making for safe shaft operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; (K.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Zhishu Yao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; (K.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (C.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Underground Mine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanshuang Wu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; (K.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Yongjie Xu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; (K.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (C.W.)
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; (K.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (C.W.)
- Engineering Research Center of Underground Mine Engineering of Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Chen Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; (K.H.); (Y.W.); (Y.X.); (X.W.); (C.W.)
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Wang J, Wang L, Su X, Xiao R, Cheng H. Polarization Maintaining Fiber Temperature and Stress Gradient Sensitization Sensor Based on Semiconductor-Metal-Polymer Three-Layer Film Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20053-20061. [PMID: 35438503 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing sensitivity, measuring points, and stability have always been the pursuit of sensors. ZnSe9:CO1 and Ag composite nano films were coated on polarization maintaining fiber (PMF). Then, the coated PMF was nested in capillary and hose which was encapsulated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and epoxy resin. The integrated capillary sensor and thermoplastic hose sensor were prepared. The gradient sensitization of various measurement parameters such as temperature, stress, and micro bending is realized. The temperature sensitivity is 1.49 nm/°C, the micro bending sensitivity is 1.72 nm/102 g, and the stress sensitivity is 6.27 nm/mε. The sensors maintain good linearity and instantaneous response while having high sensitivity. By adjusting the length of PMF, the number of troughs is increased in the same band range, and different troughs have different sensitivities, which solves the inherent problem of cross sensitivity and realizes multiparameter measurement. Capillary sensors are used for remote safe real-time monitoring of mechanical overheating, and hose sensors are used for real-time monitoring of bridge load and human joint bending. This work is of great significance to the extension of the application range of optical fiber sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - XueQiong Su
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - RanRan Xiao
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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8
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Computational prediction of drug solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide: Thermodynamic and artificial intelligence modeling. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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9
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Desai AL, Bhatt K, Modi KM, Patel NP, Panchal M, Kongor A, Patel CN, Liška A. Calix[4]pyrrole based scrupulous probe for track on of tryptophan: Host-guest interaction, in silico modeling and molecular docking insights. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2021.111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Gavahi M, Li HR. Geometrical shapes effects of optical cavity on entanglement dynamics of optomechanical systems: A numerical analysis. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a model of optomechanical system was investigated by analyzing the entanglement dynamics of two related mechanical oscillators in a modified system. Geometrical shapes effects of optical cavities on entanglement of a representative optomechanical system were investigated by means of performing numerical analysis. It was signified that the steady-state or the dynamic behavior of optomechanical engagement could be created owing to the strength of mechanical pairs, which are strong towards the oscillating temperature. In addition, the mentioned entanglement dynamics were seen to be entirely related to the natural state’s stability. Furthermore, rendering the mechanical damping effects, the critical mechanical coupling strength-related analytical expression, where the transition from a steady state to a dynamic clamp occurs, was reported. In the studied system, two identical mechanical oscillators were formed in different conditions of the optical cavities shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrad Gavahi
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hong Rong Li
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
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11
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Arabshahi M, Wang D, Sun J, Rahnamayiezekavat P, Tang W, Wang Y, Wang X. Review on Sensing Technology Adoption in the Construction Industry. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21248307. [PMID: 34960401 PMCID: PMC8704534 DOI: 10.3390/s21248307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sensing technologies demonstrate promising potential in providing the construction industry with a safe, productive, and high-quality process. The majority of sensing technologies in the construction research area have been focused on construction automation research in prefabrication, on-site operation, and logistics. However, most of these technologies are either not implemented in real construction projects or are at the very early stages in practice. The corresponding applications are far behind, even in extensively researched aspects such as Radio Frequency Identification, ultra-wideband technology, and Fiber Optic Sensing technology. This review systematically investigates the current status of sensing technologies in construction from 187 articles and explores the reasons responsible for their slow adoption from 69 articles. First, this paper identifies common sensing technologies and investigates their implementation extent. Second, contributions and limitations of sensing technologies are elaborated to understand the current status. Third, key factors influencing the adoption of sensing technologies are extracted from construction stakeholders' experience. Demand towards sensing technologies, benefits and suitability of them, and barriers to their adoption are reviewed. Lastly, the governance framework is determined as the research tendency facilitating sensing technologies adoption. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the governance framework development. It will promote the sensing technologies adoption and improve construction performance including safety, productivity, and quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Arabshahi
- School of Design and Built Environment, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (M.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Di Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; (D.W.); (W.T.)
| | - Junbo Sun
- Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Chongqing University, Liyang 213300, China;
| | | | - Weichen Tang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; (D.W.); (W.T.)
| | - Yufei Wang
- School of Design and Built Environment, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (M.A.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- School of Design and Built Environment, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia; (M.A.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Qiao Y, Wang C, Bai FY, Sun LX, Xing YH. Two transition complexes based on 1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylic acid: Synthesis, structure and photocatalytic degradation of dyes. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-210139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks [Co(Hbidc)(H2O)2] (1) and [Mn(Hbidc)(H2O)] (2), with multidentate 1H-benzimidazole-5,6-dicarboxylic acid (H3bidc) ligand, have been synthesized under hydro/solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the center Co atom of complex 1 is six-coordinated with three-dimensional supramolecular structure and center Mn of complex 2 is five-coordinated with exhibiting a 2D layered network. The photodegradation of Crystal violet dye and Methylene blue dye were studied firstly by complexes 1 and 2 as photocatalysts. Research result indicates that the degradation rate for complex 1 can reach 89.85% , 90.6% and that for complex 2 can reach 88.28% , 79.48% . At the same time, corresponding to photocatalytic kinetics was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ying Bai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, P.R. China
| | - Li Xian Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Yong Heng Xing
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, P.R. China
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Generative Design in Building Information Modelling (BIM): Approaches and Requirements. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21165439. [PMID: 34450882 PMCID: PMC8399883 DOI: 10.3390/s21165439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The integration of generative design (GD) and building information modelling (BIM), as a new technology consolidation, can facilitate the constructability of GD’s automatic design solutions, while improving BIM’s capability in the early design phase. Thus, there has been an increasing interest to study GD-BIM, with current focuses mainly on exploring applications and investigating tools. However, there are a lack of studies regarding methodological relationships and skill requirement based on different development objectives or GD properties; thus, the threshold of developing GD-BIM still seems high. This study conducts a critical review of current approaches for developing GD in BIM, and analyses methodological relationships, skill requirements, and improvement of GD-BIM development. Accordingly, novel perspectives of objective-oriented, GD component-based, and skill-driven GD-BIM development as well as reference guides are proposed. Finally, future research directions, challenges, and potential solutions are discussed. This research aims to guide designers in the building industry to properly determine approaches for developing GD-BIM and inspire researchers’ future studies.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Li
- College of Food and Biology, Changchun Polytechnic, Changchun, China
| | - Liguo Han
- College of Food and Biology, Changchun Polytechnic, Changchun, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Nursing College of Chifeng University, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Ranjit Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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15
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Doshvarpassand S, Wang X. An Automated Pipeline for Dynamic Detection of Sub-Surface Metal Loss Defects across Cold Thermography Images. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4811. [PMID: 34300552 PMCID: PMC8309796 DOI: 10.3390/s21144811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Utilising cooling stimulation as a thermal excitation means has demonstrated profound capabilities of detecting sub-surface metal loss using thermography. Previously, a prototype mechanism was introduced which accommodates a thermal camera and cooling source and operates in a reciprocating motion scanning the test piece while cold stimulation is in operation. Immediately after that, the camera registers the thermal evolution. However, thermal reflections, non-uniform stimulation and lateral heat diffusions will remain as undesirable phenomena preventing the effective observation of sub-surface defects. This becomes more challenging when there is no prior knowledge of the non-defective area in order to effectively distinguish between defective and non-defective areas. In this work, the previously automated acquisition and processing pipeline is re-designed and optimised for two purposes: 1-Through the previous work, the mentioned pipeline was used to analyse a specific area of the test piece surface in order to reconstruct the reference area and identify defects. In order to expand the application of this device over the entire test area, regardless of its extension, the pipeline is improved in which the final surface image is reconstructed by taking into account multiple segments of the test surface. The previously introduced pre-processing method of Dynamic Reference Reconstruction (DRR) is enhanced by using a more rigorous thresholding procedure. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is then used in order for feature (DRR images) reduction. 2-The results of PCA on multiple segment images of the test surface revealed different ranges of intensities across each segment image. This potentially could cause mistaken interpretation of the defective and non-defective areas. An automated segmentation method based on Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) is used to assist the expert user in more effective detection of the defective areas when the non-defective areas are uniformly characterised as background. The final results of GMM have shown not only the capability of accurately detecting subsurface metal loss as low as 37.5% but also the successful detection of defects that were either unidentifiable or invisible in either the original thermal images or their PCA transformed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Doshvarpassand
- WA School of Mines, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia;
- School of Design and Built Environment, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
- Australasian Joint Research Centre for Building Information Modelling, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
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16
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Rana P, Shehzad S, Ambreen T, Selim MM. Numerical study based on CVFEM for nanofluid radiation and magnetized natural convected heat transportation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Thermodynamic stability, structural and electronic properties for the C 20-nAl n heterofullerenes (n = 1-5): a DFT study. J Mol Model 2021; 27:124. [PMID: 33825040 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations are utilized to compare and contrast the substituted aluminum-heterofullerenes, C20-nAln (with n = 1-5) from thermodynamically view point, at density functional theory (DFT). Vibrational frequency analysis confirms that apart from C15Al5, all studied species are true minima. Considering the optimized geometries shows that all heterofullerenes are isolated-pentagon cage and none collapse to open deformed as segregated structure. The highest binding energy (5.56 eV/atom) and absolute heat of atomization (3323.68 kcal mol-1) reveals open-shell C19Al1 as the most stable thermodynamic heterofullerene. The most NICS (0) (isotropic and anisotropic parameters, -49.58 and - 46.47 ppm, respectively) introduces closed-shell C18Al2-2 as the most aromatic structure. Also, closed-shell C16Al4-1 heterofullerene emerges with the most polarizability (307.71 a.u.) and hence activity to interact with the surrounding polar species. The lowest and the highest charge transfer on the surfaces of C20 and C16Al4-2 without weak Al-Al bond, as the worst and the best candidate, respectively, provokes further investigation on impossible and possible application for hydrogen storage, respectively. We wish that the present survey will stimulate new experiments.
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Synthesizing Multi-Layer Perceptron Network with Ant Lion Biogeography-Based Dragonfly Algorithm Evolutionary Strategy Invasive Weed and League Champion Optimization Hybrid Algorithms in Predicting Heating Load in Residential Buildings. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13063198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The significance of accurate heating load (HL) approximation is the primary motivation of this research to distinguish the most efficient predictive model among several neural-metaheuristic models. The proposed models are formulated through synthesizing a multi-layer perceptron network (MLP) with ant lion optimization (ALO), biogeography-based optimization (BBO), the dragonfly algorithm (DA), evolutionary strategy (ES), invasive weed optimization (IWO), and league champion optimization (LCA) hybrid algorithms. Each ensemble is optimized in terms of the operating population. Accordingly, the ALO-MLP, BBO-MLP, DA-MLP, ES-MLP, IWO-MLP, and LCA-MLP presented their best performance for population sizes of 350, 400, 200, 500, 50, and 300, respectively. The comparison was carried out by implementing a ranking system. Based on the obtained overall scores (OSs), the BBO (OS = 36) featured as the most capable optimization technique, followed by ALO (OS = 27) and ES (OS = 20). Due to the efficient performance of these algorithms, the corresponding MLPs can be promising substitutes for traditional methods used for HL analysis.
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19
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Deep Learning-Based Applications for Safety Management in the AEC Industry: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11020821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Safety is an essential topic to the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. However, traditional methods for structural health monitoring (SHM) and jobsite safety management (JSM) are not only inefficient, but also costly. In the past decade, scholars have developed a wide range of deep learning (DL) applications to address automated structure inspection and on-site safety monitoring, such as the identification of structural defects, deterioration patterns, unsafe workforce behaviors and latent risk factors. Although numerous studies have examined the effectiveness of the DL methodology, there has not been one comprehensive, systematic, evidence-based review of all individual articles that investigate the effectiveness of using DL in the SHM and JSM industry to date, nor has there been an examination of this body of evidence in regard to these methodological problems. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to disclose the state of the art of current research progress and determine the relevant gaps, challenges and future work. Methodically, CiteSpace was employed to summarize the research trends, advancements and frontiers of DL applications from 2010 to 2020. Next, an application-focused literature review was conducted, which led to a summary of research gaps, recommendations and future research directions. Overall, this review gains insight into SHM and JSM and aims to help researchers formulate more types of effective DL applications which have not been addressed sufficiently for the time being.
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Strain Transfer Characteristics of Multi-Layer Optical Fiber Sensors with Temperature-Dependent Properties at Low Temperature. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020495. [PMID: 33445596 PMCID: PMC7827337 DOI: 10.3390/s21020495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Optical fiber sensors have been potentially expected to apply in the extreme environment for their advantages of measurement in a large temperature range. The packaging measure which makes the strain sensing fiber survive in these harsh conditions will commonly introduce inevitable strain transfer errors. In this paper, the strain transfer characteristics of a multi-layer optical fiber sensing structure working at cryogenic environment with temperature gradients have been investigated theoretically. A generalized three-layer shear lag model incorporating with temperature-dependent properties of layers was developed. The strain transfer relationship between the optical fiber core and the matrix has been derived in form of a second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) with variable coefficients, where the Young’s modulus and the coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) are considered as functions of temperature. The strain transfer characteristics of the optical sensing structure were captured by solving the ODE boundary problems for cryogenic temperature loads. Case studies of the cooling process from room temperature to some certain low temperatures and gradient temperature loads for different low-temperature zones were addressed. The results showed that different temperature load configurations cause different strain transfer error features which can be described by the proposed model. The protective layer always plays a main role, and the optimization geometrical parameters should be carefully designed. To verify the theoretical predictions, an experiment study on the thermal strain measurement of an aluminum bar with optical fiber sensors was conducted. LUNA ODiSI 6100 integrator was used to measure the Rayleigh backscattering spectra shift of the optical fiber at a uniform temperature and a gradient temperature under liquid nitrogen temperature zone, and a reasonable agreement with the theory was presented.
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Dhyani A, Bhatia K, Sharma S, Tewari B, Mandal P. Optical transmission through MDM plasmonic tri-layer consisting of T and L shape periodic structures. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2021.1990824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Dhyani
- Department of Applied Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - K.S. Bhatia
- Department of Electronics, G.B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal, India
| | - Sudesh Sharma
- Department of Physics, R.P. Degree College, Kamalganz, Farrukhabad, India
| | - B.S. Tewari
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, G.B. Pant Institute of Engineering and Technology, Pauri Garhwal, India
| | - P. Mandal
- Department of Applied Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
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Hong C, Qian H, Song G. Uniaxial Compressive Behavior of Concrete Columns Confined with Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Wires. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13051227. [PMID: 32182842 PMCID: PMC7085110 DOI: 10.3390/ma13051227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) exhibits the ability to undergo large deformations before reverting back to its undeformed shape following the removal of the load. This unique property underlies its great potential in the seismic design and retrofitting of structure members. In this paper, superelastic SMA wires were utilized to confine concrete cylinders to enhance their axial compressive behavior. The axial carrying and deformation capacities of SMA-confined concrete cylinders are assessed by uniaxial compression testing on a total of eight SMA-confined concrete columns and one unconfined column. The influence of the amount of SMA and the prestrain level of SMA wires, as well as the reinforcing mode, on the axial carrying and deformation capacity of confined concrete columns were considered. The analysis focuses on the axial carrying capacity and deformation performance of concrete columns reinforced with superelastic SMA under different loading conditions. Based on the experimental data and analysis results, it is found that superelastic SMA wires can increase the axial loading capacity and enhance deformation performance of concrete columns. Under the same loading condition, the ultimate bearing capacity of SMA-confined concrete columns increases as the increasing of the amount of SMA wire. The results of this study verify the effectiveness of superelastic SMA in enhancing the loading capacity and deformation behavior of concrete cylinders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenkai Hong
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Technology Research Center of Civil Engineering Industrialized Construction, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hui Qian
- School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Gangbing Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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