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Fawad M, Salamak M, Poprawa G, Koris K, Jasinski M, Lazinski P, Piotrowski D, Hasnain M, Gerges M. Automation of structural health monitoring (SHM) system of a bridge using BIMification approach and BIM-based finite element model development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13215. [PMID: 37580350 PMCID: PMC10425342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40355-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This research focuses on the automation of an existing structural health monitoring system of a bridge using the BIMification approach. This process starts with the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of an existing bridge for the numerical calculations of static and dynamic parameters. The validation of the FE model and existing SHM system was carried out by the field load testing (Static and dynamic) of the bridge. Further, this study tries to fill the research gap in the area of automatic FE model generation by using a novel methodology that can generate a BIM-based FE model using Visual Programming Language (VPL) scripts. This script can be exported to any FE software to develop the geometry of the FE model. Moreover, the SHM devices are deployed to the Building Information modelling (BIM) model of the bridge to generate the BIM-based sensory model (as per the existing SHM system). In this way, the BIM model is used to manage and monitor the SHM system and control its sensory elements. These sensors are then linked with the self-generated (Internet of Things) IoT platform (coded in Arduino), developing a smart SHM system of the bridge. Resultantly, the system features visualisation and remote accessibility to bridge health monitoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fawad
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Marek Salamak
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Poprawa
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Kalman Koris
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marcin Jasinski
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr Lazinski
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dawid Piotrowski
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Michael Gerges
- University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna St, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY, UK
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Yang D, Wang JQ, Ren WX, Zhang J. A Plastic Optical Fiber Sensing System for Bridge Deflection Measurement. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20020480. [PMID: 31952144 PMCID: PMC7014035 DOI: 10.3390/s20020480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Deflection is one of the key parameters that reflects the state of a bridge. However, deflection measurement is difficult for a bridge that is under operation. Most existing sensors and measuring techniques often do not meet the requirements for health monitoring for various types of bridges. Therefore, based on changes of optical fiber intensity, a novel sensing system using connected pipes to measure bridge deflection in different positions is proposed in this paper. As an absolute reference, the liquid level position along the structure is adopted for the deflection measurement, and an additional external reference to the ground is not needed in this system. The proposed system consists of three parts: connected pipes to connect the measurement points along the structure, liquid to fill in the connected pipes, and the sensing element to detect the change of level. A plastic optical fiber sensor based on the intensity change is used as the sensing element of the developed system. Then, a set of experimental tests are conducted for performance evaluation purposes. Results show that this system has an accurate linear response and high reliability under various environmental conditions. The deflection of the test beam measured by the sensor agrees with linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) within an error margin of 2.1%. The proposed system shows great potential applicability for future health monitoring of long-span bridges.
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