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Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Pan Q, Yan X, Li X, Yang Z. Enhancing Ultrasound Power Transfer: Efficiency, Acoustics, and Future Directions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407395. [PMID: 39044603 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Implantable medical devices (IMDs), like pacemakers regulating heart rhythm or deep brain stimulators treating neurological disorders, revolutionize healthcare. However, limited battery life necessitates frequent surgeries for replacements. Ultrasound power transfer (UPT) emerges as a promising solution for sustainable IMD operation. Current research prioritizes implantable materials, with less emphasis on sound field analysis and maximizing energy transfer during wireless power delivery. This review addresses this gap. A comprehensive analysis of UPT technology, examining cutting-edge system designs, particularly in power supply and efficiency is provided. The review critically examines existing efficiency models, summarizing the key parameters influencing energy transmission in UPT systems. For the first time, an energy flow diagram of a general UPT system is proposed to offer insights into the overall functioning. Additionally, the review explores the development stages of UPT technology, showcasing representative designs and applications. The remaining challenges, future directions, and exciting opportunities associated with UPT are discussed. By highlighting the importance of sustainable IMDs with advanced functions like biosensing and closed-loop drug delivery, as well as UPT's potential, this review aims to inspire further research and advancements in this promising field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhuomin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yanhu Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Qiqi Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xiaodong Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xuemu Li
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhengbao Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, China
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Chimene D, Queener KMK, Ko BS, McShane M, Daniele M. Insertable Biosensors: Combining Implanted Sensing Materials with Wearable Monitors. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 26:197-221. [PMID: 38346276 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110222-101045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Insertable biosensor systems are medical diagnostic devices with two primary components: an implantable biosensor within the body and a wearable monitor that can remotely interrogate the biosensor from outside the body. Because the biosensor does not require a physical connection to the electronic monitor, insertable biosensor systems promise improved patient comfort, reduced inflammation and infection risk, and extended operational lifetimes relative to established percutaneous biosensor systems. However, the lack of physical connection also presents technical challenges that have necessitated new innovations in developing sensing chemistries, transduction methods, and communication modalities. In this review, we discuss the key developments that have made insertables a promising option for longitudinal biometric monitoring and highlight the essential needs and existing development challenges to realizing the next generation of insertables for extended-use diagnostic and prognostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chimene
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA;
| | - Kirstie M K Queener
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian S Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA;
| | - Mike McShane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA;
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA;
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Kondapalli SH, Chakrabartty S. Sub-Nanowatt Ultrasonic Bio-Telemetry Using B-Scan Imaging. IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 2:17-25. [PMID: 33748769 PMCID: PMC7978362 DOI: 10.1109/ojemb.2021.3053174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Goal: The objective of this paper is to investigate if the use of a B-scan ultrasound imaging system can reduce the energy requirements, and hence the power-dissipation requirements to support wireless bio-telemetry at an implantable device. Methods: B-scan imaging data were acquired using a commercial 256-element linear ultrasound transducer array which was driven by a commercial echoscope. As a transmission medium, we used a water-bath and the operation of the implantable device was emulated using a commercial-off-the-shelf micro-controller board. The telemetry parameters (e.g. transmission rate and transmission power) were wirelessly controlled using a two-way radio-frequency transceiver. B-scan imaging data were post-processed using a maximum-threshold decoder and the quality of the ultrasonic telemetry link was quantified in terms of its bit-error-rate (BER). Results: Measured results show that a reliable B-scan communication link with an implantable device can be achieved at transmission power levels of 100 pW and for implantation depths greater than 10 cm. Conclusions: In this paper we demonstrated that a combination of B-scan imaging and a simple decoding algorithm can significantly reduce the energy-budget requirements for reliable ultrasonic telemetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Harsha Kondapalli
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Shantanu Chakrabartty
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
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