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Ayala CE, Vaughan SR, Pérez RL, Leonard BS, King B, Jorgensen K, Warner IM. Influence of humidity on accuracy of QCM - IR780-based GUMBOS sensor arrays. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1278:341677. [PMID: 37709438 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein, hydrophobic coating materials are reported for QCM detection of VOCs under dry and humid conditions. In this study, IR780-based GUMBOS ([IR780][OTf] and [IR780][NTf2]) were synthesized using an ion exchange reaction and the anions trifluoromethanesulfonimide ([OTf]) and bisperfluoromethanesulfonimide ([NTf2]). The parent iodide salts and GUMBOS ([IR780][I]), [IR780][OTf], and [IR780][NTf2]) were characterized using several analytical techniques. These salts were then employed as sensor coatings on quartz crystal resonators using an electrospray coating method. These sensors were exposed to four flow ratios of five common VOCs in the absence and presence of 10 vol% water. Fundamental frequency responses were recorded and further employed as input variables to develop highly accurate multi-sensor arrays (MSAs). Accuracy was better than 78.3% without water, and better than 91.7% in the presence of water. When multi-harmonic responses were evaluated as input variables to assess discrimination ability for each sensor, highly accurate virtual sensor arrays (VSAs) were developed using each GUMBOS coating. In the case of [IR780][NTf2], a slight improvement in discrimination was achieved in the presence of water (95%) versus the absence of water. Moreover, this study highlights development of readily synthesized hydrophobic coatings of IR780-based GUMBOS for potential detection and discrimination of VOCs in aqueous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlan E Ayala
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Stephanie R Vaughan
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Rocío L Pérez
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30458, USA.
| | - Breona S Leonard
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Baleigh King
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30458, USA
| | - Kyle Jorgensen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, 30458, USA
| | - Isiah M Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.
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Pasupuleti KS, Reddeppa M, Chougule SS, Bak NH, Nam DJ, Jung N, Cho HD, Kim SG, Kim MD. High performance langasite based SAW NO 2 gas sensor using 2D g-C 3N 4@TiO 2 hybrid nanocomposite. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 427:128174. [PMID: 34995998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas has emerged as a severe air pollutant that causes damages to the environment, human life and global ecosystems etc. However, the currently available NO2 gas sensors suffers from insufficient selectivity, sensitivity and long response times that impeding their practical applicability for room temperature (RT) gas sensing. Herein, we report a high performance langasite (LGS) based surface acoustic wave (SAW) RT NO2 gas sensor using 2-dimensional (2D) g-C3N4@TiO2 nanoplates (NP) with {001} facets hybrid nanocomposite as a chemical interface. The g-C3N4@TiO2 NP/LGS SAW device showed a significant negative frequency shift (∆f) of ~19.8 kHz which is 2.4 fold higher than that of the pristine TiO2 NP/LGS SAW sensor toward 100 ppm of NO2 at RT. In addition, the hybrid SAW device fascinatingly exhibited a fast response/recovery time with a low detection limit, high selectivity, and an effective long term stability toward NO2 gas. It also exhibited an enhanced and robust negative frequency shifts under various relative humidity conditions ranging from 20% to 80% for 100 ppm of NO2 gas. The high performance of the g-C3N4 @TiO2 NP/LGS SAW gas sensor can be attributed to the enhanced mass loading effect which was assisted by the large surface area, oxygen vacancies, OH and amine functional groups of the n-n hybrid heterojunction of g-C3N4@TiO2 NP that provide abundant active sites for the adsorption and diffusion of NO2 gas molecules. These results emphasize the significance of the integration of 2D materials with metal oxides for SAW based RT gas sensing technology holds great promise in environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maddaka Reddeppa
- Institute of Quantum Systems (IQS), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - S S Chougule
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology (GEST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hyun Bak
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Nam
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Namgee Jung
- Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology (GEST), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Dong Cho
- Department of Physics, Quantum-functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Gang Kim
- Department of Information and Communications, Joongbu University, 305 Donghen-ro, Goyang, Kyunggi-do 10279, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Deock Kim
- Department of Physics, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Institute of Quantum Systems (IQS), Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Influence of Al Doping on the Morphological, Structural and Gas Sensing Properties of Electrochemically Deposited ZnO Films on Quartz Resonators. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection of hazardous gases at different concentration levels at low and room temperature is still an actual and challenging task. In this paper, Al-doped ZnO thin films are synthesized by the electrochemical deposition method on the gold electrodes of AT-cut quartz resonators, vibrating at 10 MHz. The average roughness, surface morphology and gas sensing properties are investigated. The average roughness of Al-doped ZnO layers strongly depends on the amount of the doping agent Al2(SO4)3 added to the solution. The structural dependence of these films with varying Al concentrations is evident from the scanning electron microscopy images. The sensing properties to ethanol and ammonia analytes were tested in the range of 0–12,800 ppm. In the analysis of the sensitivity to ammonia, a dependence on the concentration of the added Al2(SO4)3 in the electrochemically deposited layers is also observed, as the most sensitive layer is at 3 × 10−5 M. The sensitivity and the detection limit in case of ammonia are, respectively, 0.03 Hz/ppm and 100 ppm for the optimal doping concentration. The sensitivity depends on the active surface area of the layers, with those with a more developed surface being more sensitive. Al-doped ZnO layers showed a good long-term stability and reproducibility towards ammonia and ethanol gases. In the case of ethanol, the sensitivity is an order lower than that for ammonia, as those deposited with Al2(SO4)3 do not practically react to ethanol.
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High-Performance Cataluminescence Sensor Based on Nanosized V 2O 5 for 2-Butanone Detection. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153552. [PMID: 32759660 PMCID: PMC7436099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of high-performance sensors is of great significance for the control of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pollution and their potential hazard. In this paper, high crystalline V2O5 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology of the prepared nanoparticles were characterized by TEM and XRD, and the cataluminescence (CTL) sensing performance was also investigated. Experiments found that the as-prepared V2O5 not only shows sensitive CTL response and good selectivity to 2-butanone, but also exhibits rapid response and recovery speed. The limit of detection was found to be 0.2 mg/m3 (0.07 ppm) at a signal to noise ratio of 3. In addition, the linear range exceeds two orders of magnitude, which points to the promising application of the sensor in monitoring of 2-butanone over a wide concentration range. The mechanism of the sensor exhibiting selectivity to different gas molecules were probed by quantum chemistry calculation. Results showed that the highest partial charge distribution, lowest HOMO-LUMO energy gap and largest dipole moment of 2-butanone among the tested gases result in it having the most sensitive response amongst other VOCs.
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