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Oliva G, Fiorillo AS, Islam SK, Pullano SA. Detection of Propionic Acids Trapped in Thin Zeolite Layer Using Thermal Desorption Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7352. [PMID: 37687805 PMCID: PMC10490041 DOI: 10.3390/s23177352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have recently received considerable attention for the analysis and monitoring of different biochemical processes in biological systems such as humans, plants, and microorganisms. The advantage of using VOCs to gather information about a specific process is that they can be extracted using different types of samples, even at low concentrations. Therefore, VOC levels represent the fingerprints of specific biochemical processes. The aim of this work was to develop a sensor based on a photoionization detector (PID) and a zeolite layer, used as an alternative analytic separation technique for the analysis of VOCs. The identification of VOCs occurred through the evaluation of the emissive profile during the thermal desorption phase, using a stainless-steel chamber for analysis. Emission profiles were evaluated using a double exponential mathematical model, which fit well if compared with the physical system, describing both the evaporation and diffusion processes. The results showed that the zeolite layer was selective for propionic acid molecules if compared to succinic acid molecules, showing linear behavior even at low concentrations. The process to define the optimal adsorption time between the propionic acid molecules was performed in the range of 5 to 60 min, followed by a thermal desorption process at 100 °C. An investigation of the relationship between the evaporation and diffusion rates showed that the maximum concentration of detected propionic acid molecules occurred in 15 min. Other analyses were performed to study how the concentration of VOCs depended on the desorption temperature and the volume of the analysis chamber. For this purpose, tests were performed using three analysis chambers with volumes of 25 × 10-6, 50 × 10-6, and 150 × 10-6 m3 at three different desorption temperatures of 20 °C, 50 °C, and 100 °C, respectively. The results demonstrated that the evaporation rate of the VOCs increased rapidly with an increasing temperature, while the diffusion rate remained almost constant and was characterized by a slow decay time. The diffusion ratio increased when using a chamber with a larger volume. These results highlight the capabilities of this alternative technique for VOC analysis, even for samples with low concentrations. The coupling of a zeolite layer and a PID improves the detection selectivity in portable devices, demonstrating the feasibility of extending its use to a wide range of new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Oliva
- Biomedical Applications Technologies & Sensors (BATS) Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Antonino S. Fiorillo
- Biomedical Applications Technologies & Sensors (BATS) Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Syed Kamrul Islam
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
| | - Salvatore A. Pullano
- Biomedical Applications Technologies & Sensors (BATS) Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;
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Kirsanov D, Mukherjee S, Pal S, Ghosh K, Bhattacharyya N, Bandyopadhyay R, Jendrlin M, Radu A, Zholobenko V, Dehabadi M, Legin A. A Pencil-Drawn Electronic Tongue for Environmental Applications. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21134471. [PMID: 34210087 PMCID: PMC8272086 DOI: 10.3390/s21134471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report on the development of a simple and cost-effective potentiometric sensor array that is based on manual “drawing” on the polymeric support with the pencils composed of graphite and different types of zeolites. The sensor array demonstrates distinct sensitivity towards a variety of inorganic ions in aqueous media. This multisensor system has been successfully applied to quantitative analysis of 100 real-life surface waters sampled in Mahananda and Hooghly rivers in the West Bengal state (India). Partial least squares regression has been utilized to relate responses of the sensors to the values of different water quality parameters. It has been found that the developed sensor array, or electronic tongue, is capable of quantifying total hardness, total alkalinity, and calcium content in the samples, with the mean relative errors below 18%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kirsanov
- Institute of Chemistry, Mendeleev Center, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St Petersburg 199034, Russia; (M.D.); (A.L.)
- Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, Kronversky pr. 49, St Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Subhankar Mukherjee
- Agri and Environmental Electronics (AEE) Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Sector—V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India; (S.M.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Souvik Pal
- Agri and Environmental Electronics (AEE) Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Sector—V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India; (S.M.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Koustuv Ghosh
- Agri and Environmental Electronics (AEE) Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Sector—V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India; (S.M.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Nabarun Bhattacharyya
- Agri and Environmental Electronics (AEE) Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Sector—V, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700091, India; (S.M.); (S.P.); (K.G.); (N.B.)
| | - Rajib Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Instrumentation & Electronics Engg, Jadavpur University, Salt Lake Campus, Block LB, Sector III, Kolkata 700098, India;
| | - Martin Jendrlin
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Birchall Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (M.J.); (A.R.); (V.Z.)
| | - Aleksandar Radu
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Birchall Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (M.J.); (A.R.); (V.Z.)
| | - Vladimir Zholobenko
- Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Birchall Centre, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; (M.J.); (A.R.); (V.Z.)
| | - Monireh Dehabadi
- Institute of Chemistry, Mendeleev Center, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St Petersburg 199034, Russia; (M.D.); (A.L.)
| | - Andrey Legin
- Institute of Chemistry, Mendeleev Center, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, St Petersburg 199034, Russia; (M.D.); (A.L.)
- Laboratory of Artificial Sensory Systems, ITMO University, Kronversky pr. 49, St Petersburg 197101, Russia
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V. Pinto R, Antunes F, Pires J, Silva-Herdade A, Pinto ML. A Comparison of Different Approaches to Quantify Nitric Oxide Release from NO-Releasing Materials in Relevant Biological Media. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 25:molecules25112580. [PMID: 32498254 PMCID: PMC7321377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of solid materials that deliver nitric oxide (NO) are of interest for several therapeutic applications. Nevertheless, due to NO’s reactive nature, rapid diffusion and short half-life, reporting their NO delivery characteristics is rather complex. The full knowledge of this parameter is fundamental to discuss the therapeutic utility of these materials, and thus, the NO quantification strategy must be carefully considered according to the NO-releasing scaffold type, to the expected NO-releasing amounts and to the medium of quantification. In this work, we explore and discuss three different ways of quantifying the release of NO in different biological fluids: haemoglobin assay, Griess assay and NO electrochemical detection. For these measurements, different porous materials, namely zeolites and titanosilicates were used as models for NO-releasing platforms. The oxyhaemoglobin assay offers great sensitivity (nanomolar levels), but it is only possible to monitor the NO release while oxyhaemoglobin is not fully converted. On the other hand, Griess assay has low sensitivity in complex biological media, namely in blood, and interferences with media make NO measurements questionable. Nevertheless, this method can measure micromolar amounts of NO and may be useful for an initial screening for long-term release performance. The electrochemical sensor enabled real-time measurements in a variety of biological settings. However, measured NO is critically low in oxygenated and complex media, giving transient signals, which makes long-term quantification impossible. Despite the disadvantages of each method, the combination of all the results provided a more comprehensive NO release profile for these materials, which will help to determine which formulations are most promising for specific therapeutic applications. This study highlights the importance of using appropriate NO quantification tools to provide accurate reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana V. Pinto
- CERENA. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Fernando Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.A.); (J.P.)
| | - João Pires
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal; (F.A.); (J.P.)
| | - Ana Silva-Herdade
- Instituto de Bioquímica, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Moisés L. Pinto
- CERENA. Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
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