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Carapito Â, Roque ACA, Carvalho F, Pinto J, Guedes de Pinho P. Exploiting volatile fingerprints for bladder cancer diagnosis: A scoping review of metabolomics and sensor-based approaches. Talanta 2024; 268:125296. [PMID: 37839328 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) represents a significant global health concern, for which early detection is essential to improve patient outcomes. This review evaluates the potential of the urinary volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as biomarkers for detecting and staging BC. The methods used include gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomics and electronic-nose (e-nose) sensors. The GC-MS studies that have been published reveal diverse results in terms of diagnostic performance. The sensitivities range from 27 % to an impressive 97 %, while specificities vary between 43 % and 94 %. Furthermore, the accuracies reported in these studies range from 80 to 89 %. In the urine of BC patients, a total of 80 VOCs were discovered to be significantly altered when compared to controls. These VOCs encompassed a variety of chemical classes such as alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, aromatic compounds, fatty acids, ketones, and terpenoids, among others. Conversely, e-nose-based studies displayed sensitivities from 60 to 100 %, specificities from 53 to 96 %, and accuracies from 65 to 97 %. Interestingly, conductive polymer-based sensors performed better, followed by metal oxide semiconductor and optical sensors. GC-MS studies have shown improved performance in detecting early stages and low-grade tumors, providing valuable insights into staging. Based on these findings, VOC-based diagnostic tools hold great promise for early BC detection and staging. Further studies are needed to validate biomarkers and their classification performance. In the future, advancements in VOC profiling technologies may significantly contribute to improving the overall survival and quality of life for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Carapito
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Lab. of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Ana Cecília A Roque
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Lab. of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Pinto
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Lab. of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Guedes de Pinho
- Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; UCIBIO - Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Lab. of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Sun X, Xin S, Li W, Zhang Y, Ye L. Discovery of Notch Pathway-Related Genes for Predicting Prognosis and Tumor Microenvironment Status in Bladder Cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:928778. [PMID: 35846128 PMCID: PMC9279929 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.928778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Notch signaling is a key regulator of immune cell differentiation and linked to autoimmune diseases, tumorigenesis and tumor-induced immunomodulation. An abnormally activated Notch signaling pathway contributes to almost all of the key features of cancer, including tumor angiogenesis, stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Consequently, we investigated Notch pathway-related genes for developing prognostic marker and assessing immune status in bladder cancer. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were utilized to analyze RNA-seq data for bladder cancer. Cluster subtypes were identified using the NMF algorithm. In order to establish a prognostic risk signature, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and Cox regression analysis was utilized. GSEA was carried out to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Immune cell infiltration levels in bladder cancer were calculated using the CIBERSORT algorithm. External clinical tissue samples were used to validate the expression levels of signature genes. Results: Based on the NMF algorithm, bladder cancer samples were divided into two cluster subtypes and displayed different survival outcome and immune microenvironment. A six-gene risk signature (DTX3L, CNTN1, ENO1, GATA3, MAGEA1, and SORBS2) was independent for prognosis and showed good stability. The infiltration of immune cells and clinical variables were significantly different among the risk groups of patients. Response to immunotherapy also differed between different risk groups. Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of the signature genes were verified in tissue samples by qRT-PCR. Conclusion: We established a 6-gene signature associated with Notch pathway in bladder cancer to effectively predict prognosis and reflect immune microenvironment status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyong Xin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Zhang, ; Lin Ye,
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Zhang, ; Lin Ye,
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2D disposable stochastic sensors for molecular recognition and quantification of maspin in biological samples. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:101. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Stochastic Microsensors Based on Carbon Nanotubes for Molecular Recognition of the Isocitrate Dehydrogenases 1 and 2. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030460. [PMID: 35159804 PMCID: PMC8839188 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two three-dimensional (3D) stochastic microsensors based on immobilization of protoporphyrin IX (PIX) in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) decorated with copper (Cu) and gold (Au) nanoparticles were designed and used for the molecular recognition of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) in biological samples (brain tumor tissues, whole blood). The linear concentration ranges obtained for the molecular recognition and quantification of IDH1 and IDH2 were: IDH1 (1 × 10−5–1 × 102 ng mL−1) and IDH2 (5 × 10−8 − 5 × 102 ng mL−1). The limits of quantification obtained using the proposed microsensors were: 10 fg mL–1 for IDH1 and 5 × 10−3 fg mL−1 for IDH2. The highest sensitivities were obtained for the microsensor based on MWCNT. High recoveries versus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) standard method were recorded for the assays of IDH1 and IDH2, all values being higher than 99.00%, with relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 0.10%.
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Gheorghe SS, Cioates Negut C, Badulescu M, Stefan-van Staden RI. Sensitive Detection of Heregulin-α from Biological Samples Using a Disposable Stochastic Sensor Based on Plasma Deposition of GNPs-AgPs' Nanofilms on Silk. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11090894. [PMID: 34575044 PMCID: PMC8465493 DOI: 10.3390/life11090894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A composite material comprised of graphene nanoplatelet and silver particles (GNPs–AgPs) was used for the deposition of GNPs–AgPs’ nanofilms with cold plasma on silk. α-Cyclodextrin was used as a modifier of the active surface of the disposable sensor. The disposable stochastic sensor was used in screening tests for the assay of heregulin-α in whole blood and tissue samples. The disposable stochastic sensor showed a low limit of determination (4.10 fg mL−1) and can be used with high sensitivity on a wide concentration range (4.10 fg mL−1–0.04 µg mL−1). The screening method was validated against ELISA when good correlations (confirmed also by the t-test) were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorin Sebastian Gheorghe
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Catalina Cioates Negut
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei St., 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.C.N.); (R.I.S.-v.S.)
| | - Marius Badulescu
- Low Temperature Plasma Laboratory, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (NILPRP), 409 Atomistilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania;
| | - Raluca Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, 202 Splaiul Independentei St., 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.C.N.); (R.I.S.-v.S.)
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Bogea MI, Stefan-van Staden RI, Gheorghe DC, Ilie-Mihai RM. Enantioanalysis of Aspartic Acid Using 3D Stochastic Sensors. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1917592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Iuliana Bogea
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Damaris-Cristina Gheorghe
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ruxandra-Maria Ilie-Mihai
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter, Bucharest, Romania
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Stefan-van Staden RI, Gheorghe DC, Ilie-Mihai RM, Tudoran LB, Pruneanu SM. Stochastic biosensors based on N- and S-doped graphene for the enantioanalysis of aspartic acid in biological samples. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23301-23309. [PMID: 35479820 PMCID: PMC9036598 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02066h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics plays a very important role in cancer mechanism and also in the early diagnosis of cancer. The enantioanalysis of aminoacids found in biological samples may favor the development of new screening tests for the early diagnosis of cancer. Two stochastic biosensors, based on the immobilization of α-hemolysin and hemin in exfoliated reduced graphene modified with nitrogen and sulphur, were proposed for the enantioanalysis of aspartic acid in biological samples (whole blood, urine, saliva, and tissue). The proposed biosensors showed low limits of quantification, high sensitivity, and large linear concentration ranges. The recoveries of d- and l-aspartic acid in biological samples were higher than 95.00%, with a relative standard deviation lower than 1.00%. Stochastic biosensors based on N- and S-doped graphene modified with hemin or α-hemolysin contributed to establishing the metabolomics of gastric cancer by performing the enantioanalysis of aspartic acid in different biological samples.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter 202 Splaiul Independentei Str. 060021 Bucharest-6 Romania .,Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest Bucharest Romania
| | - Damaris-Cristina Gheorghe
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter 202 Splaiul Independentei Str. 060021 Bucharest-6 Romania .,Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Material Science, Politehnica University of Bucharest Bucharest Romania
| | - Ruxandra-Maria Ilie-Mihai
- Laboratory of Electrochemistry and PATLAB, National Institute of Research for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter 202 Splaiul Independentei Str. 060021 Bucharest-6 Romania
| | - Lucian-Barbu Tudoran
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies Donat Street 67-103 Cluj-Napoca Romania
| | - Stela Maria Pruneanu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies Donat Street 67-103 Cluj-Napoca Romania
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3D stochastic microsensors for molecular recognition and determination of heregulin-α in biological samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:3487-3492. [PMID: 33763747 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Two 3D stochastic microsensors based on single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified with 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine manganese (III) chloride were proposed for the molecular recognition and determination of heregulin-α, in whole blood samples and tumour brain tissues. The proposed 3D stochastic sensors had limits of determinations of 102 fg mL-1 and high sensitivities. The linear concentration ranges of the two 3D stochastic microsensors covered the healthy people as well as the patients confirmed with brain cancer. Determination of heregulin-α was done in whole blood and tissue samples using the screening method based on the proposed 3D stochastic microsensors as well as using the ELISA method; very good correlations were obtained between the two methods proving that the proposed method can be used in screening tests of whole blood and tumoural tissue samples for molecular recognition and determination of heregulin-α.
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