1
|
Malachy Udowo V, Unimuke TO, Louis H, Udoh II, Edet HO, Okafor PC. Enhanced sensing of bacteria biomarkers by ZnO and graphene oxide decorated PEDOT film. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38499994 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2328740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Developing a biofilm biomarker detector and inhibitor will immensely benefit efforts geared at curbing infectious diseases and microbiologically induced corrosion of medical implants, marine vessels and buried steel pipelines. N-Acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs) are important biomarkers gram-negative bacteria use for communication. In this work, we investigated the interactions between three AHL molecules and graphene oxide (GO) and ZnO nanomaterials embedded in conjugated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film. The results show that PEDOT/GO/ZnO detected AHLs to a considerable extent with adsorption enthalpies of -4.02, -4.87 and -4.97 KJ/mol, respectively, for N-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)heptanamide (AHL1), 2-hydroxy-N-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)nonanamide (AHL2) and (E)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-(2-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)acrylamide (AHL3) molecules. The ZnO nanoparticles facilitated charge redistribution and transfer, thereby enhancing the conductivity and overall sensitivity of the substrate toward the AHLs. The adsorption distance and sites of interactions further tuned the charge migration and signal generation by the substrate, thus affirming the suitability of the modeled thin film as a sensor material. Excellent stability and conductivity were maintained before and after the adsorption of each AHL molecule. Moreover, the desorption time for each AHL molecule was calculated, and the result affirmed that the modeled film materials are promising for developing highly sensitive biosensors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Malachy Udowo
- Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tomsmith O Unimuke
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Hitler Louis
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy or Research and Education, Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Inime Ime Udoh
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henry O Edet
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Peter C Okafor
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lai CL, Karmakar R, Mukundan A, Chen WC, Wu IC, Fedorov VE, Feng SW, Choomjinda U, Huang SF, Wang HC. Lung cancer cells detection by a photoelectrochemical MoS 2 biosensing chip. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:753-771. [PMID: 38404333 PMCID: PMC10890875 DOI: 10.1364/boe.511900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This research aims to explore the potential application of this approach in the production of biosensor chips. The biosensor chip is utilized for the identification and examination of early-stage lung cancer cells. The findings of the optical microscope were corroborated by the field emission scanning electron microscopy, which provided further evidence that the growth of MoS2 is uniform and that there is minimal disruption in the electrode, hence minimizing the likelihood of an open circuit creation. Furthermore, the bilayer structure of the produced MoS2 has been validated through the utilization of Raman spectroscopy. A research investigation was undertaken to measure the photoelectric current generated by three various types of clinical samples containing lung cancer cells, specifically the CL1, NCI-H460, and NCI-H520 cell lines. The findings from the empirical analysis indicate that the coefficient of determination (R-Square) for the linear regression model was approximately 98%. Furthermore, the integration of a double-layer MoS2 film resulted in a significant improvement of 38% in the photocurrent, as observed in the device's performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Liang Lai
- Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 2, Minsheng Road, Dalin, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, 701 Zhongyang Rd., Sec. 3, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Riya Karmakar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, Min Hsiung, Chiayi City 62102, Taiwan
| | - Arvind Mukundan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, Min Hsiung, Chiayi City 62102, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Department of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan
| | - Vladimir E Fedorov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 1, Pirogova str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Shih-Wei Feng
- Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, 700 Kaohsiung University Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Ubol Choomjinda
- School of Nursing, Shinawatra University, 99 Moo 10, Bangtoey, Samkhok, Pathum Thani 12160, Thailand
| | - Shu-Fang Huang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2, Zhongzheng 1st. Rd., Kaohsiung City 80284, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Road, Min Hsiung, Chiayi City 62102, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liao WC, Mukundan A, Sadiaza C, Tsao YM, Huang CW, Wang HC. Systematic meta-analysis of computer-aided detection to detect early esophageal cancer using hyperspectral imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:4383-4405. [PMID: 37799695 PMCID: PMC10549751 DOI: 10.1364/boe.492635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the leading causes of cancer deaths is esophageal cancer (EC) because identifying it in early stage is challenging. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) could detect the early stages of EC have been developed in recent years. Therefore, in this study, complete meta-analysis of selected studies that only uses hyperspectral imaging to detect EC is evaluated in terms of their diagnostic test accuracy (DTA). Eight studies are chosen based on the Quadas-2 tool results for systematic DTA analysis, and each of the methods developed in these studies is classified based on the nationality of the data, artificial intelligence, the type of image, the type of cancer detected, and the year of publishing. Deeks' funnel plot, forest plot, and accuracy charts were made. The methods studied in these articles show the automatic diagnosis of EC has a high accuracy, but external validation, which is a prerequisite for real-time clinical applications, is lacking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Liao
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Arvind Mukundan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Cleorita Sadiaza
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Far Eastern University, P. Paredes St., Sampaloc, Manila, 1015, Philippines
| | - Yu-Ming Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2, Zhongzheng 1st.Rd., Lingya District, Kaohsiung City 80284, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Tajen University, 20, Weixin Rd., Yanpu Township, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Chen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, No. 2, Minsheng Road, Dalin, Chiayi, 62247, Taiwan
- Director of Technology Development, Hitspectra Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., 4F., No. 2, Fuxing 4th Rd., Qianzhen Dist., Kaohsiung City 80661, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang Z, Chen G, Deng F, Li Y. Nanostructured Graphdiyne: Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6467-6490. [PMID: 36573204 PMCID: PMC9789722 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s383707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphdiyne (GDY) is a 2D carbon allotrope that features a one-atom-thick network of sp- and sp2-hybridized carbon atoms with high degrees of π conjugation. Due to its distinct electronic, chemical, mechanical, and magnetic properties, GDY has attracted great attention and shown great potential in various fields, such as catalysis, energy storage, and the environment. Preparation of GDY with various nanostructures, including 0D quantum dots, 1D nanotubes/nanowires/nanoribbons, 2D nanosheets/nanowalls/ordered stripe arrays, and 3D nanospheres, greatly improves its function and has propelled its applications forward. High biocompatibility and stability make GDY a promising candidate for biomedical applications. This review introduces the latest developments in fabrication of GDY-based nanomaterials with various morphologies and summarizes their propective use in the biomedical domain, specifically focusing on their potential advantages and applications for biosensing, cancer diagnosis and therapy, radiation protection, and tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Huang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanhui Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feilong Deng
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China,Correspondence: Feilong Deng; Yiming Li, Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, 56 Ling yuan xi Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou 510055, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 20 8386-3002, Fax +86 20-8382-2807, Email ;
| | - Yiming Li
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, People’s Republic of China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sundramoorthy AK, Atchudan R. Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using biosensors made of conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), with antifouling properties in human blood. Oral Oncol 2022; 134:106138. [PMID: 36182723 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.106138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K Sundramoorthy
- Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsai TJ, Mukundan A, Chi YS, Tsao YM, Wang YK, Chen TH, Wu IC, Huang CW, Wang HC. Intelligent Identification of Early Esophageal Cancer by Band-Selective Hyperspectral Imaging. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174292. [PMID: 36077827 PMCID: PMC9454598 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the combination of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology and band selection was coupled with color reproduction. The white-light images (WLIs) were simulated as narrow-band endoscopic images (NBIs). As a result, the blood vessel features in the endoscopic image became more noticeable, and the prediction performance was improved. In addition, a single-shot multi-box detector model for predicting the stage and location of esophageal cancer was developed to evaluate the results. A total of 1780 esophageal cancer images, including 845 WLIs and 935 NBIs, were used in this study. The images were divided into three stages based on the pathological features of esophageal cancer: normal, dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma. The results showed that the mean average precision (mAP) reached 80% in WLIs, 85% in NBIs, and 84% in HSI images. This study′s results showed that HSI has more spectral features than white-light imagery, and it improves accuracy by about 5% and matches the results of NBI predictions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Jung Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chia Yi City 60002, Taiwan
| | - Arvind Mukundan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI) and Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi City 62102, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Chi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI) and Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi City 62102, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ming Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI) and Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi City 62102, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Kuang Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chia Yi City 60002, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100, Tzyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80756, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2, Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Lingya District, Kaohsiung City 80284, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Tajen University, 20, Weixin Rd., Yanpu Township, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (H.-C.W.)
| | - Hsiang-Chen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI) and Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi City 62102, Taiwan
- Director of Technology Development, Hitspectra Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., 4F., No. 2, Fuxing 4th Rd., Qianzhen Dist., Kaohsiung City 80661, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (H.-C.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fang YJ, Mukundan A, Tsao YM, Huang CW, Wang HC. Identification of Early Esophageal Cancer by Semantic Segmentation. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12081204. [PMID: 35893299 PMCID: PMC9331549 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12081204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early detection of esophageal cancer has always been difficult, thereby reducing the overall five-year survival rate of patients. In this study, semantic segmentation was used to predict and label esophageal cancer in its early stages. U-Net was used as the basic artificial neural network along with Resnet to extract feature maps that will classify and predict the location of esophageal cancer. A total of 75 white-light images (WLI) and 90 narrow-band images (NBI) were used. These images were classified into three categories: normal, dysplasia, and squamous cell carcinoma. After labeling, the data were divided into a training set, verification set, and test set. The training set was approved by the encoder–decoder model to train the prediction model. Research results show that the average time of 111 ms is used to predict each image in the test set, and the evaluation method is calculated in pixel units. Sensitivity is measured based on the severity of the cancer. In addition, NBI has higher accuracy of 84.724% when compared with the 82.377% accuracy rate of WLI, thereby making it a suitable method to detect esophageal cancer using the algorithm developed in this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, No. 579, Sec. 2, Yunlin Rd., Dou-Liu 64041, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, No. 1 Jen Ai Rd. Sec. 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Arvind Mukundan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; (A.M.); (Y.-M.T.)
| | - Yu-Ming Tsao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; (A.M.); (Y.-M.T.)
- Hitspectra Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., 4F., No. 2, Fuxing 4th Rd., Qianzhen Dist., Kaohsiung 80661, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wei Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2, Zhongzheng 1st. Rd., Lingya Dist., Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Tajen University, 20, Weixin Rd., Yanpu Township, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (H.-C.W.)
| | - Hsiang-Chen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chiayi 62102, Taiwan; (A.M.); (Y.-M.T.)
- Correspondence: (C.-W.H.); (H.-C.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hsiao YP, Mukundan A, Chen WC, Wu MT, Hsieh SC, Wang HC. Design of a Lab-On-Chip for Cancer Cell Detection through Impedance and Photoelectrochemical Response Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060405. [PMID: 35735553 PMCID: PMC9221223 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a biochip was fabricated using a light-absorbing layer of a silicon solar element combined with serrated, interdigitated electrodes and used to identify four different types of cancer cells: CE81T esophageal cancer, OE21 esophageal cancer, A549 lung adenocarcinoma, and TSGH-8301 bladder cancer cells. A string of pearls was formed from dielectrophoretic aggregated cancer cells because of the serrated interdigitated electrodes. Thus, cancer cells were identified in different parts, and electron-hole pairs were separated by photo-excited carriers through the light-absorbing layer of the solar element. The concentration catalysis mechanism of GSH and GSSG was used to conduct photocurrent response and identification, which provides the fast, label-free measurement of cancer cells. The total time taken for this analysis was 13 min. Changes in the impedance value and photocurrent response of each cancer cell were linearly related to the number of cells, and the slope of the admittance value was used to distinguish the location of the cancerous lesion, the slope of the photocurrent response, and the severity of the cancerous lesion. The results show that the number of cancerous cells was directly proportional to the admittance value and the photocurrent response for all four different types of cancer cells. Additionally, different types of cancer cells could easily be differentiated using the slope value of the photocurrent response and the admittance value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Hsiao
- Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South District, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan;
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., South District, Taichung City 40201, Taiwan
| | - Arvind Mukundan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chung Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (M.-T.W.)
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan; (W.-C.C.); (M.-T.W.)
- Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807377, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Chin Hsieh
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2, Zhongzheng 1st Rd., Lingya District, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-C.H.); (H.-C.W.)
| | - Hsiang-Chen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-C.H.); (H.-C.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Characteristics of P-Type and N-Type Photoelectrochemical Biosensors: A Case Study for Esophageal Cancer Detection. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11051065. [PMID: 33919216 PMCID: PMC8143162 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
P-type and N-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors were established in the laboratory to discuss the correlation between characteristic substances and photoactive material properties through the photogenerated charge carrier transport mechanism. Four types of human esophageal cancer cells (ECCs) were analyzed without requiring additional bias voltage. Photoelectrical characteristics were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis reflectance spectroscopy, and photocurrent response analyses. Results showed that smaller photocurrent was measured in cases with advanced cancer stages. Glutathione (L-glutathione reduced, GSH) and Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in cancer cells carry out redox reactions during carrier separation, which changes the photocurrent. The sensor can identify ECC stages with a certain level of photoelectrochemical response. The detection error can be optimized by adjusting the number of cells, and the detection time of about 5 min allowed repeated measurement.
Collapse
|