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Liu F, Liu K, Rafique S, Xu Z, Niu W, Li X, Wang Y, Deng L, Wang J, Yue X, Li T, Wang J, Ayala P, Cong C, Qin Y, Yu A, Chi N, Zhan Y. Highly Efficient and Stable Self-Powered Mixed Tin-Lead Perovskite Photodetector Used in Remote Wearable Health Monitoring Technology. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205879. [PMID: 36494090 PMCID: PMC9929128 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Realization of remote wearable health monitoring (RWHM) technology for the flexible photodiodes is highly desirable in remote-sensing healthcare systems used in space stations, oceans, and forecasting warning, which demands high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and detectivity in NIR region. Traditional inorganic photodetectors (PDs) are mechanically rigid and expensive while the widely reported solution-processed mixed tin-lead (MSP) perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) exhibit a trade-off between EQE and detectivity in the NIR region. Herein, a novel functional passivating antioxidant (FPA) strategy has been introduced for the first time to simultaneously improve crystallization, restrain Sn2+ oxidization, and reduce defects in MSP perovskite films by multiple interactions between thiophene-2-carbohydrazide (TAH) molecules and cations/anions in MSP perovskite. The resultant solution-processed rigid mixed Sn-Pb PPD simultaneously achieves high EQE (75.4% at 840 nm), detectivity (1.8 × 1012 Jones at 840 nm), ultrafast response time (trise /tfall = 94 ns/97 ns), and improved stability. This work also highlights the demonstration of the first flexible photodiode using MSP perovskite and FPA strategy with remarkably high EQE (75% at 840 nm), and operational stability. Most importantly, the RWHM is implemented for the first time in the PIN MSP perovskite photodiodes to remotely monitor the heart rate of humans at rest and after-run conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengcai Liu
- Center for Micro Nano SystemsSchool of Information Science and Technology (SIST)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Center for Micro Nano SystemsSchool of Information Science and Technology (SIST)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Saqib Rafique
- Center for Micro Nano SystemsSchool of Information Science and Technology (SIST)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Zengyi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE)Department of Communication Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Niu
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE)Department of Communication Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguo Li
- Center for Micro Nano SystemsSchool of Information Science and Technology (SIST)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE)Department of Communication Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Deng
- Center for Micro Nano SystemsSchool of Information Science and Technology (SIST)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Center for Micro Nano SystemsSchool of Information Science and Technology (SIST)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Xiaofei Yue
- Center for Micro Nano SystemsSchool of Information Science and Technology (SIST)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE)and Shanghai Ultra‐precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research CenterDepartment of Optical Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (MOE)and Shanghai Ultra‐precision Optical Manufacturing Engineering Research CenterDepartment of Optical Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Paola Ayala
- Faculty of PhysicsUniversity of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Chunxiao Cong
- Center for Micro Nano SystemsSchool of Information Science and Technology (SIST)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Yajie Qin
- Center for Micro Nano SystemsSchool of Information Science and Technology (SIST)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Anran Yu
- Center for Micro Nano SystemsSchool of Information Science and Technology (SIST)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Nan Chi
- Key Laboratory for Information Science of Electromagnetic Waves (MoE)Department of Communication Science and EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- Center for Micro Nano SystemsSchool of Information Science and Technology (SIST)Fudan UniversityShanghai200433P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontier Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and PerceptionInstitute of OptoelectronicsFudan University2005 Songhu RoadShanghai200438P. R. China
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Yang T, Luo Z, Bewal T, Li L, Xu Y, Mahdi Jafari S, Lin X. When smartphone enters food safety: A review in on-site analysis for foodborne pathogens using smartphone-assisted biosensors. Food Chem 2022; 394:133534. [PMID: 35752124 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens are one of the supreme threats for the public health around the world in food supply chain. The on-site monitoring is an emerging trend for screening pathogens during the food processing and preserving. Traditional analytical tools have been unable to satisfy the current demands. Smartphones have enormous potentials for achieving on-site detection of foodborne pathogens, with intrinsic advantages such as small size, high accessibility, fast processing speed, and powerful imaging capacity. This review aims to synthesize the current advances in smartphone-assisted biosensors (SABs) for sensing foodborne pathogens, and briefly put forward the problem that consist in the research. We present the role of nanotechnology and recognition modes targeting foodborne pathogens in SABs, and discuss the signal conversion platforms coupling with smartphone. The challenges and perspectives in SABs are also proposed. The smartphone analytics area is moving forward, and it much be subject to careful quality standards and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zisheng Luo
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Tarun Bewal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Xu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Xingyu Lin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China.
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Qin F, Zhang K, Lin B, Su P, Jia Z, Xi K, Ye J, Gu S. Solution for Mass Production of High-Throughput Digital Microfluidic Chip Based on a-Si TFT with In-Pixel Boost Circuit. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101199. [PMID: 34683251 PMCID: PMC8541461 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most popular research hotspot of lab-on-chip, digital microfluidic (DMF) technology based on the principle of electrowetting has unique advantages of high-precision, low cost and programmable control. However, due to the limitation of electrodes number, the throughput is hard to further upgrade. Therefore, active matrix electrowetting-on-dielectric (AM-EWOD) technology is a solution to acquire larger scale of driving electrodes. However, the process of manufacturing of AM-EWOD based on thin-film-transistor (TFT) is complex and expensive. Besides, the driving voltage of DMF chip is usually much higher than that of common display products.In this paper, a solution for mass production of AM-EWOD based on amorphous silicon (a-Si) is provided. Samples of 32 × 32 matrix AM-EWOD chips was designed and manufactured. A boost circuit was integrated into the pixel, which can raise the pixel voltage up by about 50%. Customized designed Printed Circuit Board (PCB) was used to supply the timing signals and driving voltage to make the motion of droplets programmable. The process of moving, mixing and generation of droplets was demonstrated.The minimum voltage in need was about 20 V and a velocity of up to 96 mm/s was achieved. Such an DMF device with large-scale matrix and low driving voltage will be very suitable for POCT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qin
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Q.); (J.Y.)
- Shanghai AVIC Optoelectronics, 3388 Huaning Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 201108, China;
| | - Kaidi Zhang
- Shanghai Tianma Micro-Electronics, 889 Huiqing Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201201, China; (K.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Baiquan Lin
- Shanghai Tianma Micro-Electronics, 889 Huiqing Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201201, China; (K.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Ping Su
- Shanghai Tianma Micro-Electronics, 889 Huiqing Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201201, China; (K.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhenyu Jia
- Shanghai Tianma Micro-Electronics, 889 Huiqing Rd., Pudong District, Shanghai 201201, China; (K.Z.); (B.L.); (P.S.); (Z.J.)
| | - Kerui Xi
- Shanghai AVIC Optoelectronics, 3388 Huaning Rd., Minhang District, Shanghai 201108, China;
| | - Jiandong Ye
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Q.); (J.Y.)
| | - Shulin Gu
- School of Electronic Science & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (F.Q.); (J.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Grant N, Geiss B, Field S, Demann A, Chen TW. Design of a Hand-Held and Battery-Operated Digital Microfluidic Device Using EWOD for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:1065. [PMID: 34577709 PMCID: PMC8466106 DOI: 10.3390/mi12091065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidics offer many advantages to Point of Care (POC) devices through lower reagent use and smaller size. Additionally, POC devices offer the unique potential to conduct tests outside of the laboratory. In particular, Electro-wetting on Dielectric (EWOD) microfluidics has been shown to be an effective way to move and mix liquids enabling many PoC devices. However, much of the research surrounding these microfluidic systems are focused on a single aspect of the system capability, such as droplet control or a specific new application at the device level using the EWOD technology. Often in these experiments the supporting systems required for operation are bench top equipment such as function generators, power supplies, and personal computers. Although various aspects of how an EWOD device is capable of moving and mixing droplets have been demonstrated at various levels, a complete self-contained and portable lab-on-a-chip system based on the EWOD technology has not been well demonstrated. For instance, EWOD systems tend to use high voltage alternating current (AC) signals to actuate electrodes, but little consideration is given to circuitry size or power consumption of such components to make the entire system portable. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of integrating all supporting hardware and software to correctly operate an EWOD device in a completely self-contained and battery-powered handheld unit. We present results that demonstrate a complete sample preparation flow for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction and isolation. The device was designed to be a field deployable, hand-held platform capable of performing many other sample preparation tasks automatically. Liquids are transported using EWOD and controlled via a programmable microprocessor. The programmable nature of the device allows it to be configured for a variety of tests for different applications. Many considerations were given towards power consumption, size, and system complexity which make it ideal for use in a mobile environment. The results presented in this paper show a promising step forward to the portable capability of microfluidic devices based on the EWOD technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Grant
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Brian Geiss
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
| | - Stuart Field
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (S.F.); (A.D.)
| | - August Demann
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; (S.F.); (A.D.)
| | - Thomas W. Chen
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA;
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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Characterization of Inkjet-Printed Digital Microfluidics Devices. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093064. [PMID: 33924812 PMCID: PMC8125221 DOI: 10.3390/s21093064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Digital microfluidics (DMF) devices enable precise manipulation of small liquid volumes in point-of-care testing. A printed circuit board (PCB) substrate is commonly utilized to build DMF devices. However, inkjet printing can be used to fabricate DMF circuits, providing a less expensive alternative to PCB-based DMF designs while enabling more rapid design iteration cycles. We demonstrate the cleanroom-free fabrication process of a low-cost inkjet-printed DMF circuit. We compare Kapton and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as dielectric coatings by measuring the minimal droplet actuation voltage for a range of actuation frequencies. A minimum actuation voltage of 5.6 V was required for droplet movement with the PMMA layer thickness of 0.2 μm and a hydrophobic layer of 0.17 μm. Significant issues with PMMA dielectric breakdown were observed at actuation voltages above 10 V. In comparison, devices that utilized Kapton were found to be more robust, even at an actuation voltage up to 100 V.
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Feng H, Yi Z, Yang R, Qin X, Shen S, Zeng W, Shui L, Zhou G, Zhang C. Designing Splicing Digital Microfluidics Chips Based on Polytetrafluoroethylene Membrane. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121067. [PMID: 33266119 PMCID: PMC7760364 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a laboratory-on-a-chip application tool, digital microfluidics (DMF) technology is widely used in DNA-based applications, clinical diagnosis, chemical synthesis, and other fields. Additional components (such as heaters, centrifuges, mixers, etc.) are required in practical applications on DMF devices. In this paper, a DMF chip interconnection method based on electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) was proposed. An open modified slippery liquid-infused porous surface (SLIPS) membrane was used as the dielectric-hydrophobic layer material, which consisted of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane and silicone oil. Indium tin oxide (ITO) glass was used to manufacture the DMF chip. In order to test the relationship between the splicing gap and droplet moving, the effect of the different electrodes on/off time on the minimum driving voltage when the droplet crossed a splicing gap was investigated. Then, the effects of splicing gaps of different widths, splicing heights, and electrode misalignments were investigated, respectively. The experimental results showed that a driving voltage of 119 V was required for a droplet to cross a splicing gap width of 300 μm when the droplet volume was 10 μL and the electrode on/off time was 600 ms. At the same time, the droplet could climb a height difference of 150 μm with 145 V, and 141 V was required when the electrode misalignment was 1000 μm. Finally, the minimum voltage was not obviously changed, when the same volume droplet with different aqueous solutions crossed the splicing gap, and the droplet could cross different chip types. These splicing solutions show high potential for simultaneous detection of multiple components in human body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang Feng
- College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; (H.F.); (W.Z.); (L.S.); (C.Z.)
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.Y.); (X.Q.); (S.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Zichuan Yi
- College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; (H.F.); (W.Z.); (L.S.); (C.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0760-8831-4612
| | - Ruizhi Yang
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.Y.); (X.Q.); (S.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Xiaofeng Qin
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.Y.); (X.Q.); (S.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Shitao Shen
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.Y.); (X.Q.); (S.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Wenjun Zeng
- College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; (H.F.); (W.Z.); (L.S.); (C.Z.)
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.Y.); (X.Q.); (S.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Lingling Shui
- College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; (H.F.); (W.Z.); (L.S.); (C.Z.)
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.Y.); (X.Q.); (S.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guofu Zhou
- South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (R.Y.); (X.Q.); (S.S.); (G.Z.)
| | - Chongfu Zhang
- College of Electron and Information, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China; (H.F.); (W.Z.); (L.S.); (C.Z.)
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Ramirez-Murillo CJ, de Los Santos-Ramirez JM, Perez-Gonzalez VH. Toward low-voltage dielectrophoresis-based microfluidic systems: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:565-587. [PMID: 33166414 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dielectrophoretically driven microfluidic devices have demonstrated great applicability in biomedical engineering, diagnostic medicine, and biological research. One of the potential fields of application for this technology is in point-of-care (POC) devices, ideally allowing for portable, fully integrated, easy to use, low-cost diagnostic platforms. Two main approaches exist to induce dielectrophoresis (DEP) on suspended particles, that is, electrode-based DEP and insulator-based DEP, each featuring different advantages and disadvantages. However, a shared concern lies in the input voltage used to generate the electric field necessary for DEP to take place. Therefore, input voltage can determine portability of a microfluidic device. This review outlines the recent advances in reducing stimulation voltage requirements in DEP-driven microfluidics.
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Joshi K, Javani A, Park J, Velasco V, Xu B, Razorenova O, Esfandyarpour R. A Machine Learning-Assisted Nanoparticle-Printed Biochip for Real-Time Single Cancer Cell Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000160. [PMID: 33025770 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cancers are a complex conglomerate of heterogeneous cell populations with varying genotypes and phenotypes. The intercellular heterogeneity within the same tumor and intratumor heterogeneity within various tumors are the leading causes of resistance to cancer therapies and varied outcomes in different patients. Therefore, performing single-cell analysis is essential to identify and classify cancer cell types and study cellular heterogeneity. Here, the development of a machine learning-assisted nanoparticle-printed biochip for single-cell analysis is reported. The biochip is integrated by combining powerful machine learning techniques with easily accessible inkjet printing and microfluidics technology. The biochip is easily prototype-able, miniaturized, and cost-effective, potentially capable of differentiating a variety of cell types in a label-free manner. n-feature classifiers are established and their performance metrics are evaluated. The biochip's utility to discriminate noncancerous cells from cancerous cells at the single-cell level is demonstrated. The biochip's utility in classifying cancer sub-type cells is also demonstrated. It is envisioned that such a chip has potential applications in single-cell studies, tumor heterogeneity studies, and perhaps in point-of-care cancer diagnostics-especially in developing countries where the cost, limited infrastructures, and limited access to medical technologies are of the utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Joshi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Alireza Javani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Joshua Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Vanessa Velasco
- Biochemistry Department, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Binzhi Xu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Olga Razorenova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Rahim Esfandyarpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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