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Li X, Li Y, Wei H, Wang C, Liu B. A Review of Wearable Optical Fiber Sensors for Rehabilitation Monitoring. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3602. [PMID: 38894393 PMCID: PMC11175184 DOI: 10.3390/s24113602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
As the global aging population increases, the demand for rehabilitation of elderly hand conditions has attracted increased attention in the field of wearable sensors. Owing to their distinctive anti-electromagnetic interference properties, high sensitivity, and excellent biocompatibility, optical fiber sensors exhibit substantial potential for applications in monitoring finger movements, physiological parameters, and tactile responses during rehabilitation. This review provides a brief introduction to the principles and technologies of various fiber sensors, including the Fiber Bragg Grating sensor, self-luminescent stretchable optical fiber sensor, and optic fiber Fabry-Perot sensor. In addition, specific applications are discussed within the rehabilitation field. Furthermore, challenges inherent to current optical fiber sensing technology, such as enhancing the sensitivity and flexibility of the sensors, reducing their cost, and refining system integration, are also addressed. Due to technological developments and greater efforts by researchers, it is likely that wearable optical fiber sensors will become commercially available and extensively utilized for rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmeng Li
- Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Manufacturing Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (Y.L.); (H.W.); (C.W.); (B.L.)
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Zhang X, Wang C, Zheng T, Wu H, Wu Q, Wang Y. Wearable Optical Fiber Sensors in Medical Monitoring Applications: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6671. [PMID: 37571457 PMCID: PMC10422468 DOI: 10.3390/s23156671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Wearable optical fiber sensors have great potential for development in medical monitoring. With the increasing demand for compactness, comfort, accuracy, and other features in new medical monitoring devices, the development of wearable optical fiber sensors is increasingly meeting these requirements. This paper reviews the latest evolution of wearable optical fiber sensors in the medical field. Three types of wearable optical fiber sensors are analyzed: wearable optical fiber sensors based on Fiber Bragg grating, wearable optical fiber sensors based on light intensity changes, and wearable optical fiber sensors based on Fabry-Perot interferometry. The innovation of wearable optical fiber sensors in respiration and joint monitoring is introduced in detail, and the main principles of three kinds of wearable optical fiber sensors are summarized. In addition, we discuss their advantages, limitations, directions to improve accuracy and the challenges they face. We also look forward to future development prospects, such as the combination of wireless networks which will change how medical services are provided. Wearable optical fiber sensors offer a viable technology for prospective continuous medical surveillance and will change future medical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Zhang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Laser Spectroscopy Technology and Application, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (X.Z.); (C.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Laser Spectroscopy Technology and Application, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (X.Z.); (C.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Tong Zheng
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Haibin Wu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Laser Spectroscopy Technology and Application, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (X.Z.); (C.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Qing Wu
- Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Laser Spectroscopy Technology and Application, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China; (X.Z.); (C.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Yunzheng Wang
- Center for Optics Research and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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Tindale LC, Chiu D, Minielly N, Hrincu V, Talhouk A, Illes J. Wearable Biosensors in the Workplace: Perceptions and Perspectives. Front Digit Health 2022; 4:800367. [PMID: 35860688 PMCID: PMC9289157 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2022.800367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectivesWearable body and brain sensors are permeating the consumer market and are increasingly being considered for workplace applications with the goal of promoting safety, productivity, health, and wellness. However, the monitoring of physiologic signals in real-time prompts concerns about benefit and risk, ownership of such digital data, data transfer privacy, and the discovery and disclosure of signals of possible health significance. Here we explore the perceptions and perspectives of employers and employees about key ethical considerations regarding the potential use of sensors in the workplace.MethodsWe distributed a survey developed and refined based on key research questions and past literature to a wide range and size of industries in British Columbia, Canada. Both employers (potential Implementers) and employees (potential Users) were invited to participate.ResultsWe received 344 survey responses. Most responses were from construction, healthcare, education, government, and utilities sectors. Across genders, industries, and workplace sizes, we found a convergence of opinions on perceived benefit and concern between potential Implementers and potential Users regarding the motivation to use biosensors in the workplace. Potential Implementers and Users also agreed on issues pertaining to safety, privacy, disclosure of findings of possible medical significance, risks, data ownership, data sharing, and transfer of data between workplaces. The greatest variability between potential Users and Implementers pertained to data ownership.ConclusionStrong agreement in the perception of biosensor use in the workplace between potential Implementers and Users reflects shared interest, motivation, and responsibility for their use. The use of sensors is rapidly increasing, and transparency about key use factors–both practical and ethical–is essential to maintain the current and desirable level of solidarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C. Tindale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Derek Chiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Program (OVCARE), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicole Minielly
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Viorica Hrincu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aline Talhouk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia's Gynecological Cancer Research Program (OVCARE), BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Aline Talhouk
| | - Judy Illes
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Lin Q, Yao K, Zhao N, Jiao Y, Wang Z, Tian B, Zhao L, Peng G, Jiang Z. Finger Bending Sensing Based on Series-Connected Fiber Bragg Gratings. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103472. [PMID: 35629500 PMCID: PMC9145747 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Smart wearable devices are occupying an increasingly important position in scientific research and people's life fields. As an indispensable component of smart wearable devices, sensors play a crucial role in their sensing and feedback capabilities. In this paper, we investigate the bending gesture sensing for the most dexterous part of human anatomy, the finger. Based on series-connected fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), recognition of finger bending posture is achieved by MATLAB modeling and the cubic spline interpolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijing Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of High-End Manufacturing Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (B.T.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Xiamen Institute of Technology, Xiamen 361021, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Systems and Intelligent Sensing, Chongqing Academician Workstation, Chongqing 2011 Collaborative Innovation Center of Micro/Nano Sensing and Intelligent Ecological Internet of Things, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Kun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (B.T.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Na Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (B.T.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Yunjing Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (B.T.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zelin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (B.T.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Bian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (B.T.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (B.T.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
| | - Gangding Peng
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia;
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (N.Z.); (Y.J.); (Z.W.); (B.T.); (L.Z.); (Z.J.)
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Early Notice Pointer, an IoT-like Platform for Point-of-Care Feet and Body Balance Screening. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050682. [PMID: 35630149 PMCID: PMC9144081 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Improper foot biomechanics associated with uneven bodyweight distribution contribute to impaired balance and fall risks. There is a need to complete the panel of commercially available devices for the self-measurement of BMI, fat, muscle, bone, weight, and hydration with one that measures weight-shifting at home as a pre-specialist assessment system. This paper reports the development of the Early Notice Pointer (ENP), a user-friendly screening device based on weighing scale technology. The ENP is designed to be used at home to provide a graphic indication and customised and evidence-based foot and posture triage. The device electronically detects and maps the bodyweight and distinct load distributions on the main areas of the feet: forefoot and rearfoot. The developed platform also presents features that assess the user's balance, and the results are displayed as a simple numerical report and map. The technology supports data display on mobile phones and accommodates multiple measurements for monitoring. Therefore, the evaluation could be done at non-specialist and professional levels. The system has been tested to validate its accuracy, precision, and consistency. A parallel study to describe the frequency of arch types and metatarsal pressure in young adults (1034 healthy subjects) was conducted to explain the importance of self-monitoring at home for better prevention of foot arch- and posture-related conditions. The results showed the potential of the newly created platform as a screening device ready to be wirelessly connected with mobile phones and the internet for remote and personalised identification and monitoring of foot- and body balance-related conditions. The real-time interpretation of the reported physiological parameters opens new avenues toward IoT-like on-body monitoring of human physiological signals through easy-to-use devices on flexible substrates for specific versatility.
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Hodges PW, van den Hoorn W. A vision for the future of wearable sensors in spine care and its challenges: narrative review. JOURNAL OF SPINE SURGERY (HONG KONG) 2022; 8:103-116. [PMID: 35441093 PMCID: PMC8990399 DOI: 10.21037/jss-21-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed to: (I) provide a brief overview of some topical areas of current literature regarding applications of wearable sensors in the management of low back pain (LBP); (II) present a vision for a future comprehensive system that integrates wearable sensors to measure multiple parameters in the real world that contributes data to guide treatment selection (aided by artificial intelligence), uses wearables to aid treatment support, adherence and outcome monitoring, and interrogates the response of the individual patient to the prescribed treatment to guide future decision support for other individuals who present with LBP; and (III) consider the challenges that will need to be overcome to make such a system a reality. BACKGROUND Advances in wearable sensor technologies are opening new opportunities for the assessment and management of spinal conditions. Although evidence of improvements in outcomes for individuals with LBP from the use of sensors is limited, there is enormous future potential. METHODS Narrative review and literature synthesis. CONCLUSIONS Substantial research is underway by groups internationally to develop and test elements of this system, to design innovative new sensors that enable recording of new data in new ways, and to fuse data from multiple sources to provide rich information about an individual's experience of LBP. Together this system, incorporating data from wearable sensors has potential to personalise care in ways that were hitherto thought impossible. The potential is high but will require concerted effort to develop and ultimately will need to be feasible and more effective than existing management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Hodges
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wolbert van den Hoorn
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Lo Presti D, Zaltieri M, Bravi M, Morrone M, Caponero MA, Schena E, Sterzi S, Massaroni C. A Wearable System Composed of FBG-Based Soft Sensors for Trunk Compensatory Movements Detection in Post-Stroke Hemiplegic Patients. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041386. [PMID: 35214287 PMCID: PMC8963020 DOI: 10.3390/s22041386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a novel wearable system for the identification of compensatory trunk movements (CTMs) in post-stroke hemiplegic patients is presented. The device is composed of seven soft sensing elements (SSEs) based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) technology. Each SSE consists of a single FBG encapsulated into a flexible matrix to enhance the sensor’s robustness and improve its compliance with the human body. The FBG’s small size, light weight, multiplexing capability, and biocompatibility make the proposed wearable system suitable for multi-point measurements without any movement restriction. Firstly, its manufacturing process is presented, together with the SSEs’ mechanical characterization to strain. Results of the metrological characterization showed a linear response of each SSE in the operating range. Then, the feasibility assessment of the proposed system is described. In particular, the device’s capability of detecting CTMs was assessed on 10 healthy volunteers and eight hemiplegic patients while performing three tasks which are representative of typical everyday life actions. The wearable system showed good potential in detecting CTMs. This promising result may foster the use of the proposed device on post-stroke patients, aiming at assessing the proper course of the rehabilitation process both in clinical and domestic settings. Moreover, its use may aid in defining tailored strategies to improve post-stoke patients’ motor recovery and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lo Presti
- Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy; (D.L.P.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Martina Zaltieri
- Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy; (D.L.P.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Marco Bravi
- Unit of Physical Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rehabilitation of Policlinico Universitario, 00128 Roma, Italy; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Michelangelo Morrone
- Unit of Physical Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rehabilitation of Policlinico Universitario, 00128 Roma, Italy; (M.B.); (M.M.)
| | | | - Emiliano Schena
- Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy; (D.L.P.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.M.)
| | - Silvia Sterzi
- Unit of Physical Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rehabilitation of Policlinico Universitario, 00128 Roma, Italy; (M.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlo Massaroni
- Research Unit of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Center for Integrated Research, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Roma, Italy; (D.L.P.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.M.)
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Upadhyaya AM, Hasan MK, Abdel-Khalek S, Hassan R, Srivastava MC, Sharan P, Islam S, Saad AME, Vo N. A Comprehensive Review on the Optical Micro-Electromechanical Sensors for the Biomedical Application. Front Public Health 2021; 9:759032. [PMID: 34926383 PMCID: PMC8674308 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.759032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presented an overview of current developments in optical micro-electromechanical systems in biomedical applications. Optical micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) is a particular class of MEMS technology. It combines micro-optics, mechanical elements, and electronics, called the micro-opto electromechanical system (MOEMS). Optical MEMS comprises sensing and influencing optical signals on micron-level by incorporating mechanical, electrical, and optical systems. Optical MEMS devices are widely used in inertial navigation, accelerometers, gyroscope application, and many industrial and biomedical applications. Due to its miniaturised size, insensitivity to electromagnetic interference, affordability, and lightweight characteristic, it can be easily integrated into the human body with a suitable design. This study presented a comprehensive review of 140 research articles published on photonic MEMS in biomedical applications that used the qualitative method to find the recent advancement, challenges, and issues. The paper also identified the critical success factors applied to design the optimum photonic MEMS devices in biomedical applications. With the systematic literature review approach, the results showed that the key design factors could significantly impact design, application, and future scope of work. The literature of this paper suggested that due to the flexibility, accuracy, design factors efficiency of the Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, the demand has been increasing for various photonic devices. Except for FBG sensing devices, other sensing systems such as optical ring resonator, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), and photonic crystals are used, which still show experimental stages in the application of biosensing. Due to the requirement of sophisticated fabrication facilities and integrated systems, it is a tough choice to consider the other photonic system. Miniaturisation of complete FBG device for biomedical applications is the future scope of work. Even though there is a lot of experimental work considered with an FBG sensing system, commercialisation of the final FBG device for a specific application has not been seen noticeable progress in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup M. Upadhyaya
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology (ASET), Amity University, Noida, Lucknow, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohammad Kamrul Hasan
- Network and Communication Technology Lab, Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | - S. Abdel-Khalek
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rosilah Hassan
- Network and Communication Technology Lab, Center for Cyber Security, Faculty of Information Science and Technology, The National University of Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Maneesh C. Srivastava
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amity School of Engineering and Technology (ASET), Amity University, Noida, Lucknow, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Preeta Sharan
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The Oxford College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Shayla Islam
- Institute of Computer Science and Digital Innovation, University College Sedaya International (UCSI) University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Asma Mohammed Elbashir Saad
- Department of Physics College of Science and Humanities in AL-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AL-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nguyen Vo
- Department of Information Technology, Victorian Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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