1
|
Shang A, Shao S, Zhao L, Liu B. Far-Red Fluorescent Proteins: Tools for Advancing In Vivo Imaging. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:359. [PMID: 39194588 DOI: 10.3390/bios14080359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Far-red fluorescent proteins (FPs) have emerged as indispensable tools in in vivo imaging, playing a pivotal role in elucidating fundamental mechanisms and addressing application issues in biotechnology and biomedical fields. Their ability for deep penetration, coupled with reduced light scattering and absorption, robust resistance to autofluorescence, and diminished phototoxicity, has positioned far-red biosensors at the forefront of non-invasive visualization techniques for observing intracellular activities and intercellular behaviors. In this review, far-red FPs and their applications in living systems are mainly discussed. Firstly, various far-red FPs, characterized by emission peaks spanning from 600 nm to 650 nm, are introduced. This is followed by a detailed presentation of the fundamental principles enabling far-red biosensors to detect biomolecules and environmental changes. Furthermore, the review accentuates the superiority of far-red FPs in multi-color imaging. In addition, significant emphasis is placed on the value of far-red FPs in improving imaging resolution, highlighting their great contribution to the advancement of in vivo imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angyang Shang
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Luming Zhao
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang 110042, China
- Liaoning Key Lab of Integrated Circuit and Biomedical Electronic System, Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mukherjee S, Douglas N, Jimenez R. Influence of Fluorescence Lifetime Selections and Conformational Flexibility on Brightness of FusionRed Variants. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1644-1651. [PMID: 38315162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent proteins (FPs) for bioimaging are typically developed by screening mutant libraries for clones with improved photophysical properties. This approach has resulted in FPs with high brightness, but the mechanistic origins of the improvements are often unclear. We focused on improving the molecular brightness in the FusionRed family of FPs with fluorescence lifetime selections on targeted libraries, with the aim of reducing nonradiative decay rates. Our new variants show fluorescence quantum yields of up to 75% and lifetimes >3.5 ns. We present a comprehensive analysis of these new FPs, including trends in spectral shifts, photophysical data, photostability, and cellular brightness resulting from codon optimization. We also performed all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the impact of side chain mutations. The trajectories reveal that individual mutations reduce the flexibility of the chromophore and side chains, leading to an overall reduction in nonradiative rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Mukherjee
- JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Nancy Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ralph Jimenez
- JILA, University of Colorado, Boulder, and National Institute of Standards and Technology, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, 215 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghosh S, Dahiya M, Kumar A, Bheri M, Pandey GK. Calcium imaging: a technique to monitor calcium dynamics in biological systems. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:1777-1811. [PMID: 38222278 PMCID: PMC10784449 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Calcium ion (Ca2+) is a multifaceted signaling molecule that acts as an important second messenger. During the course of evolution, plants and animals have developed Ca2+ signaling in order to respond against diverse stimuli, to regulate a large number of physiological and developmental pathways. Our understanding of Ca2+ signaling and its components in physiological phenomena ranging from lower to higher organisms, and from single cell to multiple tissues has grown exponentially. The generation of Ca2+ transients or signatures for various stress factor is a well-known mechanism adopted in plant and animal systems. However, the decoding of such remarkable signatures is an uphill task and is always an interesting goal for the scientific community. In the past few decades, studies on the concentration and dynamics of intracellular Ca2+ are significantly increasing and have become a trend in modern biology. The advancement in approaches from Ca2+ binding dyes to in vivo Ca2+ imaging through the use of Ca2+ biosensors to achieve spatio-temporal resolution in micro and milliseconds range, provide us phenomenal opportunities to study live cell Ca2+ imaging or dynamics. Here, we describe the usage, improvement and advancement of Ca2+ based dyes, genetically encoded probes and sensors to achieve extraordinary Ca2+ imaging in plants and animals. Graphical abstract
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soma Ghosh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Monika Dahiya
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Girdhar K. Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021 India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim S, Moon S, Rho S, Yoon S. Measurements of acoustic radiation force of ultrahigh frequency ultrasonic transducers using model-based approach. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2021; 118:184102. [PMID: 33981116 PMCID: PMC8096457 DOI: 10.1063/5.0044512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Even though ultrahigh frequency ultrasonic transducers over 60 MHz have been used for single-cell-level manipulation such as intracellular delivery, acoustic tweezers, and stimulation to investigate cell phenotype and cell mechanics, no techniques have been available to measure the actual acoustic radiation force (ARF) applied to target cells. Therefore, we have developed an approach to measure the ARF of ultrahigh frequency ultrasonic transducers using a theoretical model of the dynamics of a solid sphere in a gelatin phantom. To estimate ARF at the focus of a 130 MHz transducer, we matched measured maximum displacements of a solid sphere with theoretical calculations. We selected appropriate ranges of input voltages and pulse durations for single-cell applications, and the estimated ARF was in the range of tens of μN. To gauge the influence of pulse duration, an impulse of different pulse durations was estimated. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer live cell imaging was demonstrated to visualize calcium transport between cells after a target single cell was stimulated by the developed ultrasonic transducer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sangpil Yoon
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: . Tel.: +1-514-631‐6510
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang YM, Seki E. Global Spread of a Local Fire: Transmission of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress via Connexin 43. Cell Metab 2021; 33:229-230. [PMID: 33535096 PMCID: PMC8407036 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is essential in the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatosteatosis. In the latest issue of Cell Metabolism, Tirosh et al. (2020) demonstrate that intracellular ER stress can be transmitted to neighboring hepatocytes via connexin 43, thus propagating ER stress and promoting hepatosteatosis and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Mee Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| |
Collapse
|