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Milone D, Longo F, Merlino G, De Marchis C, Risitano G, D’Agati L. MocapMe: DeepLabCut-Enhanced Neural Network for Enhanced Markerless Stability in Sit-to-Stand Motion Capture. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3022. [PMID: 38793876 PMCID: PMC11125421 DOI: 10.3390/s24103022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the efficacy of an optimized DeepLabCut (DLC) model in motion capture, with a particular focus on the sit-to-stand (STS) movement, which is crucial for assessing the functional capacity in elderly and postoperative patients. This research uniquely compared the performance of this optimized DLC model, which was trained using 'filtered' estimates from the widely used OpenPose (OP) model, thereby emphasizing computational effectiveness, motion-tracking precision, and enhanced stability in data capture. Utilizing a combination of smartphone-captured videos and specifically curated datasets, our methodological approach included data preparation, keypoint annotation, and extensive model training, with an emphasis on the flow of the optimized model. The findings demonstrate the superiority of the optimized DLC model in various aspects. It exhibited not only higher computational efficiency, with reduced processing times, but also greater precision and consistency in motion tracking thanks to the stability brought about by the meticulous selection of the OP data. This precision is vital for developing accurate biomechanical models for clinical interventions. Moreover, this study revealed that the optimized DLC maintained higher average confidence levels across datasets, indicating more reliable and accurate detection capabilities compared with standalone OP. The clinical relevance of these findings is profound. The optimized DLC model's efficiency and enhanced point estimation stability make it an invaluable tool in rehabilitation monitoring and patient assessments, potentially streamlining clinical workflows. This study suggests future research directions, including integrating the optimized DLC model with virtual reality environments for enhanced patient engagement and leveraging its improved data quality for predictive analytics in healthcare. Overall, the optimized DLC model emerged as a transformative tool for biomechanical analysis and physical rehabilitation, promising to enhance the quality of patient care and healthcare delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Milone
- Department of Engineering (DI), University of Messina, Contrada di Dio, 98166 Messina, Italy; (F.L.); (G.M.); (C.D.M.); (G.R.); (L.D.)
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Lee AW, Lee MS, Yeh DP, Yeh HJJ. Sensor-Integrated Chairs for Lower Body Strength and Endurance Assessment. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:788. [PMID: 38339505 PMCID: PMC10857034 DOI: 10.3390/s24030788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
This paper describes an automated method and device to conduct the Chair Stand Tests of the Fullerton Functional Test Battery. The Fullerton Functional Test is a suite of physical tests designed to assess the physical fitness of older adults. The Chair Stand Tests, which include the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5xSST) and the 30 Second Sit-to-Stand Test (30CST), are the standard for measuring lower-body strength in older adults. However, these tests are performed manually, which can be labor-intensive and prone to error. We developed a sensor-integrated chair that automatically captures the dynamic weight and distribution on the chair. The collected time series weight-sensor data is automatically uploaded for immediate determination of the sit-to-stand timing and counts, as well as providing a record for future comparison of lower-body strength progression. The automatic test administration can provide significant labor savings for medical personnel and deliver much more accurate data. Data from 10 patients showed good agreement between the manually collected and sensor-collected 30CST data (M = 0.5, SD = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.13). Additional data processing will be able to yield measurements of fatigue and balance and evaluate the mechanisms of failed standing attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melissa S. Lee
- Walnut Valley Research Institute, Walnut, CA 91789, USA; (M.S.L.)
| | - Daniel P. Yeh
- Walnut Valley Research Institute, Walnut, CA 91789, USA; (M.S.L.)
| | - Hsi-Jen J. Yeh
- Department of Engineering and Computer Science, Azusa Pacific University, Azusa, CA 91702, USA
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Moral C, Pérez-Rodríguez R, Villalba-Mora E, Barrio-Cortes J, Ferre X, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Integrated health system to assess and manage frailty in community dwelling: Co-design and usability evaluation. Digit Health 2023; 9:20552076231181229. [PMID: 37361432 PMCID: PMC10286180 DOI: 10.1177/20552076231181229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to co-create and evaluate an integrated system to follow-up frailty in a community dwelling environment and provide a multi-modal tailored intervention. Frailty and dependency among the older population are a major challenge to the sustainability of healthcare systems. Special attention must be paid to the needs and particularities of frail older persons as a vulnerable group. Methods To ensure the solution fits all the stakeholders' needs, we performed several participatory design activities with them, such as pluralistic usability walkthroughs, design workshops, usability tests and a pre-pilot. The participants in the activities were older people; their informal carers; and specialized and community care professionals. In total, 48 stakeholders participated. Results We created and evaluated an integrated system consisting of four mobile applications and a cloud server, which has been evaluated through a 6-months clinical trial, where secondary endpoints were both usability and user experience evaluation. In total, 10 older adults and 12 healthcare professionals participated in the intervention group using the technological system. Both patients and professionals have positively evaluated their applications. Conclusion Both older adults and healthcare professionals have considered the resulted system easy to use and learn, consistent and secure. In general terms, they also would like to keep using it in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Moral
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Pérez-Rodríguez
- Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones y Sistemas Telemáticos y Computación, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Villalba-Mora
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Barrio-Cortes
- Foundation for Biosanitary Research and Innovation in Primary Care (FIIBAP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Ferre
- Centre for Biomedical Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Geriatrics Service, Getafe University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBER-FES), Madrid, Spain
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Quantification of the Link between Timed Up-and-Go Test Subtasks and Contractile Muscle Properties. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21196539. [PMID: 34640875 PMCID: PMC8512551 DOI: 10.3390/s21196539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Frailty and falls are a major public health problem in older adults. Muscle weakness of the lower and upper extremities are risk factors for any, as well as recurrent falls including injuries and fractures. While the Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test is often used to identify frail members and fallers, tensiomyography (TMG) can be used as a non-invasive tool to assess the function of skeletal muscles. In a clinical study, we evaluated the correlation between the TMG parameters of the skeletal muscle contraction of 23 elderly participants (22 f, age 86.74 ± 7.88) and distance-based TUG test subtask times. TUG tests were recorded with an ultrasonic-based device. The sit-up and walking phases were significantly correlated to the contraction and delay time of the muscle vastus medialis (ρ = 0.55-0.80, p < 0.01). In addition, the delay time of the muscles vastus medialis (ρ = 0.45, p = 0.03) and gastrocnemius medialis (ρ = -0.44, p = 0.04) correlated to the sit-down phase. The maximal radial displacements of the biceps femoris showed significant correlations with the walk-forward times (ρ = -0.47, p = 0.021) and back (ρ = -0.43, p = 0.04). The association of TUG subtasks to muscle contractile parameters, therefore, could be utilized as a measure to improve the monitoring of elderly people's physical ability in general and during rehabilitation after a fall in particular. TUG test subtask measurements may be used as a proxy to monitor muscle properties in rehabilitation after long hospital stays and injuries or for fall prevention.
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Pérez-Rodríguez R, Villalba-Mora E, Valdés-Aragonés M, Ferre X, Moral C, Mas-Romero M, Abizanda-Soler P, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Usability, User Experience, and Acceptance Evaluation of CAPACITY: A Technological Ecosystem for Remote Follow-Up of Frailty. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:6458. [PMID: 34640777 PMCID: PMC8512153 DOI: 10.3390/s21196458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Frailty predisposes older persons to adverse events, and information and communication technologies can play a crucial role to prevent them. CAPACITY provides a means to remotely monitor variables with high predictive power for adverse events, enabling preventative personalized early interventions. This study aims at evaluating the usability, user experience, and acceptance of a novel mobile system to prevent disability. Usability was assessed using the system usability scale (SUS); user experience using the user experience questionnaire (UEQ); and acceptance with the technology acceptance model (TAM) and a customized quantitative questionnaire. Data were collected at baseline (recruitment), and after three and six months of use. Forty-six participants used CAPACITY for six months; nine dropped out, leaving a final sample of 37 subjects. SUS reached a maximum averaged value of 83.68 after six months of use; no statistically significant values have been found to demonstrate that usability improves with use, probably because of a ceiling effect. UEQ, obtained averages scores higher or very close to 2 in all categories. TAM reached a maximum of 51.54 points, showing an improvement trend. Results indicate the success of the participatory methodology, and support user centered design as a key methodology to design technologies for frail older persons. Involving potential end users and giving them voice during the design stage maximizes usability and acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pérez-Rodríguez
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Getafe University Hospital, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-M.); (M.V.-A.); (X.F.); (C.M.); (L.R.-M.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Elena Villalba-Mora
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-M.); (M.V.-A.); (X.F.); (C.M.); (L.R.-M.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Myriam Valdés-Aragonés
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-M.); (M.V.-A.); (X.F.); (C.M.); (L.R.-M.)
- Geriatrics Service, Getafe University Hospital, 28095 Getafe, Spain
| | - Xavier Ferre
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-M.); (M.V.-A.); (X.F.); (C.M.); (L.R.-M.)
| | - Cristian Moral
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-M.); (M.V.-A.); (X.F.); (C.M.); (L.R.-M.)
| | - Marta Mas-Romero
- Geriatrics Service, Albacete University Hospital, 02006 Albacete, Spain;
| | - Pedro Abizanda-Soler
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Geriatrics Service, Albacete University Hospital, 02006 Albacete, Spain;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.V.-M.); (M.V.-A.); (X.F.); (C.M.); (L.R.-M.)
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Geriatrics Service, Getafe University Hospital, 28095 Getafe, Spain
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Cobo A, Villalba-Mora E, Pérez-Rodríguez R, Ferre X, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Unobtrusive Sensors for the Assessment of Older Adult's Frailty: A Scoping Review. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21092983. [PMID: 33922852 PMCID: PMC8123069 DOI: 10.3390/s21092983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquity (devices becoming part of the context) and transparency (devices not interfering with daily activities) are very significant in healthcare monitoring applications for elders. The present study undertakes a scoping review to map the literature on sensor-based unobtrusive monitoring of older adults’ frailty. We aim to determine what types of devices comply with unobtrusiveness requirements, which frailty markers have been unobtrusively assessed, which unsupervised devices have been tested, the relationships between sensor outcomes and frailty markers, and which devices can assess multiple markers. SCOPUS, PUBMED, and Web of Science were used to identify papers published 2010–2020. We selected 67 documents involving non-hospitalized older adults (65+ y.o.) and assessing frailty level or some specific frailty-marker with some sensor. Among the nine types of body worn sensors, only inertial measurement units (IMUs) on the waist and wrist-worn sensors comply with ubiquity. The former can transparently assess all variables but weight loss. Wrist-worn devices have not been tested in unsupervised conditions. Unsupervised presence detectors can predict frailty, slowness, performance, and physical activity. Waist IMUs and presence detectors are the most promising candidates for unobtrusive and unsupervised monitoring of frailty. Further research is necessary to give specific predictions of frailty level with unsupervised waist IMUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cobo
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (E.V.-M.); Tel.: +34-910-679-275 (E.V.-M.)
| | - Elena Villalba-Mora
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (E.V.-M.); Tel.: +34-910-679-275 (E.V.-M.)
| | - Rodrigo Pérez-Rodríguez
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Hospital de Getafe, Getafe, 28905 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Xavier Ferre
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital de Getafe, Getafe, 28095 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBER-FES), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Domínguez-Muñoz FJ, Carlos-Vivas J, Villafaina S, García-Gordillo MA, Hernández-Mocholi MÁ, Collado-Mateo D, Gusi N, Adsuar JC. Association between 30-s Chair Stand-Up Test and Anthropometric Values, Vibration Perception Threshold, FHSQ, and 15-D in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030246. [PMID: 33809864 PMCID: PMC8004132 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic global disease with a series of complications that lead to problems in the somatosensory system, the cardiovascular system, health-related quality of life, foot health, and even balance. These balance problems arise from deficits in lower limb strength, among other causes. The 30-s chair stand-up test is a test that evaluates leg strength and is an easy, quick, inexpensive, and predictive test of different parameters. How this test relates to health-related quality of life, vibration sensitivity threshold, and foot health has not been studied. This study tests the degree of the relationships of the 30-s chair stand-up test with the 15-dimensional (15-D) questionnaire, Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ), vibration sensitivity threshold, and body composition questionnaires. Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, worldwide disease affecting more than 400 million people. This pathology involves several associated problems, such as diabetic neuropathy complications, obesity, and foot problems, both in terms of health and sensitivity. Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the relationships of the 30-s chair stand-up test with the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ), the vibration perception threshold (VPT), and the 15-dimensional (15-D) questionnaire in T2DM people. Methodology: Ninety participants with T2DM were assessed in terms of fat mass percentage, VPT, foot health, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and the 30-s chair stand-up test. Results: The 30-s chair stand-up test was found to exhibit a moderate relationship with “physical activity” (rho = 0.441; p ≤ 0.001) and “vigor” (rho = 0.443; p ≤ 0.001) from FHSQ. The 30-s chair stand-up test was also found to be weakly associated with foot pain (rho = 0.358; p = 0.001), 15-D total score (rho = 0.376; p ≤ 0.001), “sleeping” (rho = 0.371; p < 0.001), and “depression” (rho = 0.352; p = 0.001). Conclusions: The 30-s chair stand-up test is associated with “physical activity”, “vigor”, and “foot pain” from the FHSQ and the 15-D questionnaire total score and its dimensions “sleeping” and “depression” in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Therefore, following the results obtained, qualified clinicians can use the 30-s chair stand-up test as a good tool for monitoring and managing type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Domínguez-Muñoz
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (F.J.D.-M.); (S.V.); (M.Á.H.-M.); (N.G.)
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.-V.); (J.C.A.)
| | - Santos Villafaina
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (F.J.D.-M.); (S.V.); (M.Á.H.-M.); (N.G.)
| | - Miguel A. García-Gordillo
- Facultad de Administración y Negocios, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Sede Talca 3467987, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Miguel Ángel Hernández-Mocholi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (F.J.D.-M.); (S.V.); (M.Á.H.-M.); (N.G.)
| | - Daniel Collado-Mateo
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, 28943 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Narcis Gusi
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (F.J.D.-M.); (S.V.); (M.Á.H.-M.); (N.G.)
| | - José C. Adsuar
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (J.C.-V.); (J.C.A.)
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Formica D, Schena E. Smart Sensors for Healthcare and Medical Applications. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21020543. [PMID: 33466591 PMCID: PMC7828709 DOI: 10.3390/s21020543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This special issue on "Smart Sensors for Healthcare and Medical Applications" focuses on new sensing technologies, measurement techniques, and their applications in medicine and healthcare [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Formica
- Unit of Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human Technology Interaction (NeXT), Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Emiliano Schena
- Laboratory of Measurements and Biomedical Instrumentation, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy;
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