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Gril D, Donlagic D. A Microfluidic, Flow-Through, Liquid Reagent Fluorescence Sensor Applied to Oxygen Concentration Measurement. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4984. [PMID: 37430898 DOI: 10.3390/s23104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
A concept of a microfluidic fluorescent chemical sensing system is presented and demonstrated as a sensor for measurement of dissolved oxygen in water. The system utilizes on-line mixing of a fluorescent reagent with the analyzed sample, while it measures the fluorescence decay time of the mixture. The system is built entirely out of silica capillaries and optical fibers, and allows for very low consumption of the reagent (of the order of mL/month) and the analyzed sample (of the order of L/month). The proposed system can, thus, be applied to continuous on-line measurements, while utilizing a broad variety of different and proven fluorescent reagents or dyes. The proposed system allows for the use of relatively high-excitation light powers, as the flow-through concept of the system reduces the probability of the appearance of bleaching, heating, or other unwanted effects on the fluorescent dye/reagent caused significantly by the excitation light. The high amplitudes of fluorescent optical signals captured by an optical fiber allow for low-noise and high-bandwidth optical signal detection, and, consequently, the possibility for utilization of reagents with nanosecond fluorescent lifetimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Gril
- Laboratory for Electro Optics and Sensor Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroska Cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Denis Donlagic
- Laboratory for Electro Optics and Sensor Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroska Cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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2
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Wu Y, Sutton GD, Halamicek MDS, Xing X, Bao J, Teets TS. Cyclometalated iridium-coumarin ratiometric oxygen sensors: improved signal resolution and tunable dynamic ranges. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8804-8812. [PMID: 35975154 PMCID: PMC9350586 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02909j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we introduce a new series of ratiometric oxygen sensors based on phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium centers partnered with organic coumarin fluorophores. Three different cyclometalating ligands and two different pyridyl-containing coumarin types were used to prepare six target complexes with tunable excited-state energies. Three of the complexes display dual emission, with fluorescence arising from the coumarin ligand, and phosphorescence from either the cyclometalated iridium center or the coumarin. These dual-emitting complexes function as ratiometric oxygen sensors, with the phosphorescence quenched under O2 while fluorescence is unaffected. The use of blue-fluorescent coumarins results in good signal resolution between fluorescence and phosphorescence. Moreover, the sensitivity and dynamic range, measured with Stern-Volmer analysis, can be tuned two orders of magnitude by virtue of our ability to synthetically control the triplet excited-state ordering. The complex with cyclometalated iridium 3MLCT phosphorescence operates under hyperoxic conditions, whereas the two complexes with coumarin-centered phosphorescence are sensitive to very low levels of O2 and function as hypoxic sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Wu
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
| | - Gregory D Sutton
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
| | - Michael D S Halamicek
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
| | - Xinxin Xing
- University of Houston, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity (TcSUH) Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Jiming Bao
- University of Houston, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Texas Center for Superconductivity (TcSUH) Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Thomas S Teets
- University of Houston, Department of Chemistry 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112 Houston TX 77204-5003 USA
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Cui H, Wu S, Wang L, Sun X, Zhang H, Deng M, Tian Y. Magnetically Reusable and Well-dispersed Nanoparticles for Oxygen Detection in Water. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1621-1627. [PMID: 35596853 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to synthesize magnetically well-dispersed nanosensors for detecting dissolved oxygen (DO) in water, and explore their biological applications. Firstly, we synthesized two kinds of magnetic nanoparticle with average sizes of approximately 82 nm by one-step emulsion polymerization: polystyrene magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Os1-PS) and polymethylmethacrylate magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Os1-PMMA). Both types of nanoparticle present good dispersibility and fluorescence stability. The nanoparticles could be used as oxygen sensors that exhibited a high DO-sensitivity response in the range 0-39.30 mg/L, with a strong linear relationship. The nanoparticles have good magnetic properties, and so they could be recycled by magnet for further use. Recovered Fe3O4@Os1-PS still presented high stability after continued use in oxygen sensing for one month. Furthermore, Fe3O4@Os1-PS was employed for detecting the bacterial oxygen consumption of Escherichia coli (E-coli) to monitor the metabolism of bacteria. The results show that Fe3O4@Os1-PS provide high biocompatibility and non-toxicity. Polystyrene magnetic nanoparticles therefore present significant potential for application in biological oxygen sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Foshan Municipality Anti-counterfeiting Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiangzhong Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengyu Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yanqing Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Xu Y, Qi G, Yan L, Yue B, Yang Y, Hu D. Development of dissolved oxygen sensor based on time-domain lifetime measurement with a film fabricated by embedding PtOEP in a highly stable and hydrophobic fluorinated matrix. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200365. [PMID: 35587017 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A dissolved oxygen sensor was developed based on time-domain lifetime measurement with an oxygen sensing film. The oxygen sensing film was fabricated by embedding PtOEP in a highly stable and highly hydrophobic fluorinated matrix synthesized from methacrylate, fluorinated methacrylate, and 3-(tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl)propyl methacrylate via free radical polymerization. The fluorinated methacrylate provided the high stability and the 3-(tris(trimethylsilyloxy)silyl)propyl methacrylate provided the extra hydrophobicity. The PtOEP was excited using pulsed signals from a green-light LED and the fluorescence lifetime was evaluated by time-domain lifetime measurement. The dynamical quenching of fluorescence response by dissolved oxygen was calibrated using the Stern-Volmer plot with a high [[EQUATION]] ratio of 5.68 and a Stern-Volmer constant of 0.112 mg -1 dm 3 . It was demonstrated that the dissolved oxygen sensing film showed high stability under the varied excitation intensity and long-term stability in the accelerated aging experiment and the repeated freeze-thaw-cycling tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Xu
- Shanghai University, college of sciences, CHINA
| | - Guoping Qi
- Shanghai University, college of sciences, CHINA
| | - Liuming Yan
- Shanghai University, college of sciences, CHINA
| | - Baohua Yue
- Shanghai University, Department of chemistry, 99 Shangda Road, CHINA
| | - Yang Yang
- Nanjing Qiue Electronic Technology Co. Ltd., Zhongnan Zhigu Industrual Park, CHINA
| | - Desheng Hu
- Nanjing Qique Electronic Technology Co., Ltd, Zhongnan Zhigu Industrual Park, CHINA
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