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Dahal N, Peak C, Ehrett C, Osterberg J, Cao M, Divan R, Wang P. Microwave Flow Cytometric Detection and Differentiation of Escherichia coli. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2870. [PMID: 38732977 PMCID: PMC11086155 DOI: 10.3390/s24092870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Label-free measurement and analysis of single bacterial cells are essential for food safety monitoring and microbial disease diagnosis. We report a microwave flow cytometric sensor with a microstrip sensing device with reduced channel height for bacterial cell measurement. Escherichia coli B and Escherichia coli K-12 were measured with the sensor at frequencies between 500 MHz and 8 GHz. The results show microwave properties of E. coli cells are frequency-dependent. A LightGBM model was developed to classify cell types at a high accuracy of 0.96 at 1 GHz. Thus, the sensor provides a promising label-free method to rapidly detect and differentiate bacterial cells. Nevertheless, the method needs to be further developed by comprehensively measuring different types of cells and demonstrating accurate cell classification with improved machine-learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Dahal
- Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (N.D.); (J.O.)
| | - Caroline Peak
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Carl Ehrett
- Watt Family Innovation Center, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Jeffrey Osterberg
- Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (N.D.); (J.O.)
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Ralu Divan
- Argonne National Laboratory, Chicago, IL 60439, USA;
| | - Pingshan Wang
- Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (N.D.); (J.O.)
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2
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Zhang S, Han Z, Qi H, Liu S, Liu B, Sun C, Feng Z, Sun M, Duan X. Convolutional Neural Network-Driven Impedance Flow Cytometry for Accurate Bacterial Differentiation. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4419-4429. [PMID: 38448396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Impedance flow cytometry (IFC) has been demonstrated to be an efficient tool for label-free bacterial investigation to obtain the electrical properties in real time. However, the accurate differentiation of different species of bacteria by IFC technology remains a challenge owing to the insignificant differences in data. Here, we developed a convolutional neural networks (ConvNet) deep learning approach to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the IFC toward distinguishing various species of bacteria. First, more than 1 million sets of impedance data (comprising 42 characteristic features for each set) of various groups of bacteria were trained by the ConvNet model. To improve the efficiency for data analysis, the Spearman correlation coefficient and the mean decrease accuracy of the random forest algorithm were introduced to eliminate feature interaction and extract the opacity of impedance related to the bacterial wall and membrane structure as the predominant features in bacterial differentiation. Moreover, the 25 optimized features were selected with differentiation accuracies of >96% for three groups of bacteria (bacilli, cocci, and vibrio) and >95% for two species of bacilli (Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis), compared to machine learning algorithms (complex tree, linear discriminant, and K-nearest neighbor algorithms) with a maximum accuracy of 76.4%. Furthermore, bacterial differentiation was achieved on spiked samples of different species with different mixing ratios. The proposed ConvNet deep learning-assisted data analysis method of IFC exhibits advantages in analyzing a huge number of data sets with capacity for extracting predominant features within multicomponent information and will bring about progress and advances in the fields of both biosensing and data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziyu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chongling Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhe Feng
- Wuqing District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Meiqing Sun
- Wuqing District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 301700, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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3
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Zhuang L, Gong J, Zhao Y, Yang J, Liu G, Zhao B, Song C, Zhang Y, Shen Q. Progress in methods for the detection of viable Escherichia coli. Analyst 2024; 149:1022-1049. [PMID: 38273740 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01750h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a prevalent enteric bacterium and a necessary organism to monitor for food safety and environmental purposes. Developing efficient and specific methods is critical for detecting and monitoring viable E. coli due to its high prevalence. Conventional culture methods are often laborious and time-consuming, and they offer limited capability in detecting potentially harmful viable but non-culturable E. coli in the tested sample, which highlights the need for improved approaches. Hence, there is a growing demand for accurate and sensitive methods to determine the presence of viable E. coli. This paper scrutinizes various methods for detecting viable E. coli, including culture-based methods, molecular methods that target DNAs and RNAs, bacteriophage-based methods, biosensors, and other emerging technologies. The review serves as a guide for researchers seeking additional methodological options and aiding in the development of rapid and precise assays. Moving forward, it is anticipated that methods for detecting E. coli will become more stable and robust, ultimately contributing significantly to the improvement of food safety and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhuang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, P. R. China.
| | - Jiansen Gong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou 225125, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, P. R. China.
| | - Jianbo Yang
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, P. R. China.
| | - Guofang Liu
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, P. R. China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, P. R. China.
| | - Chunlei Song
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Basic Medicine Research and Innovation Center of Ministry of Education, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, P. R. China.
| | - Qiuping Shen
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, P. R. China.
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4
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Boyte ME, Benkowski A, Pane M, Shehata HR. Probiotic and postbiotic analytical methods: a perspective of available enumeration techniques. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1304621. [PMID: 38192285 PMCID: PMC10773886 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1304621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are the largest non-herbal/traditional dietary supplements category worldwide. To be effective, a probiotic strain must be delivered viable at an adequate dose proven to deliver a health benefit. The objective of this article is to provide an overview of the various technologies available for probiotic enumeration, including a general description of each technology, their advantages and limitations, and their potential for the future of the probiotics industry. The current "gold standard" for analytical quantification of probiotics in the probiotic industry is the Plate Count method (PC). PC measures the bacterial cell's ability to proliferate into detectable colonies, thus PC relies on cultivability as a measure of viability. Although viability has widely been measured by cultivability, there has been agreement that the definition of viability is not limited to cultivability. For example, bacterial cells may exist in a state known as viable but not culturable (VBNC) where the cells lose cultivability but can maintain some of the characteristics of viable cells as well as probiotic properties. This led to questioning the association between viability and cultivability and the accuracy of PC in enumerating all the viable cells in probiotic products. PC has always been an estimate of the number of viable cells and not a true cell count. Additionally, newer probiotic categories such as Next Generation Probiotics (NGPs) are difficult to culture in routine laboratories as NGPs are often strict anaerobes with extreme sensitivity to atmospheric oxygen. Thus, accurate quantification using culture-based techniques will be complicated. Another emerging category of biotics is postbiotics, which are inanimate microorganisms, also often referred to as tyndallized or heat-killed bacteria. Obviously, culture dependent methods are not suitable for these products, and alternative methods are needed for their quantification. Different methodologies provide a more complete picture of a heterogeneous bacterial population versus PC focusing exclusively on the eventual multiplication of the cells. Alternative culture-independent techniques including real-time PCR, digital PCR and flow cytometry are discussed. These methods can measure viability beyond cultivability (i.e., by measuring cellular enzymatic activity, membrane integrity or membrane potential), and depending on how they are designed they can achieve strain-specific enumeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Boyte
- NutraPharma Consulting Services Inc., Sainte-Anne-des-Plaines, QC, Canada
| | | | - Marco Pane
- Probiotical Research s.r.l., Novara, Italy
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Chen J, Zhong J, Lei H, Ai Y. Label-free multidimensional bacterial characterization with an ultrawide detectable concentration range by microfluidic impedance cytometry. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:5029-5038. [PMID: 37909182 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00799e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate identification of bacteria is of great importance to public health in various fields, including medical diagnostics, food safety, and environmental monitoring. However, most existing bacterial detection methods have very narrow detectable concentration ranges and limited detection information, which easily leads to wrong diagnosis and treatment. This work presents a novel high-throughput microfluidic electrical impedance-based multidimensional single-bacterium profiling system for ultrawide concentration range detection and accurate differentiation of viability and Gram types of bacteria. The electrical impedance-based microfluidic cytometry is capable of multi-frequency impedance quantification, which allows profiling of the bacteria size, concentration, and membrane impedance as an indicator of bacterial viability and Gram properties in a single flow-through interrogation. It has been demonstrated that this novel impedance cytometry has an ultrawide bacterial counting range (102-108 cells per mL), and exhibits a rapid and accurate discrimination of viability and Gram types of bacteria in a label-free manner. Escherichia coli (E. coli) has been used as an analog species for the accuracy assessment of the electrical impedance-based bacterial detection system in an authentic complex beverage matrix within 24 hours. The impedance-based quantifications of viable bacteria are consistent with those obtained by the classical bacterial colony counting method (R2 = 0.996). This work could pave the way for providing a novel microfluidic cytometry system for rapid and multidimensional bacterial detection in diverse areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jianwei Zhong
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
| | - Hongtao Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
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6
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Jordal PL, Diaz MG, Morazzoni C, Allesina S, Zogno D, Cattivelli D, Galletti S, Guidesi E, Warzée JP, Pane M. Collaborative cytometric inter-laboratory ring test for probiotics quantification. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1285075. [PMID: 38029213 PMCID: PMC10667725 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1285075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. From this definition, accurate enumeration of probiotic products is a necessity. Nonetheless, this definition does not specify the methods for assessing such viability. Colony forming units is the de facto gold standard for enumerating viable in probiotic products. The notion of microbial viability has been anchored in the concept of cultivability, which refers to a cell's capacity to replicate and form colonies on agar media. However, there is a growing consensus that the term "viability" should not be exclusively tied to the ability to cultivate cells. For example, bacterial cells can exist in a Viable But Non-Culturable (VBNC) state, characterized by the maintenance of characteristics such as membrane integrity, enzymatic activity, pH gradients, and elevated levels of rRNA, despite losing the ability to form colonies. Methods Herein we present the results of a collaborative inter-laboratory ring test for cytometric bacterial quantification. Specifically, membrane integrity fluorescence flow cytometry (FFC) method and the newer impedance flow cytometry (IFC) method have been used. Both methods interrogate single cells in solution for the presence of intact membranes. FFC exploits fluorochromes that reflect the presence or absence of an intact membrane. IFC probes membrane integrity in a label-free approach by detecting membrane-induced hindrances to the propagation of electricity. Results A performance ring-test and comparison design on the FFC method showed that the method is robust against the exchange of equipment, procedures, materials, and operators. After initial method optimization with assessments of rehydration medium, wake-up duration, and phase shift gating on the individual strains, the IFC method showed good agreement with the FFC results. Specifically, we tested 6 distinct species of probiotic bacteria (3 Lactobacillus and 3 Bifidobacterium strains) finding good agreement between FFC and IFC results in terms of total and live cells. Discussion Together, these results demonstrate that flow cytometry is a reliable, precise, and user-friendly culture-independent method for bacterial enumeration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Serena Galletti
- AAT – Advanced Analytical Technologies, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Elena Guidesi
- AAT – Advanced Analytical Technologies, Fiorenzuola d’Arda, Italy
| | - Jean-Pol Warzée
- European Scientific League for Probiotics, Brussels, Belgium
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Moore JH, Salahi A, Honrado C, Warburton C, Tate S, Warren CA, Swami NS. Correlating Antibiotic-Induced Dysbiosis to Clostridioides difficile Spore Germination and Host Susceptibility to Infection Using an Ex Vivo Assay. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1878-1888. [PMID: 37756389 PMCID: PMC10581205 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-induced microbiota disruption and its persistence create conditions for dysbiosis and colonization by opportunistic pathogens, such as those causing Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI), which is the most severe hospital-acquired intestinal infection. Given the wide differences in microbiota across hosts and in their recovery after antibiotic treatments, there is a need for assays to assess the influence of dysbiosis and its recovery dynamics on the susceptibility of the host to CDI. Germination of C. difficile spores is a key virulence trait for the onset of CDI, which is influenced by the level of primary vs secondary bile acids in the intestinal milieu that is regulated by the microbiota composition. Herein, the germination of C. difficile spores in fecal supernatant from mice that are subject to varying degrees of antibiotic treatment is utilized as an ex vivo assay to predict intestinal dysbiosis in the host based on their susceptibility to CDI, as determined by in vivo CDI metrics in the same mouse model. Quantification of spore germination down to lower detection limits than the colony-forming assay is achieved by using impedance cytometry to count single vegetative bacteria that are identified based on their characteristic electrical physiology for distinction vs aggregated spores and cell debris in the media. As a result, germination can be quantified at earlier time points and with fewer spores for correlation to CDI outcomes. This sets the groundwork for a point-of-care tool to gauge the susceptibility of human microbiota to CDI after antibiotic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H. Moore
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Armita Salahi
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Carlos Honrado
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Christopher Warburton
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Steven Tate
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Cirle A. Warren
- Infectious
Diseases, School of Medicine, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, United States
| | - Nathan S. Swami
- Electrical
and Computer Engineering, University of
Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Chemistry, University
of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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8
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Zhu W, Wang J, Luo H, Luo B, Li X, Liu S, Li C. Electrical Characterization and Analysis of Single Cells and Related Applications. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:907. [PMID: 37887100 PMCID: PMC10605054 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Biological parameters extracted from electrical signals from various body parts have been used for many years to analyze the human body and its behavior. In addition, electrical signals from cancer cell lines, normal cells, and viruses, among others, have been widely used for the detection of various diseases. Single-cell parameters such as cell and cytoplasmic conductivity, relaxation frequency, and membrane capacitance are important. There are many techniques available to characterize biomaterials, such as nanotechnology, microstrip cavity resonance measurement, etc. This article reviews single-cell isolation and sorting techniques, such as the micropipette separation method, separation and sorting system (dual electrophoretic array system), DEPArray sorting system (dielectrophoretic array system), cell selector sorting system, and microfluidic and valve devices, and discusses their respective advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, it summarizes common single-cell electrical manipulations, such as single-cell amperometry (SCA), electrical impedance sensing (EIS), impedance flow cytometry (IFC), cell-based electrical impedance (CEI), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and integrated microelectrode array (IMA). The article also enumerates the application and significance of single-cell electrochemical analysis from the perspectives of CTC liquid biopsy, recombinant adenovirus, tumor cells like lung cancer DTCs (LC-DTCs), and single-cell metabolomics analysis. The paper concludes with a discussion of the current limitations faced by single-cell analysis techniques along with future directions and potential application scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Zhu
- Clinical Medicine (Eight-Year Program), West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China; (W.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Jiaao Wang
- Clinical Medicine (Eight-Year Program), West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610044, China; (W.Z.); (J.W.)
| | - Hongzhi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi 563002, China;
| | - Binwen Luo
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China;
| | - Xue Li
- Sichuan Hanyuan County People’s Hospital, Hanyuan 625300, China;
| | - Shan Liu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Medical Genetics, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China;
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Raj M K, Priyadarshani J, Karan P, Bandyopadhyay S, Bhattacharya S, Chakraborty S. Bio-inspired microfluidics: A review. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:051503. [PMID: 37781135 PMCID: PMC10539033 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomicrofluidics, a subdomain of microfluidics, has been inspired by several ideas from nature. However, while the basic inspiration for the same may be drawn from the living world, the translation of all relevant essential functionalities to an artificially engineered framework does not remain trivial. Here, we review the recent progress in bio-inspired microfluidic systems via harnessing the integration of experimental and simulation tools delving into the interface of engineering and biology. Development of "on-chip" technologies as well as their multifarious applications is subsequently discussed, accompanying the relevant advancements in materials and fabrication technology. Pointers toward new directions in research, including an amalgamated fusion of data-driven modeling (such as artificial intelligence and machine learning) and physics-based paradigm, to come up with a human physiological replica on a synthetic bio-chip with due accounting of personalized features, are suggested. These are likely to facilitate physiologically replicating disease modeling on an artificially engineered biochip as well as advance drug development and screening in an expedited route with the minimization of animal and human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Raj M
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Jyotsana Priyadarshani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomechanics Section (BMe), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300, 3001 Louvain, Belgium
| | - Pratyaksh Karan
- Géosciences Rennes Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Saumyadwip Bandyopadhyay
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Soumya Bhattacharya
- Achira Labs Private Limited, 66b, 13th Cross Rd., Dollar Layout, 3–Phase, JP Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka 560078, India
| | - Suman Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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10
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Mermans F, Mattelin V, Van den Eeckhoudt R, García-Timermans C, Van Landuyt J, Guo Y, Taurino I, Tavernier F, Kraft M, Khan H, Boon N. Opportunities in optical and electrical single-cell technologies to study microbial ecosystems. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1233705. [PMID: 37692384 PMCID: PMC10486927 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
New techniques are revolutionizing single-cell research, allowing us to study microbes at unprecedented scales and in unparalleled depth. This review highlights the state-of-the-art technologies in single-cell analysis in microbial ecology applications, with particular attention to both optical tools, i.e., specialized use of flow cytometry and Raman spectroscopy and emerging electrical techniques. The objectives of this review include showcasing the diversity of single-cell optical approaches for studying microbiological phenomena, highlighting successful applications in understanding microbial systems, discussing emerging techniques, and encouraging the combination of established and novel approaches to address research questions. The review aims to answer key questions such as how single-cell approaches have advanced our understanding of individual and interacting cells, how they have been used to study uncultured microbes, which new analysis tools will become widespread, and how they contribute to our knowledge of ecological interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Mermans
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valérie Mattelin
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruben Van den Eeckhoudt
- Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS), Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cristina García-Timermans
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Josefien Van Landuyt
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yuting Guo
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Irene Taurino
- Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS), Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Semiconductor Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Tavernier
- MICAS, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Kraft
- Micro- and Nanosystems (MNS), Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Institute of Micro- and Nanoscale Integration (LIMNI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hira Khan
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Department of Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Troiano C, De Ninno A, Casciaro B, Riccitelli F, Park Y, Businaro L, Massoud R, Mangoni ML, Bisegna P, Stella L, Caselli F. Rapid Assessment of Susceptibility of Bacteria and Erythrocytes to Antimicrobial Peptides by Single-Cell Impedance Cytometry. ACS Sens 2023. [PMID: 37421371 PMCID: PMC10391704 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising class of compounds to fight antibiotic-resistant infections. In most cases, they kill bacteria by making their membrane permeable and therefore exhibit low propensity to induce bacterial resistance. In addition, they are often selective, killing bacteria at concentrations lower than those at which they are toxic to the host. However, clinical applications of AMPs are hindered by a limited understanding of their interactions with bacteria and human cells. Standard susceptibility testing methods are based on the analysis of the growth of a bacterial population and therefore require several hours. Moreover, different assays are required to assess the toxicity to host cells. In this work, we propose the use of microfluidic impedance cytometry to explore the action of AMPs on both bacteria and host cells in a rapid manner and with single-cell resolution. Impedance measurements are particularly well-suited to detect the effects of AMPs on bacteria, due to the fact that the mechanism of action involves perturbation of the permeability of cell membranes. We show that the electrical signatures of Bacillus megaterium cells and human red blood cells (RBCs) reflect the action of a representative antimicrobial peptide, DNS-PMAP23. In particular, the impedance phase at high frequency (e.g., 11 or 20 MHz) is a reliable label-free metric for monitoring DNS-PMAP23 bactericidal activity and toxicity to RBCs. The impedance-based characterization is validated by comparison with standard antibacterial activity assays and absorbance-based hemolytic activity assays. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applicability of the technique to a mixed sample of B. megaterium cells and RBCs, which paves the way to study AMP selectivity for bacterial versus eukaryotic cells in the presence of both cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Troiano
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Adele De Ninno
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Italian National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Casciaro
- Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Riccitelli
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Luca Businaro
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, Italian National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Renato Massoud
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Mangoni
- Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Bisegna
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Caselli
- Department of Civil Engineering and Computer Science, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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12
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Nguyen TH, Nguyen HA, Tran Thi YV, Hoang Tran D, Cao H, Chu Duc T, Bui TT, Do Quang L. Concepts, electrode configuration, characterization, and data analytics of electric and electrochemical microfluidic platforms: a review. Analyst 2023; 148:1912-1929. [PMID: 36928639 DOI: 10.1039/d2an02027k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic cytometry (MC) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are two important techniques in biomedical engineering. Microfluidic cytometry has been utilized in various fields such as stem cell differentiation and cancer metastasis studies, and provides a simple, label-free, real-time method for characterizing and monitoring cellular fates. The impedance microdevice, including impedance flow cytometry (IFC) and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), is integrated into MC systems. IFC measures the impedance of individual cells as they flow through a microfluidic device, while EIS measures impedance changes during binding events on electrode regions. There have been significant efforts to improve and optimize these devices for both basic research and clinical applications, based on the concepts, electrode configurations, and cell fates. This review outlines the theoretical concepts, electrode engineering, and data analytics of these devices, and highlights future directions for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Hang Nguyen
- University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | | | - Y-Van Tran Thi
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | | | - Hung Cao
- University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Trinh Chu Duc
- University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Tung Thanh Bui
- University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Loc Do Quang
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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13
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Liu L, Ma W, Wang X, Li S. Recent Progress of Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Bacteria Detection. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:350. [PMID: 36979564 PMCID: PMC10046079 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There are various pathogenic bacteria in the surrounding living environment, which not only pose a great threat to human health but also bring huge losses to economic development. Conventional methods for bacteria detection are usually time-consuming, complicated and labor-intensive, and cannot meet the growing demands for on-site and rapid analyses. Sensitive, rapid and effective methods for pathogenic bacteria detection are necessary for environmental monitoring, food safety and infectious bacteria diagnosis. Recently, benefiting from its advantages of rapidity and high sensitivity, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has attracted significant attention in the field of bacteria detection and identification as well as drug susceptibility testing. Here, we comprehensively reviewed the latest advances in SERS technology in the field of bacteria analysis. Firstly, the mechanism of SERS detection and the fabrication of the SERS substrate were briefly introduced. Secondly, the label-free SERS applied for the identification of bacteria species was summarized in detail. Thirdly, various SERS tags for the high-sensitivity detection of bacteria were also discussed. Moreover, we emphasized the application prospects of microfluidic SERS chips in antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). In the end, we gave an outlook on the future development and trends of SERS in point-of-care diagnoses of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wenrui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Shunbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Key Disciplines Laboratory of Novel Micro-Nano Devices and System Technology, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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14
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Bertelsen CV, Skands GE, González Díaz M, Dimaki M, Svendsen WE. Using Impedance Flow Cytometry for Rapid Viability Classification of Heat-Treated Bacteria. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:7714-7721. [PMID: 36873038 PMCID: PMC9979241 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the future, rapid electrical characterization of cells with impedance flow cytometry promises to be a fast and accurate method for the evaluation of cell properties. In this paper, we investigate how the conductivity of the suspending medium along with the heat exposure time affects the viability classification of heat-treated E. coli. Using a theoretical model, we show that perforation of the bacteria membrane during heat exposure changes the impedance of the bacterial cell from effectively less conducting than the suspension medium to effectively more conducting. Consequently, this results in a shift in the differential argument of the complex electrical current that can be measured with impedance flow cytometry. We observe this shift experimentally through measurements on E. coli samples with varying medium conductivity and heat exposure times. We show that increased exposure time and lower medium conductivity results in improved classification between untreated and heat-treated bacteria. The best classification was achieved with a medium conductivity of 0.045 S/m after 30 min of heat exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Vinther Bertelsen
- DTU
Bioengineering, Technical University of
Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- SBT
Instruments A/S, Symfonivej
37, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Maria Dimaki
- DTU
Bioengineering, Technical University of
Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Winnie Edith Svendsen
- DTU
Bioengineering, Technical University of
Denmark, Søltofts Plads 221, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Tang T, Liu X, Yuan Y, Zhang T, Kiya R, Yang Y, Yamazaki Y, Kamikubo H, Tanaka Y, Li M, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y. Parallel Impedance Cytometry for Real-Time Screening of Bacterial Single Cells from Nano- to Microscale. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3700-3709. [PMID: 36203240 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of impedance cytometry include high-throughput and label-free detection, while long-term calibration is required to remove the effects of the detection circuits. This study presents a novel impedance cytometry system, called parallel impedance cytometry, to simplify the calibration and analysis of the impedance signals. Furthermore, target objects can be detected even when benchmarked against similar objects. Parallel dual microchannels allow the simultaneous detection of reference and target particles in two separate microchannels, without the premixing of reference and target suspensions. The impedance pulses of both can appear separately on the opposite sides of the same time series, which have been verified via simulation and experimental results. Raw impedance signals can easily distinguish target particles from reference ones. Polystyrene beads with different sizes ranging from nano- to microscale (e.g., 500, 750 nm, 1, 2, 3, and 4.5 μm) confirm the nanosensitivity of the system. In addition, the detection of antibiotic-treated Escherichia coli cells demonstrates that our system can be used for the quantitative assessment of the dielectric properties of individual cells, as well as for the proportion of susceptible cells. Through benchmarking against untreated E. coli cells in the other channel, our method enables the discrimination of susceptible cells from others and the comparison of susceptible and insusceptible cells in the target suspension. Those findings indicate that the parallel impedance cytometry can greatly facilitate the measurement and calibration of the impedances of various particles or cells and provide a means to compare their dielectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Xun Liu
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yapeng Yuan
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tianlong Zhang
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.,School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Ryota Kiya
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, Hainan 572000, P. R. China
| | - Yoichi Yamazaki
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Hironari Kamikubo
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yo Tanaka
- Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ming Li
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Yoichiroh Hosokawa
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yaxiaer Yalikun
- Division of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayamacho, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan.,Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), RIKEN, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Recent advances of integrated microfluidic systems for fungal and bacterial analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Hartmann FSF, Udugama IA, Seibold GM, Sugiyama H, Gernaey KV. Digital models in biotechnology: Towards multi-scale integration and implementation. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108015. [PMID: 35781047 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Industrial biotechnology encompasses a large area of multi-scale and multi-disciplinary research activities. With the recent megatrend of digitalization sweeping across all industries, there is an increased focus in the biotechnology industry on developing, integrating and applying digital models to improve all aspects of industrial biotechnology. Given the rapid development of this field, we systematically classify the state-of-art modelling concepts applied at different scales in industrial biotechnology and critically discuss their current usage, advantages and limitations. Further, we critically analyzed current strategies to couple cell models with computational fluid dynamics to study the performance of industrial microorganisms in large-scale bioprocesses, which is of crucial importance for the bio-based production industries. One of the most challenging aspects in this context is gathering intracellular data under industrially relevant conditions. Towards comprehensive models, we discuss how different scale-down concepts combined with appropriate analytical tools can capture intracellular states of single cells. We finally illustrated how the efforts could be used to develop digitals models suitable for both cell factory design and process optimization at industrial scales in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian S F Hartmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Isuru A Udugama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 228 A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Gerd M Seibold
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 223, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hirokazu Sugiyama
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Tokyo, Japan
| | - Krist V Gernaey
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 228 A, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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18
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Zhang Z, Huang X, Liu K, Lan T, Wang Z, Zhu Z. Recent Advances in Electrical Impedance Sensing Technology for Single-Cell Analysis. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:470. [PMID: 34821686 PMCID: PMC8615761 DOI: 10.3390/bios11110470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity is of significance in cell-based assays for life science, biomedicine and clinical diagnostics. Electrical impedance sensing technology has become a powerful tool, allowing for rapid, non-invasive, and label-free acquisition of electrical parameters of single cells. These electrical parameters, i.e., equivalent cell resistance, membrane capacitance and cytoplasm conductivity, are closely related to cellular biophysical properties and dynamic activities, such as size, morphology, membrane intactness, growth state, and proliferation. This review summarizes basic principles, analytical models and design concepts of single-cell impedance sensing devices, including impedance flow cytometry (IFC) to detect flow-through single cells and electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to monitor immobilized single cells. Then, recent advances of both electrical impedance sensing systems applied in cell recognition, cell counting, viability detection, phenotypic assay, cell screening, and other cell detection are presented. Finally, prospects of impedance sensing technology in single-cell analysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210018, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Xiaowen Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Province Hospital), Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing 210029, China;
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210018, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Tiancong Lan
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210018, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Zixin Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Xingang Xi Road 135, Guangzhou 510275, China;
| | - Zhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210018, China; (Z.Z.); (K.L.); (T.L.)
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19
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Zhang S, Han Z, Feng Z, Sun M, Duan X. Deep Learning Assisted Microfluidic Impedance Flow Cytometry for Label-free Foodborne Bacteria Analysis and Classification . ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:7087-7090. [PMID: 34892734 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
According to the urgent need for rapid detection and identification of foodborne bacteria to prevent public health event, a microfluidic electrical impedance flow cytometry assisted with convolutional neural network (ConvNet) based deep learning algorithm was proposed in this study to analyze the impedance signals of bacteria. With the assistance of the deep learning algorithm, Escherichia coli (EPEC), Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) were identified with an accuracy of 100%. The proposed impedance based analysis system can be potentially applied for pre-classification of different subtypes of bacteria in a label-free manner.Clinical Relevance-The whole platform can be miniaturized and applied for point-of-care testing (POCT) of pathogenic bacteria detection.
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20
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Hartmann FSF, Anastasiou I, Weiß T, Shen J, Seibold GM. Impedance flow cytometry for viability analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 191:106347. [PMID: 34656671 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Corynebacterium glutamicum efficiently produces glutamate when growth is inhibited. Analyses of viability in this non-growing state requires time consuming plating and determination of colony forming units. We here establish impedance flow cytometry measurements to assess the viability of non-growing, glutamate producing C. glutamicum cultures within minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Stefan Franz Hartmann
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ioannis Anastasiou
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tamara Weiß
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gerd Michael Seibold
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens, Lyngby, Denmark.
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21
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Gao R, Liao X, Zhao X, Liu D, Ding T. The diagnostic tools for viable but nonculturable pathogens in the food industry: Current status and future prospects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2146-2175. [PMID: 33484068 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) microorganisms have been recognized as pathogenic contaminants in foods and environments. The failure of VBNC cells to form the visible colonies hinders the ability to use conventional media for their detection. Efficient and rapid detection of pathogens in the VBNC state is a prerequisite to ensure the food safety and public health. Despite their nonculturability, VBNC cells have distinct characteristics, such as morphology, metabolism, chemical composition, and gene and protein expression, that have been used as the basis for the development of abundant diagnostic tools. This review covers the current status and advances in various approaches for examining microorganisms in the VBNC state, including but not limited to the methodological aspects, advantages, and drawbacks of each technique. Existing methods, such as direct viable count, SYTO/PI dual staining, and propidium monoazide quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as well as some techniques with potential to be applied in the future, such as digital PCR, enhanced-surface Raman spectroscopy, and impedance-based techniques, are summarized in depth. Finally, future prospects for the one-step detection of VBNC bacteria are proposed and discussed. We believe that this review can provide more optional methods for researchers and promote the development of rapid, accurate detecting methods, and for inspectors, the diagnostic tools can provide data to undertake risk analysis of VBNC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gao
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Liao
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xihong Zhao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tian Ding
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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