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Endo K, Hiraguri T, Kimura T, Shimizu H, Shimada T, Shibasaki A, Suzuki C, Fujinuma R, Takemura Y. Estimation of the amount of pear pollen based on flowering stage detection using deep learning. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13163. [PMID: 38849427 PMCID: PMC11161521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pear pollination is performed by artificial pollination because the pollination rate through insect pollination is not stable. Pollen must be collected to secure sufficient pollen for artificial pollination. However, recently, collecting sufficient amounts of pollen in Japan has become difficult, resulting in increased imports from overseas. To solve this problem, improving the efficiency of pollen collection and strengthening the domestic supply and demand system is necessary. In this study, we proposed an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based method to estimate the amount of pear pollen. The proposed method used a deep learning-based object detection algorithm, You Only Look Once (YOLO), to classify and detect flower shapes in five stages, from bud to flowering, and to estimate the pollen amount. In this study, the performance of the proposed method was discussed by analyzing the accuracy and error of classification for multiple flower varieties. Although this study only discussed the performance of estimating the amount of pollen collected, in the future, we aim to establish a technique for estimating the time of maximum pollen collection using the method proposed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Endo
- Nippon Institute of Technology, Saitama, 345-8501, Japan.
| | | | - Tomotaka Kimura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto, 610-0321, Japan
| | | | - Tomohito Shimada
- Saitama Agricultural Technology Research Center, Saitama, 346-0037, Japan
| | - Akane Shibasaki
- Saitama Agriculture and Forestry Promotion Center, Saitama, 330-0074, Japan
| | - Chisa Suzuki
- Saitama Agricultural Technology Research Center, Saitama, 346-0037, Japan
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2
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Escribà-Gelonch M, Liang S, van Schalkwyk P, Fisk I, Long NVD, Hessel V. Digital Twins in Agriculture: Orchestration and Applications. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10737-10752. [PMID: 38709011 PMCID: PMC11100011 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Digital Twins have emerged as an outstanding opportunity for precision farming, digitally replicating in real-time the functionalities of objects and plants. A virtual replica of the crop, including key agronomic development aspects such as irrigation, optimal fertilization strategies, and pest management, can support decision-making and a step change in farm management, increasing overall sustainability and direct water, fertilizer, and pesticide savings. In this review, Digital Twin technology is critically reviewed and framed in the context of recent advances in precision agriculture and Agriculture 4.0. The review is organized for each step of agricultural lifecycle, edaphic, phytotechnologic, postharvest, and farm infrastructure, with supporting case studies demonstrating direct benefits for agriculture production and supply chain considering both benefits and limitations of such an approach. Challenges and limitations are disclosed regarding the complexity of managing such an amount of data and a multitude of (often) simultaneous operations and supports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Escribà-Gelonch
- Higher Polytechnic
Engineering School, University of Lleida, Lleida 25001, Spain
| | - Shu Liang
- Higher Polytechnic
Engineering School, University of Lleida, Lleida 25001, Spain
- ARC Centre
of Excellence Plants for Space, University
of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- School of
Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | | | - Ian Fisk
- International
Flavour Research Centre, Division of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, United Kingdom
- International
Flavour Research Centre (Adelaide), School of Agriculture, Food and
Wine and Waite Research Institute, The University
of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, South
Australia 5064, Australia
| | - Nguyen Van Duc Long
- ARC Centre
of Excellence Plants for Space, University
of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- School of
Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- School of
Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Hessel
- ARC Centre
of Excellence Plants for Space, University
of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
- School of
Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- School of
Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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3
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Ahmed N, Zhang B, Deng L, Bozdar B, Li J, Chachar S, Chachar Z, Jahan I, Talpur A, Gishkori MS, Hayat F, Tu P. Advancing horizons in vegetable cultivation: a journey from ageold practices to high-tech greenhouse cultivation-a review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1357153. [PMID: 38685958 PMCID: PMC11057267 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1357153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Vegetable cultivation stands as a pivotal element in the agricultural transformation illustrating a complex interplay between technological advancements, evolving environmental perspectives, and the growing global demand for food. This comprehensive review delves into the broad spectrum of developments in modern vegetable cultivation practices. Rooted in historical traditions, our exploration commences with conventional cultivation methods and traces the progression toward contemporary practices emphasizing the critical shifts that have refined techniques and outcomes. A significant focus is placed on the evolution of seed selection and quality assessment methods underlining the growing importance of seed treatments in enhancing both germination and plant growth. Transitioning from seeds to the soil, we investigate the transformative journey from traditional soil-based cultivation to the adoption of soilless cultures and the utilization of sustainable substrates like biochar and coir. The review also examines modern environmental controls highlighting the use of advanced greenhouse technologies and artificial intelligence in optimizing plant growth conditions. We underscore the increasing sophistication in water management strategies from advanced irrigation systems to intelligent moisture sensing. Additionally, this paper discusses the intricate aspects of precision fertilization, integrated pest management, and the expanding influence of plant growth regulators in vegetable cultivation. A special segment is dedicated to technological innovations, such as the integration of drones, robots, and state-of-the-art digital monitoring systems, in the cultivation process. While acknowledging these advancements, the review also realistically addresses the challenges and economic considerations involved in adopting cutting-edge technologies. In summary, this review not only provides a comprehensive guide to the current state of vegetable cultivation but also serves as a forward-looking reference emphasizing the critical role of continuous research and the anticipation of future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazir Ahmed
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lansheng Deng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bilquees Bozdar
- Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Juan Li
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sadaruddin Chachar
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaid Chachar
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Itrat Jahan
- Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Talpur
- Faculty of Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | | | - Faisal Hayat
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Panfeng Tu
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4
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Stock M, Pieters O, De Swaef T, wyffels F. Plant science in the age of simulation intelligence. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 14:1299208. [PMID: 38293629 PMCID: PMC10824965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1299208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Historically, plant and crop sciences have been quantitative fields that intensively use measurements and modeling. Traditionally, researchers choose between two dominant modeling approaches: mechanistic plant growth models or data-driven, statistical methodologies. At the intersection of both paradigms, a novel approach referred to as "simulation intelligence", has emerged as a powerful tool for comprehending and controlling complex systems, including plants and crops. This work explores the transformative potential for the plant science community of the nine simulation intelligence motifs, from understanding molecular plant processes to optimizing greenhouse control. Many of these concepts, such as surrogate models and agent-based modeling, have gained prominence in plant and crop sciences. In contrast, some motifs, such as open-ended optimization or program synthesis, still need to be explored further. The motifs of simulation intelligence can potentially revolutionize breeding and precision farming towards more sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Stock
- KERMIT and Biobix, Department of Data Analysis and Mathematical Modelling, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Pieters
- IDLAB-AIRO, Ghent University, imec, Ghent, Belgium
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Melle, Belgium
| | - Tom De Swaef
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Melle, Belgium
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5
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Petropoulou AS, van Marrewijk B, de Zwart F, Elings A, Bijlaard M, van Daalen T, Jansen G, Hemming S. Lettuce Production in Intelligent Greenhouses-3D Imaging and Computer Vision for Plant Spacing Decisions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2929. [PMID: 36991638 PMCID: PMC10052086 DOI: 10.3390/s23062929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that food demand will increase by 35-56% over the period 2010-2050 due to population increase, economic development, and urbanization. Greenhouse systems allow for the sustainable intensification of food production with demonstrated high crop production per cultivation area. Breakthroughs in resource-efficient fresh food production merging horticultural and AI expertise take place with the international competition "Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge". This paper describes and analyzes the results of the third edition of this competition. The competition's goal is the realization of the highest net profit in fully autonomous lettuce production. Two cultivation cycles were conducted in six high-tech greenhouse compartments with operational greenhouse decision-making realized at a distance and individually by algorithms of international participating teams. Algorithms were developed based on time series sensor data of the greenhouse climate and crop images. High crop yield and quality, short growing cycles, and low use of resources such as energy for heating, electricity for artificial light, and CO2 were decisive in realizing the competition's goal. The results highlight the importance of plant spacing and the moment of harvest decisions in promoting high crop growth rates while optimizing greenhouse occupation and resource use. In this paper, images taken with depth cameras (RealSense) for each greenhouse were used by computer vision algorithms (Deepabv3+ implemented in detectron2 v0.6) in deciding optimum plant spacing and the moment of harvest. The resulting plant height and coverage could be accurately estimated with an R2 of 0.976, and a mIoU of 98.2, respectively. These two traits were used to develop a light loss and harvest indicator to support remote decision-making. The light loss indicator could be used as a decision tool for timely spacing. Several traits were combined for the harvest indicator, ultimately resulting in a fresh weight estimation with a mean absolute error of 22 g. The proposed non-invasively estimated indicators presented in this article are promising traits to be used towards full autonomation of a dynamic commercial lettuce growing environment. Computer vision algorithms act as a catalyst in remote and non-invasive sensing of crop parameters, decisive for automated, objective, standardized, and data-driven decision making. However, spectral indexes describing lettuces growth and larger datasets than the currently accessible are crucial to address existing shortcomings between academic and industrial production systems that have been encountered in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Selini Petropoulou
- Business Unit Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen University & Research (WUR), 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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6
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Shape classification technology of pollinated tomato flowers for robotic implementation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2159. [PMID: 36750598 PMCID: PMC9905599 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27971-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Three pollination methods are commonly used in the greenhouse cultivation of tomato. These are pollination using insects, artificial pollination (by manually vibrating flowers), and plant growth regulators. Insect pollination is the preferred natural technique. We propose a new pollination method, using flower classification technology with Artificial Intelligence (AI) administered by drones or robots. To pollinate tomato flowers, drones or robots must recognize and classify flowers that are ready to be pollinated. Therefore, we created an AI image classification system using a machine learning convolutional neural network (CNN). A challenge is to successfully classify flowers while the drone or robot is constantly moving. For example, when the plant is shaking due to wind or vibration caused by the drones or robots. The AI classifier was based on an image analysis algorithm for pollination flower shape. The experiment was performed in a tomato greenhouse and aimed for an accuracy rate of at least 70% for sufficient pollination. The most suitable flower shape was confirmed by the fruiting rate. Tomato fruit with the best shape were formed by this method. Although we targeted tomatoes, the AI image classification technology is adaptable for cultivating other species for a smart agricultural future.
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7
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Leveraging plant physiological dynamics using physical reservoir computing. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12594. [PMID: 35869238 PMCID: PMC9307625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16874-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are complex organisms subject to variable environmental conditions, which influence their physiology and phenotype dynamically. We propose to interpret plants as reservoirs in physical reservoir computing. The physical reservoir computing paradigm originates from computer science; instead of relying on Boolean circuits to perform computations, any substrate that exhibits complex non-linear and temporal dynamics can serve as a computing element. Here, we present the first application of physical reservoir computing with plants. In addition to investigating classical benchmark tasks, we show that Fragaria × ananassa (strawberry) plants can solve environmental and eco-physiological tasks using only eight leaf thickness sensors. Although the results indicate that plants are not suitable for general-purpose computation but are well-suited for eco-physiological tasks such as photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate. Having the means to investigate the information processing by plants improves quantification and understanding of integrative plant responses to dynamic changes in their environment. This first demonstration of physical reservoir computing with plants is key for transitioning towards a holistic view of phenotyping and early stress detection in precision agriculture applications since physical reservoir computing enables us to analyse plant responses in a general way: environmental changes are processed by plants to optimise their phenotype.
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8
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A Flashforward Look into Solutions for Fruit and Vegetable Production. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101886. [PMID: 36292770 PMCID: PMC9602186 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most important challenges facing current and future generations is how climate change and continuous population growth adversely affect food security. To address this, the food system needs a complete transformation where more is produced in non-optimal and space-limited areas while reducing negative environmental impacts. Fruits and vegetables, essential for human health, are high-value-added crops, which are grown in both greenhouses and open field environments. Here, we review potential practices to reduce the impact of climate variation and ecosystem damages on fruit and vegetable crop yield, as well as highlight current bottlenecks for indoor and outdoor agrosystems. To obtain sustainability, high-tech greenhouses are increasingly important and biotechnological means are becoming instrumental in designing the crops of tomorrow. We discuss key traits that need to be studied to improve agrosystem sustainability and fruit yield.
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9
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Uyeh DD, Iyiola O, Mallipeddi R, Asem-Hiablie S, Amaizu M, Ha Y, Park T. Grid Search for Lowest Root Mean Squared Error in Predicting Optimal Sensor Location in Protected Cultivation Systems. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:920284. [PMID: 35873973 PMCID: PMC9301965 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.920284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Irregular changes in the internal climates of protected cultivation systems can prevent attainment of optimal yield when the environmental conditions are not adequately monitored and controlled. Key to indoor environment monitoring and control and potentially reducing operational costs are the strategic placement of an optimal number of sensors using a robust method. A multi-objective approach based on supervised machine learning was used to determine the optimal number of sensors and installation positions in a protected cultivation system. Specifically, a gradient boosting algorithm, a form of a tree-based model, was fitted to measured (temperature and humidity) and derived conditions (dew point temperature, humidity ratio, enthalpy, and specific volume). Feature variables were forecasted in a time-series manner. Training and validation data were categorized without randomizing the observations to ensure the features remained time-dependent. Evaluations of the variations in the number and location of sensors by day, week, and month were done to observe the impact of environmental fluctuations on the optimal number and location of placement of sensors. Results showed that less than 32% of the 56 sensors considered in this study were needed to optimally monitor the protected cultivation system's internal environment with the highest occurring in May. In May, an average change of -0.041% in consecutive RMSE values ranged from the 1st sensor location (0.027°C) to the 17th sensor location (0.013°C). The derived properties better described the ambient condition of the indoor air than the directly measured, leading to a better performing machine learning model. A machine learning model was developed and proposed to determine the optimal sensors number and positions in a protected cultivation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dooyum Uyeh
- Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Upland-Field Machinery Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Smart Agriculture Innovation Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Olayinka Iyiola
- Smart Agriculture Innovation Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Department of Hydro Science and Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rammohan Mallipeddi
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Senorpe Asem-Hiablie
- Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Maryleen Amaizu
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Yushin Ha
- Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Upland-Field Machinery Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Smart Agriculture Innovation Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tusan Park
- Department of Bio-Industrial Machinery Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
- Smart Agriculture Innovation Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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10
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Serrano-Carreón L, Aranda-Ocampo S, Balderas-Ruíz KA, Juárez AM, Leyva E, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA, Galindo E. A case study of a profitable mid-tech greenhouse for the sustainable production of tomato, using a biofertilizer and a biofungicide. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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11
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Internet of Things Approaches for Monitoring and Control of Smart Greenhouses in Industry 4.0. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15103834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, climate change and a shortage of resources have brought about the need for technology in agriculture. Farmers have been forced to use information and innovation in communication in order to enhance production efficiency and crop resilience. Systems engineering and information infrastructure based on the Internet of Things (IoT) are the main novel approaches that have generated growing interest. In agriculture, IoT solutions according to the challenges for Industry 4.0 can be applied to greenhouses. Greenhouses are protected environments in which best plant growth can be achieved. IoT for smart greenhouses relates to sensors, devices, and information and communication infrastructure for real-time monitoring and data collection and processing, in order to efficiently control indoor parameters such as exposure to light, ventilation, humidity, temperature, and carbon dioxide level. This paper presents the current state of the art in the IoT-based applications to smart greenhouses, underlining benefits and opportunities of this technology in the agriculture environment.
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12
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Balderas-Ruíz KA, Gómez-Guerrero CI, Trujillo-Roldán MA, Valdez-Cruz NA, Aranda-Ocampo S, Juárez AM, Leyva E, Galindo E, Serrano-Carreón L. Bacillus velezensis 83 increases productivity and quality of tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum L.): Pre and postharvest assessment. CURRENT RESEARCH IN MICROBIAL SCIENCES 2021; 2:100076. [PMID: 34841365 PMCID: PMC8610353 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmicr.2021.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus spp. are well known plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and biological control agents (BCA) due to their capacity to synthesize a wide variety of phytostimulant and antimicrobial compounds. B. velezensis 83 is a strain marketed in Mexico as a foliar biofungicide (Fungifree AB™) which has been used for biological control of five different genera of phytopathogenic fungi (Colletotrichum, Erysiphe, Botrytis, Sphaerotheca, Leveillula) in crops of agricultural importance such as mango, avocado, papaya, citrus, tomato, strawberry, blueberry, blackberry and cucurbits, among others. In this work, the potential of plant growth promotion of B. velezensis 83 was evaluated on different phenological stages of tomato plants as well as the biocontrol efficacy of B. velezensis 83 formulations (cells and/or metabolites) against B. cinerea infection on leaves and postharvest fruits. Greenhouse grown tomato plants inoculated with a high concentration (1 × 108 CFU/plant) of B. velezensis 83 yielded 254 tons/Ha•year of which the 64% was first quality tomato (≥100 g/fruit), while the control plants produced less than 184 tons/Ha•year with only 55% of first quality tomato. Additionally, in vitro assays carried out with leaves and fruits, shown that the B. velezensis 83 cells formulation had an efficacy of control of B. cinerea infection of ∼31% on leaves and ∼89% on fruits, while the metabolites formulation had an efficacy of control of less than 10%. Therefore, it was concluded that spores (not the metabolites) are the main antagonism factor of Fungifree AB™. The high effectivity of B. cinerea control on fruits by B. velezensis 83, opens the possibility for a postharvest use of this biofungicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina A. Balderas-Ruíz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, México
| | - Clara I. Gómez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, México
| | - Mauricio A. Trujillo-Roldán
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Norma A. Valdez-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Producción de Biomoléculas, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sergio Aranda-Ocampo
- Postgrado en Fitosanidad-Fitopatología. Colegio de Postgraduados, Km 36.5 carretera México-Texcoco, C.P. 56230 Montecillo, Texcoco, Estado de México
| | - Antonio M. Juárez
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O Box 48-3, 62251 Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Edibel Leyva
- Centro de Desarrollo Tecnológico Tezoyuca, Fideicomisos Instituidos en Relación con la Agricultura "FIRA". Km. 12.5 Carretera Jiutepec-Zacatepec, Crucero De Tezoyuca, Amatitlán, 62765 Emiliano Zapata, Morelos, México
| | - Enrique Galindo
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, México
- Agro&Biotecnia S. de R.L. de C.V., Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Leobardo Serrano-Carreón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, México
- Agro&Biotecnia S. de R.L. de C.V., Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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13
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Contribution to the Sustainability of Agricultural Production in Greenhouses Built on Slope Soils: A Numerical Study of the Microclimatic Behavior of a Typical Colombian Structure. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13094748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The use of covered structures is an alternative increasingly used by farmers to increase crop yields per unit area compared to open field production. In Latin American countries such as Colombia, productive areas are located in with predominantly hillside soil conditions. In the last two decades, farmers have introduced cover structures adapted to these soil conditions, structures for which the behavior of factors that directly affect plant growth and development, such as microclimate, are still unknown. Therefore, in this research work, a CFD-3D model successfully validated with experimental data of temperature and air velocity was implemented. The numerical model was used to determine the behavior of air flow patterns and temperature distribution inside a Colombian passive greenhouse during daytime hours. The results showed that the slope of the terrain affects the behavior of the air flow patterns, generating thermal gradients inside the greenhouse with values between 1.26 and 16.93 °C for the hours evaluated. It was also found that the highest indoor temperature values at the same time were located in the highest region of the terrain. Based on the results of this study, future researches on how to optimize the microclimatic conditions of this type of sustainable productive system can be carried out.
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Tan B, Li Y, Liu T, Tan X, He Y, You X, Leong KH, Liu C, Li L. Response of Plant Rhizosphere Microenvironment to Water Management in Soil- and Substrate-Based Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) Systems: A Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:691651. [PMID: 34456936 PMCID: PMC8385539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.691651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As natural agroecology deteriorates, controlled environment agriculture (CEA) systems become the backup support for coping with future resource consumption and potential food crises. Compared with natural agroecology, most of the environmental parameters of the CEA system rely on manual management. Such a system is dependent and fragile and prone to degradation, which includes harmful bacteria proliferation and productivity decline. Proper water management is significant for constructing a stabilized rhizosphere microenvironment. It has been proved that water is an efficient tool for changing the availability of nutrients, plant physiological processes, and microbial communities within. However, for CEA issues, relevant research is lacking at present. The article reviews the interactive mechanism between water management and rhizosphere microenvironments from the perspectives of physicochemical properties, physiological processes, and microbiology in CEA systems. We presented a synthesis of relevant research on water-root-microbes interplay, which aimed to provide detailed references to the conceptualization, research, diagnosis, and troubleshooting for CEA systems, and attempted to give suggestions for the construction of a high-tech artificial agricultural ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiegang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxin He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueji You
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Kah Hon Leong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Malaysia
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Liu,
| | - Longguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource and Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Longguo Li,
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