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Kim CS, Bewley WW, Nguyen V, Kim M, Canedy CL, Meyer JR, Kendziora CA, McGill RA, Vurgaftman I. Detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) with an interband cascade laser sensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:17977-17987. [PMID: 38858965 DOI: 10.1364/oe.523299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate the sensitive detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP, a hydrogen-bond (HB) basic phosphonate ester) using additional optical loss induced in an interband cascade laser with top optical cladding layer replaced by an exposed sensing window coated by a HB acidic sorbent layer. Thin coatings of the sorbents HCSFA2 and oapBPAF were deposited on the sensing window to allow reversible capture and concentration of DMMP for optical interrogation. Analyte levels down to 0.1 mg/m3 (∼20 ppb) were tested and successfully detected by monitoring the laser's threshold or its output power at a fixed bias as a function of DMMP delivery concentration.
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Dal Cin S, Windischhofer A, Pilat F, Leskowschek M, Pecile VF, David M, Beiser M, Weih R, Koeth J, Marschick G, Hinkov B, Strasser G, Heckl OH, Schwarz B. An interband cascade laser based heterodyne detector with integrated optical amplifier and local oscillator. NANOPHOTONICS 2024; 13:1759-1764. [PMID: 38681676 PMCID: PMC11052533 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Heterodyne detection based on interband cascade lasers (ICL) has been demonstrated in a wide range of different applications. However, it is still often limited to bulky tabletop systems using individual components such as dual laser setups, beam shaping elements, and discrete detectors. In this work, a versatile integrated ICL platform is investigated for tackling this issue. A RF-optimized, two-section ICL approach is employed, consisting of a short section typically used for efficient modulation of the cavity field and a long gain section. Such a laser is operated in reversed mode, with the entire Fabry-Pérot waveguide utilized as a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) and the electrically separated short section as detector. Furthermore, a racetrack cavity is introduced as on-chip single-mode reference generator. The field of the racetrack cavity is coupled into the SOA waveguide via an 800 nm gap. By external injection of a single mode ICL operating at the appropriate wavelength, a heterodyne beating between the on-chip reference and the injected signal can be observed on the integrated detector section of the SOA-detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Dal Cin
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 25-25a, 1040Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Windischhofer
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 25-25a, 1040Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Pilat
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 25-25a, 1040Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Leskowschek
- Faculty of Physics, Faculty Center for Nano Structure Research, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mid-IR Spectroscopy, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Vito F. Pecile
- Faculty of Physics, Faculty Center for Nano Structure Research, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mid-IR Spectroscopy, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Mauro David
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 25-25a, 1040Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian Beiser
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 25-25a, 1040Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Weih
- Nanoplus Nanosystems and Technologies GmbH, Oberer Kirschberg 4, 97218Gerbrunn, Germany
| | - Johannes Koeth
- Nanoplus Nanosystems and Technologies GmbH, Oberer Kirschberg 4, 97218Gerbrunn, Germany
| | - Georg Marschick
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 25-25a, 1040Vienna, Austria
| | - Borislav Hinkov
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 25-25a, 1040Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Strasser
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 25-25a, 1040Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver H. Heckl
- Faculty of Physics, Faculty Center for Nano Structure Research, Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mid-IR Spectroscopy, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Benedikt Schwarz
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, TU Wien, Gusshausstrasse 25-25a, 1040Vienna, Austria
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Alberti S, Datta A, Jágerská J. Integrated Nanophotonic Waveguide-Based Devices for IR and Raman Gas Spectroscopy. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:7224. [PMID: 34770531 PMCID: PMC8587819 DOI: 10.3390/s21217224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
On-chip devices for absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy have been developing rapidly in the last few years, triggered by the growing availability of compact and affordable tunable lasers, detectors, and on-chip spectrometers. Material processing that is compatible with mass production has been proven to be capable of long low-loss waveguides of sophisticated designs, which are indispensable for high-light-analyte interactions. Sensitivity and selectivity have been further improved by the development of sorbent cladding. In this review, we discuss the latest advances and challenges in the field of waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (WERS) and waveguide infrared absorption spectroscopy (WIRAS). The development of integrated light sources and detectors toward miniaturization will be presented, together with the recent advances on waveguides and cladding to improve sensitivity. The latest reports on gas-sensing applications and main configurations for WERS and WIRAS will be described, and the most relevant figures of merit and limitations of different sensor realizations summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Alberti
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway; (A.D.); (J.J.)
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