Complex Pignistic Transformation-Based Evidential Distance for Multisource Information Fusion of Medical Diagnosis in the IoT

Multisensor Data Fusion in IoT Environments in Dempster-Shafer Theory Setting: An Improved Evidence Distance-Based Approach

In IoT environments, voluminous amounts of data are produced every single second. Due to multiple factors, these data are prone to various imperfections, they could be uncertain, conflicting, or even incorrect leading to wrong decisions. Multisensor data fusion has proved to be powerful for managing data coming from heterogeneous sources and moving towards effective decision-making. Dempster-Shafer (D-S) theory is a robust and flexible mathematical tool for modeling and merging uncertain, imprecise, and incomplete data, and is widely used in multisensor data fusion applications such as decision-making, fault diagnosis, pattern recognition, etc. However, the combination of contradictory data has always been challenging in D-S theory, unreasonable results may arise when dealing with highly conflicting sources. In this paper, an improved evidence combination approach is proposed to represent and manage both conflict and uncertainty in IoT environments in order to improve decision-making accuracy. It mainly relies on an improved evidence distance based on Hellinger distance and Deng entropy. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, a benchmark example for target recognition and two real application cases in fault diagnosis and IoT decision-making have been provided. Fusion results were compared with several similar methods, and simulation analyses have shown the superiority of the proposed method in terms of conflict management, convergence speed, fusion results reliability, and decision accuracy. In fact, our approach achieved remarkable accuracy rates of 99.32% in target recognition example, 96.14% in fault diagnosis problem, and 99.54% in IoT decision-making application.

Reliable Internet of Things: Challenges and Future Trends

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a vital component of many future industries. By intelligent integration of sensors, wireless communications, computing techniques, and data analytics, IoT can increase productivity and efficiency of industries. Reliability of data transmission is key to realize several applications offered by IoT. In this paper, we present an overview of future IoT applications, and their major communication requirements. We provide a brief survey of recent work in four major areas of reliable IoT including resource allocation, latency management, security, and reliability metrics. Finally, we highlight some of the important challenges for reliable IoT related to machine learning techniques, 6G communications and blockchain based security that need further investigation and discuss related future directions.