Dual Tunable MZIs Stationary-Wave Integrated Fourier Transform Spectrum Detection

Lab-on-a-chip optical biosensor platform: a micro-ring resonator integrated with a near-infrared Fourier transform spectrometer

In this paper, we demonstrated the design and experimental results of the near-infrared lab-on-a-chip optical biosensor platform that monolithically integrates the MRR and the on-chip spectrometer on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, which can eliminate the external optical spectrum analyzer for scanning the wavelength spectrum. The symmetric add-drop MRR biosensor is designed to have a free spectral range (FSR) of ∼19 nm and a bulk sensitivity of ∼73 nm/RIU; then the drop-port output resonance peaks are reconstructed from the integrated spatial-heterodyne Fourier transform spectrometer (SHFTS) with the spectral resolution of ∼3.1 nm and the bandwidth of ∼50 nm, which results in the limit of detection of 0.042 RIU.

Dual-Polarization Bandwidth-Bridged Bandpass Sampling Fourier Transform Spectrometer from Visible to Near-Infrared on a Silicon Nitride Platform

On-chip broadband optical spectrometers that cover the entire tissue transparency window (λ = 650-1050 nm) with high resolution are highly demanded for miniaturized biosensing and bioimaging applications. The standard spatial heterodyne Fourier transform spectrometer (SHFTS) requires a large number of Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) arrays to obtain a broad spectral bandwidth while maintaining high resolution. Here, we propose a novel type of SHFTS integrated with a subwavelength grating coupler (SWGC) for the dual-polarization bandpass sampling on the Si₃N₄ platform to solve the intrinsic trade-off limitation between the bandwidth and resolution of the SHFTS without having an outrageous number of MZI arrays or adding additional active photonic components. By applying the bandpass sampling theorem, the continuous broadband input spectrum is divided into multiple narrow-band channels through tuning the phase-matching condition of the SWGC with different polarization and coupling angles. Thereby, it is able to reconstruct each band separately far beyond the Nyquist criterion without aliasing error or degrading the resolution. We experimentally demonstrated the broadband spectrum retrieval results with the overall bandwidth coverage of 400 nm, bridging the wavelengths from 650 to 1050 nm, with a resolution of 2-5 nm. The bandpass sampling SHFTS is designed to have 32 linearly unbalanced MZIs with the maximum optical path length difference of 93 μm within an overall footprint size of 4.7 mm × 0.65 mm, and the coupling angles of SWGC are varied from 0° to 32° to cover the entire tissue transparency window.