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Dely H, Joharifar M, Durupt L, Ostrovskis A, Schatz R, Bonazzi T, Maisons G, Gacemi D, Salgals T, Zhang L, Spolitis S, Sun YT, Bobrovs V, Yu X, Sagnes I, Pantzas K, Vasanelli A, Ozolins O, Pang X, Sirtori C. Unipolar quantum optoelectronics for high speed direct modulation and transmission in 8-14 µm atmospheric window. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8040. [PMID: 39271663 PMCID: PMC11399236 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The large mid-infrared (MIR) spectral region, ranging from 2.5 µm to 25 µm, has remained under-exploited in the electromagnetic spectrum, primarily due to the absence of viable transceiver technologies. Notably, the 8-14 µm long-wave infrared (LWIR) atmospheric transmission window is particularly suitable for free-space optical (FSO) communication, owing to its combination of low atmospheric propagation loss and relatively high resilience to turbulence and other atmospheric disturbances. Here, we demonstrate a direct modulation and direct detection LWIR FSO communication system at 9.1 µm wavelength based on unipolar quantum optoelectronic devices with a unprecedented net bitrate exceeding 55 Gbit s-1. A directly modulated distributed feedback quantum cascade laser (DFB-QCL) with high modulation efficiency and improved RF-design was used as a transmitter while two high speed detectors utilizing meta-materials to enhance their responsivity are employed as receivers; a quantum cascade detector (QCD) and a quantum-well infrared photodetector (QWIP). We investigate system tradeoffs and constraints, and indicate pathways forward for this technology beyond 100 Gbit s-1 communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Dely
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS, Département de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Mahdieh Joharifar
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Armands Ostrovskis
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048, Riga, Latvia
| | - Richard Schatz
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Bonazzi
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS, Département de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | | | - Djamal Gacemi
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS, Département de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Toms Salgals
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048, Riga, Latvia
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Sandis Spolitis
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048, Riga, Latvia
| | - Yan-Ting Sun
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vjačeslavs Bobrovs
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048, Riga, Latvia
| | - Xianbin Yu
- College of Information Science and Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Isabelle Sagnes
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Konstantinos Pantzas
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Angela Vasanelli
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS, Département de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Oskars Ozolins
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048, Riga, Latvia
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 164 40, Kista, Sweden
| | - Xiaodan Pang
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Institute of Telecommunications, Riga Technical University, 1048, Riga, Latvia.
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, 164 40, Kista, Sweden.
| | - Carlo Sirtori
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS, Département de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France.
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