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Liu H, Chen X, Hu M, Wang H, Yao L, Xu Z, Ma G, Wang Q, Kan R. In Situ High-Precision Measurement of Deep-Sea Dissolved Methane by Quartz-Enhanced Photoacoustic and Light-Induced Thermoelastic Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:12846-12853. [PMID: 39048518 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate realization of in situ analysis of deep-sea dissolved gases imperative to the study of ecological geology, oil and gas resource exploration, and global climate change. Herein, we report for the first time the deep-sea dissolved methane (CH4) in situ sensor based on quartz-enhanced photoacoustic and light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy. The developed sensor system has a volume of φ120 mm × 430 mm and a power consumption of 7.6 W. The sensor, in the manner of frequency division multiplexing, is able to simultaneously measure the photoacoustic signals and light-induced thermoelastic signals, which can accurately correct laser-intensity induced influence on concentration. The spectral response of CH4 concentration varying from 0.01 to 5% is calibrated in detail based on the pressure and temperature in the application environment. The trend of the photoacoustic signal of CH4 at different water molecule (H2O) concentrations is investigated. An Allan variance analysis of several hours demonstrates a minimum detection limit of 0.21 ppm for the CH4 spectrometer. The sensor combined with the gas-liquid separation and enrichment unit is integrated into a compact marine standalone system. Since the specifically designed photoacoustic cell has a volume of only 1.2 mL, the time response for dissolved CH4 detection is reduced to 4 min. Furthermore, the sensor is successfully deployed in the vicinity of the "HaiMa" cold seeps at 1380 m underwater in the South China Sea, completing three consecutive days of measurements of dissolved CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Mai Hu
- Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Haoran Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Lu Yao
- Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Guosheng Ma
- Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Ruifeng Kan
- Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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Sun P, Hu M, Zhu L, Zhang H, Lv J, Liu Y, Liang J, Wang Q. Direct Measurement of Dissolved Gas Using a Tapered Single-Mode Silica Fiber. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3200. [PMID: 38794053 PMCID: PMC11125180 DOI: 10.3390/s24103200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved gases in the aquatic environment are critical to understanding the population of aquatic organisms and the ocean. Currently, laser absorption techniques based on membrane separation technology have made great strides in dissolved gas detection. However, the prolonged water-gas separation time of permeable membranes remains a key obstacle to the efficiency of dissolved gas analysis. To mitigate these limitations, we demonstrated direct measurement of dissolved gas using the evanescent-wave absorption spectroscopy of a tapered silica micro-fiber. It enhanced the analysis efficiency of dissolved gases without water-gas separation or sample preparation. The feasibility of this sensor for direct measurement of dissolved gases was verified by taking the detection of dissolved ammonia as an example. With a sensing length of 5 mm and a consumption of ~50 µL, this sensor achieves a system response time of ~11 min and a minimum detection limit (MDL) of 0.015%. Possible strategies are discussed for further performance improvement in in-situ applications requiring fast and highly sensitive dissolved gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing for Optical Systems (CAS), Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (P.S.); (M.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Mengpeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing for Optical Systems (CAS), Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (P.S.); (M.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Licai Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology (SKLST), Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing for Optical Systems (CAS), Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (P.S.); (M.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Jinguang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing for Optical Systems (CAS), Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (P.S.); (M.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing for Optical Systems (CAS), Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (P.S.); (M.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Jingqiu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing for Optical Systems (CAS), Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (P.S.); (M.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Manufacturing for Optical Systems (CAS), Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (P.S.); (M.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.L.); (J.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
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Wang F, Wu J, Cheng Y, Fu L, Zhang J, Wang Q. Simultaneous detection of greenhouse gases CH 4 and CO 2 based on a dual differential photoacoustic spectroscopy system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:33898-33913. [PMID: 37859159 DOI: 10.1364/oe.503454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the atmospheric measurement, detection of dissolved carbon oxides and hydrocarbons in a water region is also an important aspect of greenhouse gas monitoring, such as CH4 and CO2. The first step of measuring dissolved gases is the separation process of water and gases. However, slow degassing efficiency is a big challenge which requires the gas detection technology itself with low gas consumption. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a good choice with advantages of high sensitivity, low gas consumption, and zero background, which has been rapidly developed in recent years and is expected to be applied in the field of dissolved gas detection. In this study, a miniaturized differential photoacoustic cell with a volume of 7.9 mL is designed for CH4 and CO2 detection, and a dual differential method with four microphones is proposed to enhance the photoacoustic signal. What we believe to be a new method increases photoacoustic signal by 4 times and improves the signal to noise ratio (SNR) over 10 times compared with the conventional single-microphone mode. Two distributed feedback (DFB) lasers at 1651 nm and 2004nm are employed to construct the PAS system for CH4 and CO2 detection respectively. Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) and 2nd harmonic demodulation techniques are applied to further improve the SNR. As a result, sensitivity of 0.44 ppm and 7.39 ppm for CH4 and CO2 are achieved respectively with an integration time of 10 s. Allan deviation analysis indicates that the sensitivity can be further improved to 42 ppb (NNEA=4.7×10-10cm-1WHz-1/2) for CH4 and 0.86 ppm (NNEA=5.3×10-10cm-1WHz-1/2) for CO2 when the integration time is extended to 1000 s.
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Lee J, Oh MK. Real-time ultrasensitive detection of ammonia gas using a compact CRDS spectrometer. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:1357-1363. [PMID: 36821239 DOI: 10.1364/ao.477575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Trace-level ammonia gas in air was analyzed using a fiber-based compact cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS). For the compact spectrometer, a 20 cm linear cavity with two high reflectivity (>99.999%) mirrors was employed. The laser frequency was locked to the cavity resonance by using frequency shifted (160 MHz) optical feedback. For N H 3 detection, a strong absorption band at 1513.98 nm with an absorption cross section of 3.3⋅10-21 c m/m o l e c u l e was used. As a result, a detection sensitivity of ∼0.1p p b (3-σ) was achieved for N H 3 within 10 s.
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Li J. Micro-/Nano-Fiber Sensors and Optical Integration Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:7673. [PMID: 36236772 PMCID: PMC9571094 DOI: 10.3390/s22197673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Because of their strong surface evanescent field, micro-/nanofibers have been used to develop optical sensors and modulation devices with a high performance and integration [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China;
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
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