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Wang M, Wang L, Hou A, Hong M, Li C, Yue Q. Portable sensing methods based on carbon dots for food analysis. J Food Sci 2024. [PMID: 38865253 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Food analysis is significantly important in monitoring food quality and safety for human health. Traditional methods for food detection mainly rely on benchtop instruments and require a certain amount of analysis time, which promotes the development of portable sensors. Portable sensing methods own many advantages over traditional techniques such as flexibility and accessibility in diverse environments, real-time monitoring, cost-effectiveness, and rapid deployment. This review focuses on the portable approaches based on carbon dots (CDs) for food analysis. CDs are zero-dimensional carbon-based material with a size of less than 10 nm. In the manner of sensing, CDs exhibit rich functional groups, low biotoxicity, good biocompatibility, and excellent optical properties. Furthermore, there are many methods for the synthesis of CDs using various precursor materials. The incorporation of CDs into food science and engineering for enhancing food safety control and risk assessment shows promising prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Aiying Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Min Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaoli Yue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Baghapour S, Nehema J, Zhang WQ, Warren-Smith SC, Hickey SM, Plush SE, Afshar Vahid S. Surface Functionalised Optical Fibre for Detection of Hydrogen Sulphide. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:949. [PMID: 37998124 PMCID: PMC10669384 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated production of hydrogen sulphide in the human body has been associated with various diseases including cancer, underlining the importance of accurate detection of this molecule. Here, we report the detection of hydrogen sulphide using fluorescence-emission enhancement of two 1,8-naphthalimide fluorescent probes with an azide moiety in position 4. One probe, serving as a control, featured a methoxyethyl moiety through the imide to evaluate its effectiveness for hydrogen sulphide detection, while the other probe was modified with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to enable direct covalent attachment to an optical fibre tip. We coated the optical fibre tip relatively homogeneously with the APTES-azide fluorophore, as confirmed via x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The absorption and fluorescence responses of the control fluorophore free in PBS were analysed using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectrophotometry, while the fluorescence emission of the APTES-azide fluorophore-coated optical fibres was examined using a simple, low-cost optical fibre-based setup. Both fluorescent probes exhibited a significant increase (more than double the initial value) in fluorescence emission upon the addition of HS- when excited with 405 nm. However, the fluorescence enhancement of the coated optical fibres demonstrated a much faster response time of 2 min (time for the fluorescence intensity to reach 90% of its maximum value) compared to the control fluorophore in solution (30 min). Additionally, the temporal evolution of fluorescence intensity of the fluorophore coated on the optical fibre was studied at two pH values (7.4 and 6.4), demonstrating a reasonable overlap and confirming the compound pH insensitivity within this range. The promising results from this study indicate the potential for developing an optical fibre-based sensing system for HS- detection using the synthesised fluorophore, which could have significant applications in health monitoring and disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Baghapour
- Laser Physics and Photonic Devices Laboratory, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Jasmine Nehema
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Wen Qi Zhang
- Laser Physics and Photonic Devices Laboratory, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Stephen C Warren-Smith
- Laser Physics and Photonic Devices Laboratory, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Shane M Hickey
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Sally E Plush
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Shahraam Afshar Vahid
- Laser Physics and Photonic Devices Laboratory, UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia
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Wang S, Pi H, Feng Y, Yan J. Optical mode localization sensing based on fiber-coupled ring resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:21834-21844. [PMID: 37381271 DOI: 10.1364/oe.492524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Mode localization is widely used in coupled micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) resonators for ultra-sensitive sensing. Here, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, we experimentally demonstrate the phenomenon of optical mode localization in fiber-coupled ring resonators. For an optical system, resonant mode splitting happens when multiple resonators are coupled. Localized external perturbation applied to the system will cause uneven energy distributions of the split modes to the coupled rings, this phenomenon is called the optical mode localization. In this paper, two fiber-ring resonators are coupled. The perturbation is generated by two thermoelectric heaters. We define the normalized amplitude difference between the two split modes as: (T M1-T M2)/T M1×100%. It is found that this value can be varied from 2.5% to 22.5% when the temperature are changed by the value from 0K to 8.5K. This brings a ∼ 2.4%/K variation rate, which is three orders of magnitude greater than the variation rate of the frequency over temperature changes of the resonator due to thermal perturbation. The measured data reach good agreement with theoretical results, which demonstrates the feasibility of optical mode localization as a new sensing mechanism for ultra-sensitive fiber temperature sensing.
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McGovern FR, Hernik A, Grogan C, Amarandei G, Naydenova I. The Development of Optomechanical Sensors-Integrating Diffractive Optical Structures for Enhanced Sensitivity. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5711. [PMID: 37420875 DOI: 10.3390/s23125711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
The term optomechanical sensors describes devices based on coupling the optical and mechanical sensing principles. The presence of a target analyte leads to a mechanical change, which, in turn, determines an alteration in the light propagation. Having higher sensitivity in comparison with the individual technologies upon which they are based, the optomechanical devices are used in biosensing, humidity, temperature, and gases detection. This perspective focuses on a particular class, namely on devices based on diffractive optical structures (DOS). Many configurations have been developed, including cantilever- and MEMS-type devices, fiber Bragg grating sensors, and cavity optomechanical sensing devices. These state-of-the-art sensors operate on the principle of a mechanical transducer coupled with a diffractive element resulting in a variation in the intensity or wavelength of the diffracted light in the presence of the target analyte. Therefore, as DOS can further enhance the sensitivity and selectivity, we present the individual mechanical and optical transducing methods and demonstrate how the DOS introduction can lead to an enhanced sensitivity and selectivity. Their (low-) cost manufacturing and their integration in new sensing platforms with great adaptability across many sensing areas are discussed, being foreseen that their implementation on wider application areas will further increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faolan Radford McGovern
- School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Industrial & Engineering Optics, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aleksandra Hernik
- School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Industrial & Engineering Optics, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Grogan
- School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
- The Group of Applied Physics, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
| | - George Amarandei
- School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
- The Group of Applied Physics, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Izabela Naydenova
- School of Physics, Clinical & Optometric Sciences, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Industrial & Engineering Optics, Technological University Dublin, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland
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Lee S, Kim M, Ahn BJ, Jang Y. Odorant-responsive biological receptors and electronic noses for volatile organic compounds with aldehyde for human health and diseases: A perspective review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131555. [PMID: 37156042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are gaseous chemicals found in ambient air and exhaled breath. In particular, highly reactive aldehydes are frequently found in polluted air and have been linked to various diseases. Thus, extensive studies have been carried out to elucidate disease-specific aldehydes released from the body to develop potential biomarkers for diagnostic purposes. Mammals possess innate sensory systems, such as receptors and ion channels, to detect these VOCs and maintain physiological homeostasis. Recently, electronic biosensors such as the electronic nose have been developed for disease diagnosis. This review aims to present an overview of natural sensory receptors that can detect reactive aldehydes, as well as electronic noses that have the potential to diagnose certain diseases. In this regard, this review focuses on eight aldehydes that are well-defined as biomarkers in human health and disease. It offers insights into the biological aspects and technological advances in detecting aldehyde-containing VOCs. Therefore, this review will aid in understanding the role of aldehyde-containing VOCs in human health and disease and the technological advances for improved diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solpa Lee
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, South Korea
| | - Minwoo Kim
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, South Korea
| | - Bum Ju Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, South Korea
| | - Yongwoo Jang
- Department of Medical and Digital Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, South Korea; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04736, South Korea.
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Wang N, Zhao C, Long G, Xia B, Wan L, Niu K, Hou J, Wang J, Lei L, Wang Z. Polyacrylic Acid/Polyaniline-Coated Multimode Interferometer for Ammonia Detection. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1478. [PMID: 36837107 PMCID: PMC9967199 DOI: 10.3390/ma16041478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A coaxial optical fiber interferometer (COFI) is proposed here for ammonia sensing, which comprises two light-carrying single-mode fibers (SMF) fused to a section of no-core fiber (NCF), thus forming an optical interferometer. The outer surface of the COFI is coated with a layer of polyacrylic acid (PAA)/polyaniline (PAni) film. The refractive index (RI) of the sensitive layer varies when PAA/PAni interacts with ammonia, which leads to the resonance wavelength shift. The surface morphology and structure of the PAA/PAni composites were characterized by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. When the sensor was exposed to an ammonia atmosphere of different concentrations at room temperature, the sensing performance of the PAA/PAni composite film was superior to that of a sensitive film formed by single-component PAA or PAni. According to the experimental results, the composite film formed by 5 wt% PAA mixed with 2 wt% PAni shows better performance when used for ammonia sensing. A maximum sensitivity of 9.8 pm/ppm was obtained under the ammonia concentration of 50 ppm. In addition, the sensor shows good performance in response time (100 s) and recovery time (180 s) and has good stability and selectivity. The proposed optical fiber ammonia sensor is adapted to monitor leakage in its production, storage, transportation, and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Long
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Binyun Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Wan
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kunpeng Niu
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Hou
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Fiber Optic Sensing Technology and Networks, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Zhongshan Institute of Modern Industrial Technology of SCUT, Zhongshan 528437, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Wuhan Bureau of Naval Equipment Department, Wuhan 430070, China
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