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Malanina A, Kuzin Y, Khadieva A, Shibaeva K, Padnya P, Stoikov I, Evtugyn G. Voltammetric Sensor for Doxorubicin Determination Based on Self-Assembled DNA-Polyphenothiazine Composite. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2369. [PMID: 37630955 PMCID: PMC10459114 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
A novel voltammetric sensor based on a self-assembled composite formed by native DNA and electropolymerized N-phenyl-3-(phenylimino)-3H-phenothiazin-7-amine has been developed and applied for sensitive determination of doxorubicin, an anthracycline drug applied for cancer therapy. For this purpose, a monomeric phenothiazine derivative has been deposited on the glassy carbon electrode from the 0.4 M H2SO4-acetone mixture (1:1 v/v) by multiple potential cycling. The DNA aliquot was either on the electrode modified with electropolymerized film or added to the reaction medium prior to electropolymerization. The DNA entrapment and its influence on the redox behavior of the underlying layer were studied by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The DNA-doxorubicin interactions affected the charge distribution in the surface layer and, hence, altered the redox equilibrium of the polyphenothiazine coating. The voltametric signal was successfully applied for the determination of doxorubicin in the concentration range from 10 pM to 0.2 mM (limit of detection 5 pM). The DNA sensor was tested on spiked artificial plasma samples and two commercial medications (recovery of 90-95%). After further testing on real clinical samples, the electrochemical DNA sensor developed can find application in monitoring drug release and screening new antitumor drugs able to intercalate DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Malanina
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Yurii Kuzin
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Alena Khadieva
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Kseniya Shibaeva
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Pavel Padnya
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Gennady Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, Kazan 420008, Russia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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Kulikova T, Shamagsumova R, Rogov A, Stoikov I, Padnya P, Shiabiev I, Evtugyn G. Electrochemical DNA-Sensor Based on Macrocyclic Dendrimers with Terminal Amino Groups and Carbon Nanomaterials. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4761. [PMID: 37430675 DOI: 10.3390/s23104761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The assembling of thiacalix[4]arene-based dendrimers in cone, partial cone, and 1,3-alternate configuration on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode coated with carbon black or multiwalled carbon nanotubes has been characterized using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Native and damaged DNA were electrostatically accumulated on the modifier layer. The influence of the charge of the redox indicator and of the macrocycle/DNA ratio was quantified and the roles of the electrostatic interactions and of the diffusional transfer of the redox indicator to the electrode interface indicator access were established. The developed DNA sensors were tested on discrimination of native, thermally denatured, and chemically damaged DNA and on the determination of doxorubicin as the model intercalator. The limit of detection of doxorubicin established for the biosensor based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes was equal to 1.0 pM with recovery from spiked human serum of 105-120%. After further optimization of the assembling directed towards the stabilization of the signal, the developed DNA sensors can find application in the preliminary screening of antitumor drugs and thermal damage of DNA. They can also be applied for testing potential drug/DNA nanocontainers as future delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Kulikova
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Rezeda Shamagsumova
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexey Rogov
- Interdisciplinary Center of Analytical Microscopy, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Pavel Padnya
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor Shiabiev
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Gennady Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
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Kulikova T, Shiabiev I, Padnya P, Rogov A, Evtugyn G, Stoikov I, Porfireva A. Impedimetric DNA Sensor Based on Electropolymerized N-Phenylaminophenothiazine and Thiacalix[4]arene Tetraacids for Doxorubicin Determination. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050513. [PMID: 37232875 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical DNA sensors are highly demanded for fast and reliable determination of antitumor drugs and chemotherapy monitoring. In this work, an impedimetric DNA sensor has been developed on the base of a phenylamino derivative of phenothiazine (PhTz). A glassy carbon electrode was covered with electrodeposited product of PhTz oxidation obtained through multiple scans of the potential. The addition of thiacalix[4]arene derivatives bearing four terminal carboxylic groups in the substituents of the lower rim improved the conditions of electropolymerization and affected the performance of the electrochemical sensor depending on the configuration of the macrocyclic core and molar ratio with PhTz molecules in the reaction medium. Following that, the deposition of DNA by physical adsorption was confirmed by atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The redox properties of the surface layer obtained changed the electron transfer resistance in the presence of doxorubicin due to its intercalating DNA helix and influencing charge distribution on the electrode interface. This made it possible to determine 3 pM-1 nM doxorubicin in 20 min incubation (limit of detection 1.0 pM). The DNA sensor developed was tested on a bovine serum protein solution, Ringer-Locke's solution mimicking plasma electrolytes and commercial medication (doxorubicin-LANS) and showed a satisfactory recovery rate of 90-105%. The sensor could find applications in pharmacy and medical diagnostics for the assessment of drugs able to specifically bind to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Kulikova
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor Shiabiev
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Pavel Padnya
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alexey Rogov
- Interdisciplinary Center of Analytical Microscopy of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Gennady Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemical Technology Institute, Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anna Porfireva
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Evtugyn GA, Porfireva AV, Belyakova SV. Electrochemical DNA sensors for drug determination. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115058. [PMID: 36179503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this review, recent achievements in the development of the DNA biosensors developed for the drug determination have been presented with particular emphasis to the main principles of their assembling and signal measurement approaches. The design of the DNA sensors is considered with characterization of auxiliary components and their necessity for the biosensor operation. Carbon nanomaterials, metals and their complexes as well as electropolymerized polymers are briefly described in the assembly of DNA sensors. The performance of the DNA sensors is summarized within 2017-2022 for various drugs and factors influencing the sensitivity and selectivity of the response are discussed. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of the signal generation and possible drawbacks in the analysis of real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Evtugyn
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation; Analytical Chemistry Department of Chemical Technology Institute of Ural Federal University, 19 Mira Street, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russian Federation.
| | - A V Porfireva
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - S V Belyakova
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute of Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlevskaya Street, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
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Ferreira LMC, Silva PS, Augusto KKL, Gomes-Júnior PC, Farra SOD, Silva TA, Fatibello-Filho O, Vicentini FC. Using nanostructured carbon black-based electrochemical (bio)sensors for pharmaceutical and biomedical analyses: A comprehensive review. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 221:115032. [PMID: 36152488 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding electronic properties of carbon black (CB) and its economic advantages have fueled its application as nanostructured electrode material for the development of new electrochemical sensors and biosensors. CB-based electrochemical sensing devices have been found to exhibit high surface area, fast charge transfer kinetics, and excellent functionalization. In the present work, we set forth a comprehensive review of the recent advances made in the development and application of CB-based electrochemical devices for pharmaceutical and biomedical analyses - from quantitative monitoring of drug formulations to clinical diagnoses - and the underlying challenges and constraints that need to be overcome. We also present a thorough discussion about the strategies and techniques employed in the development of new electrochemical sensing platforms and in the enhancement of their analytical properties and biocompatibility for anchoring active biomolecules, as well as the combination of these sensing devices with other materials aiming at boosting the performance and efficiency of the sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís M C Ferreira
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000 Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Karen K L Augusto
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Gomes-Júnior
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sinara O D Farra
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000 Buri, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago A Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Orlando Fatibello-Filho
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando C Vicentini
- Center of Nature Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Lauri Simões de Barros km 12, 18290-000 Buri, SP, Brazil.
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Melnikov AG, Bykov DA, Varezhnikov AS, Sysoev VV, Melnikov GV. Toward a Selective Analysis of Heavy Metal Salts in Aqueous Media with a Fluorescent Probe Array. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041465. [PMID: 35214366 PMCID: PMC8878195 DOI: 10.3390/s22041465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Detection of heavy meals in aqueous media challenges worldwide research in developing particularly fast and affordable methods. Fluorescent sensors look to be an appropriate instrument for such a task, as recently they have been found to have made large progress in the detection of chemical analytes, primarily in the environment, along with biological fluids, which still suffer from not enough selectivity. In this work, we propose a new fluorescent method to selectively recognize heavy metals in an aqueous solution via employing an array of several fluorescent probes: acridine yellow, eosin, and methylene blue, which were taken as examples, being sensitive to a microsurrounding of the probe molecules. The exemplary sensor array generated six channels of spectral information through the use of various combinations of excitation and detection wavelengths. Following the known multisensor approach, we applied a linear discriminant analysis to selectively distinguish the vector signals from the sensor array from salts of heavy metals-Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Cz-at the concentration ranges of 2.41 × 10-6-1.07 × 10-5 M, 2.8 × 10-5-5.87 × 10-4 M, 1.46 × 10-6-6.46 × 10-6 M, 1.17 × 10-8-5.2 × 10-8 M, and 2.11 × 10-6-9.33 × 10-6 M, respectively. The suggested approach was found to be promising due to it employing only one cuvette containing the test solution, simplifying a sample preparation when compared to preparing a variety of solutions in tests with single fluorescence probes.
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