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Iannone A, Giansanti D. Breaking Barriers-The Intersection of AI and Assistive Technology in Autism Care: A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2023; 14:41. [PMID: 38248742 PMCID: PMC10817661 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
(Background) Autism increasingly requires a multidisciplinary approach that can effectively harmonize the realms of diagnosis and therapy, tailoring both to the individual. Assistive technologies (ATs) play an important role in this context and hold significant potential when integrated with artificial intelligence (AI). (Objective) The objective of this study is to analyze the state of integration of AI with ATs in autism through a review. (Methods) A review was conducted on PubMed and Scopus, applying a standard checklist and a qualification process. The outcome reported 22 studies, including 7 reviews. (Key Content and Findings) The results reveal an early yet promising interest in integrating AI into autism assistive technologies. Exciting developments are currently underway at the intersection of AI and robotics, as well as in the creation of wearable automated devices like smart glasses. These innovations offer substantial potential for enhancing communication, interaction, and social engagement for individuals with autism. Presently, researchers are prioritizing innovation over establishing a solid presence within the healthcare domain, where issues such as regulation and acceptance demand increased attention. (Conclusions) As the field continues to evolve, it becomes increasingly clear that AI will play a pivotal role in bridging various domains, and integrated ATs with AI are positioned to act as crucial connectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Iannone
- CREA, Italian National Research Body, Via Ardeatina, 546, 00178 Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Giansanti
- Centro Nazionale TISP, Istituto Superiore di Sanità; Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
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Sinha A, Aljrees T, Pandey SK, Kumar A, Banerjee P, Kumar B, Singh KU, Singh T, Jha P. Semi-Supervised Clustering-Based DANA Algorithm for Data Gathering and Disease Detection in Healthcare Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:18. [PMID: 38202880 PMCID: PMC10781182 DOI: 10.3390/s24010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have emerged as a promising technology in healthcare, enabling continuous patient monitoring and early disease detection. This study introduces an innovative approach to WSN data collection tailored for disease detection through signal processing in healthcare scenarios. The proposed strategy leverages the DANA (data aggregation using neighborhood analysis) algorithm and a semi-supervised clustering-based model to enhance the precision and effectiveness of data collection in healthcare WSNs. The DANA algorithm optimizes energy consumption and prolongs sensor node lifetimes by dynamically adjusting communication routes based on the network's real-time conditions. Additionally, the semi-supervised clustering model utilizes both labeled and unlabeled data to create a more robust and adaptable clustering technique. Through extensive simulations and practical deployments, our experimental assessments demonstrate the remarkable efficacy of the proposed method and model. We conducted a comparative analysis of data collection efficiency, energy utilization, and disease detection accuracy against conventional techniques, revealing significant improvements in data quality, energy efficiency, and rapid disease diagnosis. This combined approach of the DANA algorithm and the semi-supervised clustering-based model offers healthcare WSNs a compelling solution to enhance responsiveness and reliability in disease diagnosis through signal processing. This research contributes to the advancement of healthcare monitoring systems by offering a promising avenue for early diagnosis and improved patient care, ultimately transforming the landscape of healthcare through enhanced signal processing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Sinha
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, IIndira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi 110068, India;
| | - Turki Aljrees
- Department College of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafar Al-Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saroj Kumar Pandey
- Department of Computer Engineering & Applications, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India;
| | - Ankit Kumar
- Department of Information Technology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495001, India
| | - Pallab Banerjee
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi 834001, India; (P.B.); (B.K.); (P.J.)
| | - Biresh Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi 834001, India; (P.B.); (B.K.); (P.J.)
| | - Kamred Udham Singh
- School of Computing, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248002, India;
| | - Teekam Singh
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to Be University, Dehradun 248002, India;
| | - Pooja Jha
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi 834001, India; (P.B.); (B.K.); (P.J.)
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Căilean AM, Avătămăniței SA, Beguni C, Zadobrischi E, Dimian M, Popa V. Visible Light Communications-Based Assistance System for the Blind and Visually Impaired: Design, Implementation, and Intensive Experimental Evaluation in a Real-Life Situation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9406. [PMID: 38067777 PMCID: PMC10708642 DOI: 10.3390/s23239406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Severe visual impairment and blindness significantly affect a person's quality of life, leading sometimes to social anxiety. Nevertheless, instead of concentrating on a person's inability, we could focus on their capacities and on their other senses, which in many cases are more developed. On the other hand, the technical evolution that we are witnessing is able to provide practical means that can reduce the effects that blindness and severe visual impairment have on a person's life. In this context, this article proposes a novel wearable solution that has the potential to significantly improve blind person's quality of life by providing personal assistance with the help of Visible Light Communications (VLC) technology. To prevent the wearable device from drawing attention and to not further emphasize the user's deficiency, the prototype has been integrated into a smart backpack that has multiple functions, from localization to obstacle detection. To demonstrate the viability of the concept, the prototype has been evaluated in a complex scenario where it is used to receive the location of a certain object and to safely travel towards it. The experimental results have: i. confirmed the prototype's ability to receive data at a Bit-Error Rate (BER) lower than 10-7; ii. established the prototype's ability to provide support for a 3 m radius around a standard 65 × 65 cm luminaire; iii. demonstrated the concept's compatibility with light dimming in the 1-99% interval while maintaining the low BER; and, most importantly, iv. proved that the use of the concept can enable a person to obtain information and guidance, enabling safer and faster way of traveling to a certain unknown location. As far as we know, this work is the first one to report the implementation and the experimental evaluation of such a concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin-Mihai Căilean
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (S.-A.A.); (C.B.); (E.Z.); (M.D.); (V.P.)
- Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Sebastian-Andrei Avătămăniței
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (S.-A.A.); (C.B.); (E.Z.); (M.D.); (V.P.)
- Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Cătălin Beguni
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (S.-A.A.); (C.B.); (E.Z.); (M.D.); (V.P.)
- Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Eduard Zadobrischi
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (S.-A.A.); (C.B.); (E.Z.); (M.D.); (V.P.)
- Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai Dimian
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (S.-A.A.); (C.B.); (E.Z.); (M.D.); (V.P.)
- Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Valentin Popa
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (S.-A.A.); (C.B.); (E.Z.); (M.D.); (V.P.)
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Kasowski J, Johnson BA, Neydavood R, Akkaraju A, Beyeler M. A systematic review of extended reality (XR) for understanding and augmenting vision loss. J Vis 2023; 23:5. [PMID: 37140911 PMCID: PMC10166121 DOI: 10.1167/jov.23.5.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, extended reality (XR) has emerged as an assistive technology not only to augment residual vision of people losing their sight but also to study the rudimentary vision restored to blind people by a visual neuroprosthesis. A defining quality of these XR technologies is their ability to update the stimulus based on the user's eye, head, or body movements. To make the best use of these emerging technologies, it is valuable and timely to understand the state of this research and identify any shortcomings that are present. Here we present a systematic literature review of 227 publications from 106 different venues assessing the potential of XR technology to further visual accessibility. In contrast to other reviews, we sample studies from multiple scientific disciplines, focus on technology that augments a person's residual vision, and require studies to feature a quantitative evaluation with appropriate end users. We summarize prominent findings from different XR research areas, show how the landscape has changed over the past decade, and identify scientific gaps in the literature. Specifically, we highlight the need for real-world validation, the broadening of end-user participation, and a more nuanced understanding of the usability of different XR-based accessibility aids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Kasowski
- Graduate Program in Dynamical Neuroscience, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Byron A Johnson
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Neydavood
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Anvitha Akkaraju
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Michael Beyeler
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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