A Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Sonogel-Carbon Material Enriched with Gold Nanoparticles for Melatonin Determination

Development of an impedimetric sensor for susceptible detection of melatonin at picomolar concentrations in diverse pharmaceutical and human specimens

Our investigation aimed to create and manufacture an electrochemical impedance sensor with the purpose of improving the detection efficiency of melatonin (ME). To achieve this objective, we employed gold nanoparticles coated on polydopamine formed in glassy carbon electrodes (AuNPs/PDA/GCE) as a means to enhance the sensor's capabilities. A novel approach employing the signal-off strategy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was utilized to determine ME. When the AuNPs/PDA/GCE electrode was immersed in a buffered solution containing ME, and the oxidation current of AuNPs was recorded, it was observed that the oxidation current of AuNPs decreased upon the introduction of ME molecules. The decrease in electrical current can be ascribed to the inhibitory impact of ME molecule adsorption on the electrode surface with applying -0.2 V for 150 s in acetate buffer solution (ABS) (pH, 5) through various mechanisms, which hinders the electron transfer process crucial for AuNPs oxidation. Consequently, by utilizing EIS, various concentrations of ME were quantified spanning from 1 to 18 pM. Moreover, the ME sensor achieved an impressive detection limit of 0.32 pM, indicating its remarkable sensitivity in detecting low concentrations of ME. Importantly, these novel sensors demonstrated exceptional attributes in terms of sensitivity, specificity, stability, and repeatability. The outstanding performance of these sensors, coupled with their desirable attributes, establishes their considerable potential for a wide range of practical applications. These applications encompass various fields such as clinical diagnostics, pharmaceutical analysis, environmental monitoring, and industrial quality control, where accurate and sensitive detection of ME is of utmost importance.

Forecasting the Post-Pandemic Effects of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Using the Bullwhip Phenomenon Alongside Use of Nanosensors for Disease Containment and Cure

The COVID-19 pandemic has the tendency to affect various organizational paradigm alterations, which civilization hasyet to fully comprehend. Personal to professional, individual to corporate, and across most industries, the spectrum of transformations is vast. Economically, the globe has never been more intertwined, and it has never been subjected to such widespread disruption. While many people have felt and acknowledged the pandemic’s short-term repercussions, the resultant paradigm alterations will certainly have long-term consequences with an unknown range and severity. This review paper aims at acknowledging various approaches for the prevention, detection, and diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 virus using nanomaterials as a base material. A nanostructure is a material classification based on dimensionality, in proportion to the characteristic diameter and surface area. Nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanowires (NW), carbon nanotubes (CNT), thin films, and nanocomposites are some examples of various dimensions, each acting as a single unit, in terms of transport capacities. Top-down and bottom-up techniques are used to fabricate nanomaterials. The large surface-to-volume ratio of nanomaterials allows one to create extremely sensitive charge or field sensors (electrical sensors, chemical sensors, explosives detection, optical sensors, and gas sensing applications). Nanowires have potential applications in information and communication technologies, low-energy lightning, and medical sensors. Carbon nanotubes have the best environmental stability, electrical characteristics, and surface-to-volume ratio of any nanomaterial, making them ideal for bio-sensing applications. Traditional commercially available techniques have focused on clinical manifestations, as well as molecular and serological detection equipment that can identify the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Scientists are expressing a lot of interest in developing a portable and easy-to-use COVID-19 detection tool. Several unique methodologies and approaches are being investigated as feasible advanced systems capable of meeting the demands. This review article attempts to emphasize the pandemic’s aftereffects, utilising the notion of the bullwhip phenomenon’s short-term and long-term effects, and it specifies the use of nanomaterials and nanosensors for detection, prevention, diagnosis, and therapy in connection to the SARS-CoV-2.