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Belessi V, Koutsioukis A, Giasafaki D, Philippakopoulou T, Panagiotopoulou V, Mitzithra C, Kripotou S, Manolis G, Steriotis T, Charalambopoulou G, Georgakilas V. One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalised rGO/AgNPs Hybrids as Pigments for Highly Conductive Printing Inks. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:859. [PMID: 38786815 PMCID: PMC11123983 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This work provides a method for the development of conductive water-based printing inks for gravure, flexography and screen-printing incorporating commercial resins that are already used in the printing industry. The development of the respective conductive materials/pigments is based on the simultaneous (in one step) reduction of silver salts and graphene oxide in the presence of 2,5-diaminobenzenesulfonic acid that is used for the first time as the common in-situ reducing agent for these two reactions. The presence of aminophenylsulfonic derivatives is essential for the reduction procedure and in parallel leads to the enrichment of the graphene surface with aminophenylsulfonic groups that provide a high hydrophilicity to the final materials/pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Belessi
- Department of Graphic Design and Visual Communication, Graphic Arts Technology Study Direction, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece;
- Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Materials, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12244 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Dimitra Giasafaki
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (C.M.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Theodora Philippakopoulou
- Department of Graphic Design and Visual Communication, Graphic Arts Technology Study Direction, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12243 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Christina Mitzithra
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (C.M.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Sotiria Kripotou
- Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Materials, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, Egaleo, 12244 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgios Manolis
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (C.M.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Theodore Steriotis
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (C.M.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Georgia Charalambopoulou
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi, 15341 Athens, Greece; (D.G.); (C.M.); (G.M.); (G.C.)
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Li X, Cui T, Li X, Liu H, Li D, Jian J, Li Z, Yang Y, Ren T. Wearable Temperature Sensors Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide Films. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5952. [PMID: 37687645 PMCID: PMC10488796 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
With the development of medical technology and increasing demands of healthcare monitoring, wearable temperature sensors have gained widespread attention because of their portability, flexibility, and capability of conducting real-time and continuous signal detection. To achieve excellent thermal sensitivity, high linearity, and a fast response time, the materials of sensors should be chosen carefully. Thus, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has become one of the most popular materials for temperature sensors due to its exceptional thermal conductivity and sensitive resistance changes in response to different temperatures. Moreover, by using the corresponding preparation methods, rGO can be easily combined with various substrates, which has led to it being extensively applied in the wearable field. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art advances in wearable temperature sensors based on rGO films and summarizes their sensing mechanisms, structure designs, functional material additions, manufacturing processes, and performances. Finally, the possible challenges and prospects of rGO-based wearable temperature sensors are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Li
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (D.L.); (J.J.); (Z.L.)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Tianrui Cui
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (D.L.); (J.J.); (Z.L.)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Xin Li
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (D.L.); (J.J.); (Z.L.)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Houfang Liu
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Ding Li
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (D.L.); (J.J.); (Z.L.)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Jinming Jian
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (D.L.); (J.J.); (Z.L.)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (D.L.); (J.J.); (Z.L.)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (D.L.); (J.J.); (Z.L.)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
| | - Tianling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (X.L.); (T.C.); (X.L.); (D.L.); (J.J.); (Z.L.)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
- Center for Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Wu L, Feng X, Cao K, Li G. Toughening Thermoelectric Materials: From Mechanisms to Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076325. [PMID: 37047298 PMCID: PMC10093950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the tendency of thermoelectric semiconductor devices towards miniaturization, integration, and flexibility, there is an urgent need to develop high-performance thermoelectric materials. Compared with the continuously enhanced thermoelectric properties of thermoelectric materials, the understanding of toughening mechanisms lags behind. Recent advances in thermoelectric materials with novel crystal structures show intrinsic ductility. In addition, some promising toughening strategies provide new opportunities for further improving the mechanical strength and ductility of thermoelectric materials. The synergistic mechanisms between microstructure-mechanical performances are expected to show a large set of potential applications in flexible thermoelectric devices. This review explores enlightening research into recent intrinsically ductile thermoelectric materials and promising toughening strategies of thermoelectric materials to elucidate their applications in the field of flexible thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoqi Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaobin Feng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (G.L.)
| | - Ke Cao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China;
| | - Guodong Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Theory and Application of Advanced Materials Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (X.F.); (G.L.)
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Apostolakis A, Barmpakos D, Pilatis A, Belessi V, Pagonis DN, Jaber F, Aidinis K, Kaltsas G. Study of Single and Multipass f-rGO Inkjet-Printed Structures with Various Concentrations: Electrical and Thermal Evaluation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2058. [PMID: 36850655 PMCID: PMC9959197 DOI: 10.3390/s23042058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is a derivative of graphene, which has been widely used as the conductive pigment of many water-based inks and is recognized as one of the most promising graphene-based materials for large-scale and low-cost production processes. In this work, we evaluate a custom functionalised reduced graphene oxide ink (f-rGO) via inkjet-printing technology. Test line structures were designed and fabricated by the inkjet printing process using the f-rGO ink on a pretreated polyimide substrate. For the electrical characterisation of these devices, two-point (2P) and four-point (4P) probe measurements were implemented. The results showed a major effect of the number of printed passes on the resulting resistance for all ink concentrations in both 2P and 4P cases. Interesting results can be extracted by comparing the obtained multipass resistance values that results to similar effective concentration with less passes. These measurements can provide the ground to grasp the variation in resistance values due to the different ink concentrations, and printing passes and can provide a useful guide in achieving specific resistance values with adequate precision. Accompanying topography measurements have been conducted with white-light interferometry. Furthermore, thermal characterisation was carried out to evaluate the operation of the devices as temperature sensors and heaters. It has been found that ink concentration and printing passes directly influence the performance of both the temperature sensors and heaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Apostolakis
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Barmpakos
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece
| | - Aggelos Pilatis
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece
- Department of Naval Architecture, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Belessi
- Department of Graphic Design and Visual Communication, Graphic Arts Technology Study Direction, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Fadi Jaber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Konstantinos Aidinis
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Grigoris Kaltsas
- microSENSES Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece
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Giasafaki D, Mitzithra C, Belessi V, Filippakopoulou T, Koutsioukis A, Georgakilas V, Charalambopoulou G, Steriotis T. Graphene-Based Composites with Silver Nanowires for Electronic Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193443. [PMID: 36234570 PMCID: PMC9565487 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphene/metal nanocomposites have shown a strong potential for use in electronic applications. In particular, the combination of silver nanowires (AgNWs) with graphene derivatives leads to the formation of an efficient conductive network, thus improving the electrical properties of a composite. This work focused on developing highly conductive hydrophilic hybrids of simultaneously functionalized and reduced graphene oxide (f-rGO) and AgNWs in different weight ratios by following two different synthetic routes: (a) the physical mixture of f-rGO and AgNWs, and (b) the in situ reduction of GO in the presence of AgNWs. In addition, the role of AgNWs in improving the electrical properties of graphene derivatives was further examined by mixing AgNWs with a hybrid of few-layered graphene with functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (FLG/MWNT-f-OH). The studied materials showed a remarkable improvement in the overall electrical conductivity due to the synergistic effect of their components, which was proportional to the percentage of Ag and dependent on the procedure of the hybrid formation. One of the f-rGO/AgNWs composites was also selected for the preparation of gravure printing inks that were tested to determine their rheological and printing properties. All of the f-rGO/AgNWs composites were shown to be very promising materials for use as conductive inks for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Giasafaki
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Christina Mitzithra
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Belessi
- Department of Graphic Design and Visual Communication, Graphic Arts Technology Study Direction, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
- Laboratory of Electronic Devices and Materials, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Egaleo, Greece
| | - Theodora Filippakopoulou
- Department of Graphic Design and Visual Communication, Graphic Arts Technology Study Direction, University of West Attica, 12243 Egaleo, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Theodore Steriotis
- National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
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Design and Thermal Analysis of Flexible Microheaters. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13071037. [PMID: 35888852 PMCID: PMC9319418 DOI: 10.3390/mi13071037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
With the development of flexible electronics, flexible microheaters have been applied in many areas. Low power consumption and fast response microheaters have attracted much attention. In this work, systematic thermal and mechanical analyses were conducted for a kind of flexible microheater with two different wire structures. The microheater consisted of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate and copper electric wire with graphene thin film as the middle layer. The steady-state average temperature and heating efficiency for the two structures were compared and it was shown that the S-shaped wire structure was better for voltage-controlled microheater other than circular-shaped structure. In addition, the maximum thermal stress for both structures was from the boundary of microheaters, which indicated that not only the wire structure but also the shape of micro heaters should be considered to reduce the damage caused by thermal stress. The influence resulting from the thickness of graphene thin film also has been discussed. In all, the heating efficiency for flexible microheaters can be up to 135 °C/W. With the proposed PID voltage control system, the response time for the designed microheater was less than 10 s. Moreover, a feasible fabrication process flow for these proposed structures combing thermal analysis results in this work can provide some clues for flexible microheaters design and fabrication in other application areas.
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