1
|
Vermeer E, Jagt JZ, Stewart TK, Covington JA, Struys EA, de Jonge R, de Boer NKH, de Meij TGJ. Faecal Volatile Organic Compound Analysis in De Novo Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease by Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry: A Case-Control Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:2727. [PMID: 38732837 PMCID: PMC11086370 DOI: 10.3390/s24092727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota and its related metabolites differ between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and healthy controls. In this study, we compared faecal volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns of paediatric IBD patients and controls with gastrointestinal symptoms (CGIs). Additionally, we aimed to assess if baseline VOC profiles could predict treatment response in paediatric IBD patients. We collected faecal samples from a cohort of de novo therapy-naïve paediatric IBD patients and CGIs. VOCs were analysed using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Response was defined as a combination of clinical response based on disease activity scores, without requiring treatment escalation. We included 109 paediatric IBD patients and 75 CGIs, aged 4 to 17 years. Faecal VOC profiles of paediatric IBD patients were distinguishable from those of CGIs (AUC ± 95% CI, p-values: 0.71 (0.64-0.79), <0.001). This discrimination was observed in both Crohn's disease (CD) (0.75 (0.67-0.84), <0.001) and ulcerative colitis (UC) (0.67 (0.56-0.78), 0.01) patients. VOC profiles between CD and UC patients were not distinguishable (0.57 (0.45-0.69), 0.87). Baseline VOC profiles of responders did not differ from non-responders (0.70 (0.58-0.83), 0.1). In conclusion, faecal VOC profiles of paediatric IBD patients differ significantly from those of CGIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vermeer
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.Z.J.); (T.G.J.d.M.)
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmijn Z. Jagt
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.Z.J.); (T.G.J.d.M.)
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trenton K. Stewart
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (T.K.S.); (J.A.C.)
| | - James A. Covington
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (T.K.S.); (J.A.C.)
| | - Eduard A. Struys
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.S.); (R.d.J.)
| | - Robert de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (E.A.S.); (R.d.J.)
| | - Nanne K. H. de Boer
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim G. J. de Meij
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (J.Z.J.); (T.G.J.d.M.)
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D) Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krishnamoorthy A, Chandrapalan S, Ahmed M, Arasaradnam RP. The Diagnostic Utility of Volatile Organic Compounds in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Crohns Colitis 2024; 18:320-330. [PMID: 37540200 PMCID: PMC10896633 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volatile organic compounds [VOCs] show promise as potential biomarkers of for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, two chronic, idiopathic, gastrointestinal disorders with diagnostic and management challenges. Non-invasive biomarkers aid early diagnosis and management. In this study we review studies of diagnostic accuracy of VOCs in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS A systematic search was carried out on the Pubmed and Scopus databases; with 16 studies reviewed and meta-analysis carried out on 10. RESULTS Meta-analysis of 696 inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] cases against 605 controls revealed a pooled sensitivity and specificity of 87% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79 - 0.92) and 83% [95% CI, 0.73 - 0.90], respectively. Area under the curve [AUC] was 0.92. CONCLUSION VOCs perform very well as non-invasive biomarkers of IBD, with much scope for future improvement and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Subashini Chandrapalan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Carshalton, Surrey, UK
| | - Marriam Ahmed
- Department of Surgery University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| | - Ramesh P Arasaradnam
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang F, Yang L, Wei J, Tian X. Non-Invasive Blood Pressure Tracking of Spontaneous Hypertension Rats Using an Electronic Nose. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 24:238. [PMID: 38203100 PMCID: PMC10781391 DOI: 10.3390/s24010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Traditional noninvasive blood pressure measurement methods in experimental animals are time consuming and difficult to operate, particularly for large numbers of animals. In this study, the possibility of sensing fecal odor to estimate the blood pressure status of spontaneous hypertension rats (SHRs) was explored with the aim of establishing a new method for non-invasive monitoring of blood pressure. The body weight and blood pressure of SHRs kept increasing with growth, and the odor information monitored using an E-nose varied with the blood pressure status, particularly for sensors S6 and S7. The fecal information was analyzed using principal component analysis, canonical discriminant analysis and multilayer perception neural networks (MLP) to discriminate SHRs from normal ones, with a 100% correct classification rate. For better prediction of blood pressure, the model built using multiple linear regression analysis, partial least squares regression analysis and multilayer perceptron neural network analysis were used, with coefficients of determination (R2) ranging from 0.8036 to 0.9926. Moreover, the best prediction model for blood pressure was established using MLP analysis with an R2¬ higher than 0.91. Thus, changes in blood pressure levels can be tracked non-invasively, and normotension can be distinguished from hypertension or even at different hypertension levels based on the odor information of rat feces, providing a foundation for non-invasive health monitoring. This work might provide potential instructions for functional food research aimed at lowering blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumei Zhang
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
| | - Lijing Yang
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.W.)
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
| | - Jia Wei
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.W.)
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
| | - Xiaojing Tian
- China-Malaysia National Joint Laboratory, Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China; (F.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.W.)
- School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730124, China
- Gannan Yak Milk Research Institute, Gannan 747000, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wilson AD. Developments of Recent Applications for Early Diagnosis of Diseases Using Electronic-Nose and Other VOC-Detection Devices. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7885. [PMID: 37765943 PMCID: PMC10537495 DOI: 10.3390/s23187885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This Editorial provides summaries and an overview of research and review articles published in the Sensors journal, volumes 21 (2021), 22 (2022), and 23 (2023), within the biomedical Special Issue "Portable Electronic-Nose Devices for Noninvasive Early Disease Detection", which focused on recent sensors, biosensors, and clinical instruments developed for noninvasive early detection and diagnosis of human and animal diseases. The ten articles published in this Special Issue provide new information associated with recent electronic-nose (e-nose) and related volatile organic compound (VOC)-detection technologies developed to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of diagnostic methodologies for early disease detection prior to symptom development. For review purposes, the summarized articles were placed into three broad groupings or topic areas, including veterinary-wildlife pathology, human clinical pathology, and the detection of dietary effects on VOC emissions. These specified categories were used to define sectional headings devoted to related research studies with a commonality based on a particular disease being investigated or type of analytical instrument used in analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alphus Dan Wilson
- Pathology Department, Center for Forest Health & Disturbance, Forest Genetics and Ecosystems Biology, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dalis C, Mesfin FM, Manohar K, Liu J, Shelley WC, Brokaw JP, Markel TA. Volatile Organic Compound Assessment as a Screening Tool for Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1822. [PMID: 37512994 PMCID: PMC10385474 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases have a high prevalence throughout the United States. Screening and diagnostic modalities are often expensive and invasive, and therefore, people do not utilize them effectively. Lack of proper screening and diagnostic assessment may lead to delays in diagnosis, more advanced disease at the time of diagnosis, and higher morbidity and mortality rates. Research on the intestinal microbiome has demonstrated that dysbiosis, or unfavorable alteration of organismal composition, precedes the onset of clinical symptoms for various GI diseases. GI disease diagnostic research has led to a shift towards non-invasive methods for GI screening, including chemical-detection tests that measure changes in volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are the byproducts of bacterial metabolism that result in the distinct smell of stool. Many of these tools are expensive, immobile benchtop instruments that require highly trained individuals to interpret the results. These attributes make them difficult to implement in clinical settings. Alternatively, electronic noses (E-noses) are relatively cheaper, handheld devices that utilize multi-sensor arrays and pattern recognition technology to analyze VOCs. The purpose of this review is to (1) highlight how dysbiosis impacts intestinal diseases and how VOC metabolites can be utilized to detect alterations in the microbiome, (2) summarize the available VOC analytical platforms that can be used to detect aberrancies in intestinal health, (3) define the current technological advancements and limitations of E-nose technology, and finally, (4) review the literature surrounding several intestinal diseases in which headspace VOCs can be used to detect or predict disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Costa Dalis
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Fikir M Mesfin
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Krishna Manohar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jianyun Liu
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - W Christopher Shelley
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - John P Brokaw
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Troy A Markel
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|