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Zhao D, Jia W, Feng X, Yang H, Xie Y, Shang J, Wang P, Guo Y, Li RW. Flexible Sensors Based on Conductive Polymer Composites. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4664. [PMID: 39066060 PMCID: PMC11280612 DOI: 10.3390/s24144664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Elastic polymer-based conductive composites (EPCCs) are of great potential in the field of flexible sensors due to the advantages of designable functionality and thermal and chemical stability. As one of the popular choices for sensor electrodes and sensitive materials, considerable progress in EPCCs used in sensors has been made in recent years. In this review, we introduce the types and the conductive mechanisms of EPCCs. Furthermore, the recent advances in the application of EPCCs to sensors are also summarized. This review will provide guidance for the design and optimization of EPCCs and offer more possibilities for the development and application of flexible sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China;
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weiwei Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaona Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huali Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yali Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengjun Wang
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China;
- College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yufeng Guo
- College of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Ebrahimi M, Luo B, Wang Q, Attarilar S. High-Performance Nanoscale Metallic Multilayer Composites: Techniques, Mechanical Properties and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2124. [PMID: 38730930 PMCID: PMC11085667 DOI: 10.3390/ma17092124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Due to their exceptional properties and diverse applications, including to magnetic devices, thermoelectric materials, catalysis, biomedicine, and energy storage, nanoscale metallic multilayer composites (NMMCs) have recently attracted great attention. The alternating layers of two or more metals that make up NMMCs are each just a few nanometers thick. The difficulties in producing and synthesizing new materials can be overcome by using nanoscale multilayer architectures. By adjusting the layer thickness, composition, and interface structure, the mechanical properties of these materials can be controlled. In addition, NMMCs exhibit unusually high strength at thin layer thicknesses because the multilayers have exceptionally high strength, as the individual layer thicknesses are reduced to the nanoscale. The properties of NMMCs depend on the individual layers. This means that the properties can be tuned by varying the layer thickness, composition, and interface structure. Therefore, this review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanical properties and the application of high-performance NMMCs. The paper briefly discusses the fabrication methods used to produce these composites and highlights their potential in various fields, such as electronics, energy storage, aerospace, and biomedical engineering. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the above composite materials are analyzed in detail. The review concludes with a discussion of the future prospects and challenges associated with the development of NMMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Ebrahimi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 83111-55181, Iran;
| | - Bangcai Luo
- Ningbo Major Draft Beer Equipment Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315033, China;
| | - Qudong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and Key State Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shokouh Attarilar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 83111-55181, Iran;
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Flores N, Centurion F, Zheng J, Baharfar M, Kilani M, Ghasemian MB, Allioux FM, Tang J, Tang J, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Rahim MA. Polyphenol-Mediated Liquid Metal Composite Architecture for Solar Thermoelectric Generation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308346. [PMID: 37924272 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of advanced solar energy technologies, which efficiently convert solar energy to heat and then to electricity, remains a significant challenge in the pursuit of clean energy production. Here, this challenge is addressed by designing a photothermal absorber composed of liquid gallium particles and a natural polyphenol-based coordination ink. The design of this composite takes advantage of the tuneable light absorption properties of the polyphenol inks and can also be applied onto flexible substrates. While the ink utilizes two types of coordination complexes to absorb light at different wavelengths, the liquid gallium particles with high thermal and electrical properties provide enhanced thermoelectric effect. As such, the photothermal composite exhibits a broad-spectrum light absorption and highly efficient solar-to-heat conversion. A thermoelectric generator coated with the photothermal composite exhibits an impressive voltage output of ≈185.3 mV when exposed to 1 Sun illumination, without requiring any optical concentration, which sets a new record for a power density at 345.5 µW cm-2 . This work showcases the synergistic combination of natural compound-based light-absorbing coordination complexes with liquid metals to achieve a strong photothermal effect and their integration into thermoelectric devices with powerful light harvesting capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Flores
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Franco Centurion
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiewei Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Mahroo Baharfar
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohamed Kilani
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Mohammad B Ghasemian
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Francois-Marie Allioux
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Jianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Junma Tang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kourosh Kalantar-Zadeh
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Md Arifur Rahim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
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Kanaoujiya R, Saroj SK, Rajput VD, Alimuddin, Srivastava S, Minkina T, Igwegbe CA, Singh M, Kumar A. Emerging application of nanotechnology for mankind. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2023; 6:439-452. [PMID: 36743193 PMCID: PMC9888745 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-023-00461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has proven to be the greatest multidisciplinary field in the current years with potential applications in agriculture, pollution remediation, environmental sustainability, as well as most recently in pharmaceutical industries. As a result of its physical, chemical, and biological productivity, resistance, and matricular organization at a larger scale, the potential of nanocomposites revealed different sorts of assembling structures via testing. Biosensors are known some specifically promising inventions whereas carbon nanotube, magnetic nanoparticles (NPs), quantum dots, and gold NPs showed capability to repair damaged cells, molecular docking, drug-delivery, and nano-remediation of toxic elements. PEGylated(Poly ethyl glycol amyl gated) redox-responsive nanoscale COFs drug delivery from AgNPs and AuNPs are known to be sun blockers in sunscreen lotions. The emerging trends and yet more to be discovered to bridge the gaps forming in the field of nanotechnology, especially insights into environmental concerns and health issues most importantly the food web which is connected with the well beings of mankind to perform its tasks giving necessary results. The current review detailed emerging role of nanomaterials in human life. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42247-023-00461-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kanaoujiya
- Synthetic Inorganic and Metallo Organic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, 211002 Prayagraj, India
| | - Shruti Kumari Saroj
- Synthetic Inorganic and Metallo Organic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, 211002 Prayagraj, India
| | - Vishnu D. Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, 344090 Russia
| | - Alimuddin
- Physical Sciences Section, School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, 500032, Hyderabad, Telangana India
| | - Shekhar Srivastava
- Synthetic Inorganic and Metallo Organic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, 211002 Prayagraj, India
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, 344090 Russia
| | - Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamadi Azikiwe University, P. M. B., 5025 Awka, Nigeria
| | - Mukta Singh
- Synthetic Inorganic and Metallo Organic Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Allahabad, 211002 Prayagraj, India
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Physics, School of Science, IFTM University Moradabad, 244102 Moradabad, India
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Cao J, Li X, Liu Y, Zhu G, Li RW. Liquid Metal-Based Electronics for On-Skin Healthcare. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13010084. [PMID: 36671919 PMCID: PMC9856137 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wearable devices are receiving growing interest in modern technologies for realizing multiple on-skin purposes, including flexible display, flexible e-textiles, and, most importantly, flexible epidermal healthcare. A 'BEER' requirement, i.e., biocompatibility, electrical elasticity, and robustness, is first proposed here for all the on-skin healthcare electronics for epidermal applications. This requirement would guide the designing of the next-generation on-skin healthcare electronics. For conventional stretchable electronics, the rigid conductive materials, e.g., gold nanoparticles and silver nanofibers, would suffer from an easy-to-fail interface with elastic substrates due to a Young's modulus mismatch. Liquid metal (LM) with high conductivity and stretchability has emerged as a promising solution for robust stretchable epidermal electronics. In addition, the fundamental physical, chemical, and biocompatible properties of LM are illustrated. Furthermore, the fabrication strategies of LM are outlined for pure LM, LM composites, and LM circuits based on the surface tension control. Five dominant epidermal healthcare applications of LM are illustrated, including electrodes, interconnectors, mechanical sensors, thermal management, and biomedical and sustainable applications. Finally, the key challenges and perspectives of LM are identified for the future research vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Integrated Circuits and Beijing National Research Centre for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiwei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Guang Zhu
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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Influence of microstructural alterations of liquid metal and its interfacial interactions with rubber on multifunctional properties of soft composite materials. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 308:102752. [PMID: 36007286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Liquid metal (LM)-based polymer composites are currently new breakthrough and emerging classes of soft multifunctional materials (SMMs) having immense transformative potential for soft technological applications. Currently, room-temperature LMs, mostly eutectic gallium‑indium and Galinstan alloys are used to integrate with soft polymer due to their outstanding properties such as high conductivity, fluidity, low adhesion, high surface tension, low cytotoxicity, etc. The microstructural alterations and interfacial interactions controlling the efficient integration of LMs with rubber are the most critical aspects for successful implementation of multifunctionality in the resulting material. In this review article, a fundamental understanding of microstructural alterations of LMs to the formation of well-defined percolating networks inside an insulating rubber matrix has been established by exploiting several existing theoretical and experimental studies. Furthermore, effects of the chemical modifications of an LM surface and its interfacial interactions on the compatibility between solid rubber and fluid filler phase have been discussed. The presence of thin oxide layer on the LM surface and the effects and challenges it poses to the adequate functionalization of these materials have been discussed. Plausible applications of SMMs in different soft matter technologies, like soft robotics, flexible electronics, soft actuators, sensors, etc. have been provided. Finally, the current technical challenges and further prospective to the development of SMMs using non‑silicone rubbers have been critically discussed. This review is anticipated to infuse a new impetus to the associated research communities for the development of next generation SMMs.
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Flexible Wearable Pressure Sensor Based on Collagen Fiber Material. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050694. [PMID: 35630161 PMCID: PMC9143406 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Flexible wearable pressure sensors play a pivotal role in healthcare monitoring, disease prevention, and humanmachine interactions. However, their narrow sensing ranges, low detection sensitivities, slow responses, and complex preparation processes restrict their application in smart wearable devices. Herein, a capacitive pressure sensor with high sensitivity and flexibility that uses an ionic collagen fiber material as the dielectric layer is proposed. The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity (5.24 kPa−1), fast response time (40 ms), long-term stability, and excellent repeatability over 3000 cycles. Because the sensor is resizable, flexible, and has a simple preparation process, it can be flexibly attached to clothes and the human body for wearable monitoring. Furthermore, the practicality of the sensor is proven by attaching it to different measurement positions on the human body to monitor the activity signal.
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