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Custodio-Mendoza JA, Pokorski P, Aktaş H, Napiórkowska A, Kurek MA. Advances in Chromatographic Analysis of Phenolic Phytochemicals in Foods: Bridging Gaps and Exploring New Horizons. Foods 2024; 13:2268. [PMID: 39063352 PMCID: PMC11276055 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromatographic analysis of phenolic phytochemicals in foods has significantly advanced over the past decade (2014-2024), meeting increasing demands for precision and efficiency. This review covers both conventional and advanced chromatographic techniques used for detecting phenolic phytochemicals in foods. Conventional methods like High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Thin-Layer Chromatography, and Gas Chromatography are discussed, along with their benefits and limitations. Advanced techniques, including Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography, Nano-LC, Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography, and Capillary Electrophoresis, are highlighted for their innovations and improved capabilities. The review addresses challenges in current chromatographic methods, emphasizing the need for standardized and validated procedures according to the Food and Drug Administration, European Cooperation for Accreditation of Laboratories, and The International Organization for Standardization guidelines to ensure reliable and reproducible results. It also considers novel strategies for reducing the environmental impact of chromatographic methods, advocating for sustainable practices in analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marcin Andrzej Kurek
- Department of Technique and Food Development, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (J.A.C.-M.); (P.P.); (H.A.); (A.N.)
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Vicente-Zurdo D, Gómez-Mejía E, Rosales-Conrado N, León-González ME. A Comprehensive Analytical Review of Polyphenols: Evaluating Neuroprotection in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5906. [PMID: 38892094 PMCID: PMC11173253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is the primary cause of dementia. Despite significant advancements in neuroscience, a definitive cure or treatment for this debilitating disease remains elusive. A notable characteristic of AD is oxidative stress, which has been identified as a potential therapeutic target. Polyphenols, secondary metabolites of plant origin, have attracted attention due to their potent antioxidant properties. Epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between the consumption of polyphenol-rich foods and the prevention of chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, which underscores the potential of polyphenols as a therapeutic strategy in AD management. Hence, this comprehensive review focuses on the diverse roles of polyphenols in AD, with a particular emphasis on neuroprotective potential. Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used as leading databases for study selection, from 2018 to late March 2024. Analytical chemistry serves as a crucial tool for characterizing polyphenols, with a nuanced exploration of their extraction methods from various sources, often employing chemometric techniques for a holistic interpretation of the advances in this field. Moreover, this review examines current in vitro and in vivo research, aiming to enhance the understanding of polyphenols' role in AD, and providing valuable insights for forthcoming approaches in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vicente-Zurdo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (N.R.-C.)
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Montepríncipe Urbanization, 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Spain
| | - Esther Gómez-Mejía
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (N.R.-C.)
| | - Noelia Rosales-Conrado
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (N.R.-C.)
| | - María Eugenia León-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Sciences, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-M.); (N.R.-C.)
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Razem M, Morozova K, Ding Y, Ferrentino G, Scampicchio M. Determination of free and bound antioxidants in Kamut® wheat by HPLC with triple detector (DAD-CAD-MS). Food Chem X 2024; 21:101216. [PMID: 38384689 PMCID: PMC10879663 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Kamut® wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. turanicum), an ancient, underutilized cereal, offers potential health benefits due to its phenolic compounds. This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant potential of Kamut® wheat's free and bound phenolic extracts using an HPLC system equipped with three detectors. The bound extracts, released after alkaline hydrolysis, exhibited higher total phenolic and flavonoid content compared to the free extracts (p < 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity of bound extracts was six-fold greater than in free extracts (p < 0.05). The main antioxidants in free extracts were tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and apigenin. In bound extracts, ferulic acid, its dimers and trimer were present. Kamut® wheat exhibited a source of dietary antioxidants and should be considered a potential ingredient for the development of functional foods. Also, the HPLC-triple detector system is effective for in-depth profiling of antioxidant compounds, paving the way for future research on similar grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutasem Razem
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Ksenia Morozova
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Yubin Ding
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Ferrentino
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Scampicchio
- Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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Alam MZ, Okonkwo CE, Cachaneski-Lopes JP, Graeff CFO, Batagin-Neto A, Tariq S, Varghese S, O'Connor MJ, Albadri AE, Webber JBW, Tarique M, Ayyash M, Kamal-Eldin A. Date fruit melanin is primarily based on (-)-epicatechin proanthocyanidin oligomers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4863. [PMID: 38418836 PMCID: PMC10901811 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant-based melanin seems to be abundant, but it did not receive scientific attention despite its importance in plant biology and medicinal applications, e.g. photoprotection, radical scavenging, antimicrobial properties, etc. Date fruit melanin (DM) has complex, graphene-like, polymeric structure that needs characterization to understand its molecular properties and potential applications. This study provides the first investigation of the possible molecular composition of DM. High performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) suggested that DM contains oligomeric structures (569-3236 Da) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed agglomeration of these structures in granules of low total porosity (10-1000 Å). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provided evidence for the presence of oligomeric proanthocyanidins and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy revealed a g-factor in the range 2.0034-2.005. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggested that the EPR signals can be associated with oligomeric proanthocyanidin structures having 4 and above molecular units of (-)-epicatechin. The discovery of edible melanin in date fruits and its characterization are expected to open a new area of research on its significance to nutritional and sensory characteristics of plant-based foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeba Zubair Alam
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Clinton Emeka Okonkwo
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - João P Cachaneski-Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology (POSMAT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos F O Graeff
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology (POSMAT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Augusto Batagin-Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Materials Science and Technology (POSMAT), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Sciences and Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Itapeva, SP, Brazil
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sabu Varghese
- Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Matthew J O'Connor
- Core Technology Platforms, New York University Abu Dhabi, 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abuzar E Albadri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, 51452, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Beau W Webber
- Lab-Tools Ltd., Marlowe Innovation Centre, Marlowe Way, Ramsgate, CT12 6FA, UK
| | - Mohammed Tarique
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afaf Kamal-Eldin
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- National Water and Energy Center (NWEC), United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box: 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Dujmović M, Opačić N, Radman S, Fabek Uher S, Čoga L, Petek M, Voća S, Šic Žlabur J. How to Increase the Nutritional Quality of Stinging Nettle Through Controlled Plant Nutrition §. Food Technol Biotechnol 2023; 61:451-464. [PMID: 38205052 PMCID: PMC10775789 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.61.04.23.8119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Research background As food production faces major challenges, modern agricultural practices are increasingly focused on conserving resources, reducing negative environmental impacts and sustainably producing food with a high content of health-promoting phytochemicals. During production, many factors can affect the quality and chemical composition of a final food product. Proper selection of cultivating conditions, especially a balanced nutrition, can significantly increase nutritional value and result in foods with strong biological and functional properties. Stinging nettle is a rich source of minerals, vitamins, pigments, phenols and other bioactive compounds and can be consumed as a green leafy vegetable with beneficial effects on human health. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity of stinging nettle leaves under the influence of different nutrient solution (NS) treatments and three harvest cycles. Experimental approach The experiment was conducted in a floating hydroponic system in which treatments with different nutrient solutions were applied and three harvest cycles were carried out. After each harvest, the following treatments were applied: treatment 1 - depletion of nutrient solution by adding water, treatment 2 - supplementation of nutrient solution by adding initial nutrient solution and treatment 3 - correction of nutrient solution by adding nutrients. Among the bioactive compounds, minerals, ascorbic acid, phenols and photosynthetic pigments content, as well as antioxidant capacity were analysed spectrophotometrically, while individual phenols were determined by liquid chromatography. Results and conclusions Different nutrition solution treatments and the number of harvest cycles had a significant effect on the content of the analysed bioactive compounds. The highest mass fraction (on fresh mass basis) of total phenols expressed as gallic acid equivalents (377.04 mg/100 g), total flavonoids expressed as catechol equivalents (279.54 mg/100 g), ascorbic acid (112.37 mg/100 g) and pigments (total chlorophylls 1.84, and total carotenoids 0.36 mg/g) as well as the highest antioxidant capacity expressed as Trolox equivalents (35.47 µmol/g) were recorded in the samples supplemented with nutrient solution (treatment NS2) and analysed after the third harvest. Novelty and scientific contribution This is the first time that stinging nettle leaves have been produced in a floating hydroponic system by controlled plant nutrition. We have set this type of nutritional manipulation with multiple harvest cycles as an innovative technique for the production of novel food with improved nutritional value that can be consumed as green leafy vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Dujmović
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevena Opačić
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Vegetable Crops, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Radman
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Vegetable Crops, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Fabek Uher
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Vegetable Crops, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lepomir Čoga
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Nutrition, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Petek
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Nutrition, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Voća
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jana Šic Žlabur
- University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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