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Radman BA, Alhameed AMM, Shu G, Yin G, Wang M. Cellular elasticity in cancer: a review of altered biomechanical features. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:5299-5324. [PMID: 38742281 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00328d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
A large number of studies have shown that changes in biomechanical characteristics are an important indicator of tumor transformation in normal cells. Elastic deformation is one of the more studied biomechanical features of tumor cells, which plays an important role in tumourigenesis and development. Altered cell elasticity often brings many indications. This manuscript reviews the effects of altered cellular elasticity on cell characteristics, including adhesion viscosity, migration, proliferation, and differentiation elasticity and stiffness. Also, the physical factors that may affect cell elasticity, such as temperature, cell height, cell-viscosity, and aging, are summarized. Then, the effects of cell-matrix, cytoskeleton, in vitro culture medium, and cell-substrate with different three-dimensional structures on cell elasticity during cell tumorigenesis are outlined. Importantly, we summarize the current signaling pathways that may affect cellular elasticity, as well as tests for cellular elastic deformation. Finally, we summarize current hybrid materials: polymer-polymer, protein-protein, and protein-polymer hybrids, also, nano-delivery strategies that target cellular resilience and cases that are at least in clinical phase 1 trials. Overall, the behavior of cancer cell elasticity is modulated by biological, chemical, and physical changes, which in turn have the potential to alter cellular elasticity, and this may be an encouraging prediction for the future discovery of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakeel A Radman
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Education, Albaydha University, Yemen
| | | | - Guang Shu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
- China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Maonan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Arnold KM, Weaver SR, Zars EL, Tschumperlin DJ, Westendorf JJ. Inhibition of Phlpp1 preserves the mechanical integrity of articular cartilage in a murine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:680-689. [PMID: 38432607 PMCID: PMC11127785 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phlpp1 inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy for cartilage regeneration and prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). To understand how Phlpp1 loss affects cartilage structure, cartilage elastic modulus was measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM) in male and female mice after injury. METHODS Osteoarthritis was induced in male and female Wildtype (WT) and Phlpp1-/- mice by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). At various timepoints post-injury, activity was measured, and knee joints examined with AFM and histology. In another cohort of WT mice, the PHLPP inhibitor NSC117079 was intra-articularly injected 4 weeks after injury. RESULTS Male WT mice showed decreased activity and histological signs of cartilage damage at 12 but not 6-weeks post-DMM. Female mice showed a less severe response to DMM by comparison, with no histological changes seen at any time point. In both sexes the elastic modulus of medial condylar cartilage was decreased in WT mice but not Phlpp1-/- mice after DMM as measured by AFM. By 6-weeks, cartilage modulus had decreased from 2 MPa to 1 MPa in WT mice. Phlpp1-/- mice showed no change in modulus at 6-weeks and only a 25% decrease at 12-weeks. The PHLPP inhibitor NSC117079 protected cartilage structure and prevented signs of OA 6-weeks post-injury. CONCLUSIONS AFM is a sensitive method for detecting early changes in articular cartilage post-injury. Phlpp1 suppression, either through genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition, protects cartilage degradation in a model of PTOA, validating Phlpp1 as a therapeutic target for PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Arnold
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Elizabeth L Zars
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Kojima S. Poisson's Ratio of Glasses, Ceramics, and Crystals. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:300. [PMID: 38255468 PMCID: PMC10817342 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Poisson's ratio is the fundamental metric used to discuss the performance of any material when strained elastically. However, the methods of the determination of Poisson's ratio are not yet discussed well. The first purpose of this paper is to introduce the five kinds of typical experimental methods to measure Poisson's ratio of glasses, ceramics, and crystals. The second purpose is to discuss the experimental results on the variation of Poisson's ratio by composition, temperature, and pressure reviewed for various glasses, ceramics, and crystals, which are not yet reviewed. For example, in oxide glasses, the number of bridging oxygen atoms per glass-forming cation provides a straightforward estimation of network crosslinking using Poisson's ratio. In the structural-phase transition of crystals, Poisson's ratio shows remarkable temperature-dependence in the vicinity of a phase-transition temperature. The mechanism of these variations is discussed from physical and chemical points of view. The first-principles calculation of Poisson's ratio in the newly hypothesized compounds is also described, and its pressure-induced ductile-brittle transition is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Kojima
- Division of Materials Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
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Fredrikson JP, Brahmachary PP, June RK, Cox LM, Chang CB. Pericellular Matrix Formation and Atomic Force Microscopy of Single Primary Human Chondrocytes Cultured in Alginate Microgels. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300268. [PMID: 37688354 PMCID: PMC10843004 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the main components of articular cartilage is the chondrocyte's pericellular matrix (PCM), which is critical for regulating mechanotransduction, biochemical cues, and healthy cartilage development. Here, individual primary human chondrocytes (PHC) are encapsulated and cultured in 50 µm diameter alginate microgels using drop-based microfluidics. This unique culturing method enables PCM formation and manipulation of individual cells. Over ten days, matrix formation is observed using autofluorescence imaging, and the elastic moduli of isolated cells are measured using AFM. Matrix production and elastic modulus increase are observed for the chondrons cultured in microgels. Furthermore, the elastic modulus of cells grown in microgels increases ≈ten-fold over ten days, nearly reaching the elastic modulus of in vivo PCM. The AFM data is further analyzed using a Gaussian mixture model and shows that the population of PHCs grown in microgels exhibit two distinct populations with elastic moduli averaging 9.0 and 38.0 kPa. Overall, this work shows that microgels provide an excellent culture platform for the growth and isolation of PHCs, enabling PCM formation that is mechanically similar to native PCM. The microgel culture platform presented here has the potential to revolutionize cartilage regeneration procedures through the inclusion of in vitro developed PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P Fredrikson
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173920, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173980, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Priyanka P Brahmachary
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173800, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Ronald K June
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173800, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173520, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Lewis M Cox
- Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173800, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Connie B Chang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173920, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, P.O. Box 173980, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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