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Chen Z, Shimizu S, Ji S, Pan J, Wang Y, Feng R. A novel BODIPY-based fluorescent probe for naked-eye detection of the highly alkaline pH. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 325:125083. [PMID: 39260237 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.125083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
A novel alkaline pH-responsive probe based on an asymmetric aza-BODIPY was synthesized in a one-pot Schiff base formation reaction. This pH-sensitive probe comprises an asymmetric aza-BODIPY as the luminescent core, with a benzothiazole moiety connected via an imine bond serving as the recognition site. The probe exhibits a turn-off fluorescence response upon exposure to alkaline pH (9.6-12.4), while a bathochromic band in the absorption emerges due to its extended π-conjugation system, accompanied by a visible colorimetric change from yellow to orange to red. Furthermore, the probe responds linearly in the highly alkaline region, with a pKa of 11.65. The recognition mechanism of the probe towards alkaline pH relies on the deprotonation of the imine group on the aza-BODIPY core, leading to an enhanced degree of π-electron conjugation. The quenched fluorescence intensity is attributed to the increased non-radiative decay of the deprotonated form of the probe. The probe demonstrates high reliability for practical applications due to its photostability and reversibility. This study provides new insights into the design of probes for detecting high alkaline pH levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxu Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Soji Shimizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sheng Ji
- Jiangsu Chunlan Clean Energy Academy Co., Ltd., Taizhou 225300, China
| | - Jianming Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Ru Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Xie Y, Li Y, Lin H, Wang X, Liao W, Liu Z, Lin L. Real-Time pH Sensor in Bacterial Microenvironments Using Liquid Crystal Core-Shell Microspheres. Anal Chem 2024; 96:11472-11478. [PMID: 38957093 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c02040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that the bacterial microenvironment imposes restrictions on the growth and behavior of bacteria. The localized monitoring of microenvironmental factors is appreciated when consulting bacterial adaptation and behavior in the presence of chemical or mechanical stimuli. Herein, we developed a novel liquid crystal (LC) biosensor in a microsphere configuration for real-time 3D monitoring of the bacteria microenvironment, which was implemented by a microfluidic chip. As a proof of concept, a LC gel (LC-Gel) microsphere biosensor was prepared and employed in the localized pH changes of bacteria by observing the configuration change of LC under polarized optical microscopy. Briefly, the microsphere biosensor was constructed in core-shell configuration, wherein the core contained LCE7 (a nematic LC) doped with 4-pentylbiphenyl-4'-carboxylic acid (PBA), and the shell encapsulated the bacteria. The protonation of carboxyl functional groups of the PBA induced a change in charge density on the surface of LCE7 and the orientation of E7 molecules, resulting in the transitions of the LC nucleus from axial to bipolar. The developed LC-Gel microspheres pH sensor exhibited its dominant performance on localized pH real-time sensing with a resolution of 0.1. An intriguing observation from the prepared pH biosensor was that the diverse bacteria impelled distinct acidifying or alkalizing effects. Overall, the facile LC-Gel microsphere biosensor not only provides a versatile tool for label-free, localized pH monitoring but also opens avenues for investigating the effects of chemical and mechanical stimuli on cellular metabolism within bacterial microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoshuang Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Department of Bioengineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Haifeng Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Department of Bioengineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaorui Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Department of Bioengineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenjun Liao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Department of Bioengineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zeyang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ling Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health, Department of Bioengineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Yang M, Mu H, Gao J, Zhen Q, Wang X, Guan X, Li H, Li B. Screening the Optimal Probe by Expounding the ESIPT Mechanism and Photophysical Properties in Bis-HBX with Multimodal Substitutions. Molecules 2024; 29:2692. [PMID: 38893566 PMCID: PMC11173473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
DFT and TD-DFT were used in this article to investigate the effects of different substitutions at multiple sites on the photophysical mechanism of bis-HBX in the gas phase. Four different substitution modes were selected, denoted as A1 (X=Me, Y=S), A2 (X=OMe, Y=S), B1 (X=Me, Y=NH), and C1 (X=Me, Y=O). The geometric parameters proved that the IHBs enhanced after photoexcitation, which was conducive to promote the ESIPT process. Combining the analysis of the PECs, it was revealed that the bis-HBX molecule underwent the ESIPT process, and the ease of the ESIPT process was in the order of A1 > A2> B1 > C1. In particular, the TICT process in A1 and B1 promoted the occurrence of the ESIPT process. In addition, the IC process was identified, particularly in C1. Meanwhile, the calculation of fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence rate further confirmed that A1 was the most effective fluorescent probe molecule. This theoretical research provides an innovative theoretical reference for regulating ESIPT reactions and optimizing fluorescent probe molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (M.Y.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (X.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Hongyan Mu
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (M.Y.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (X.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Jiaan Gao
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (M.Y.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (X.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Qi Zhen
- School of Civil Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (M.Y.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (X.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Xiaotong Guan
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (M.Y.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (X.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Hui Li
- Jilin Key Laboratory of Solid-State Laser Technology and Application, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China; (M.Y.); (H.M.); (J.G.); (X.W.); (X.G.)
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Lasers, School of Physics, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
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Chen H, Tang Z, Yang Y, Hao Y, Chen W. Recent Advances in Photoswitchable Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probes. Molecules 2024; 29:2521. [PMID: 38893396 PMCID: PMC11173890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, significant advancements have been made in the research of photoswitchable probes. These probes undergo reversible structural and electronic changes upon light exposure, thus exhibiting vast potential in molecular detection, biological imaging, material science, and information storage. Through precisely engineered molecular structures, the photoswitchable probes can toggle between "on" and "off" states at specific wavelengths, enabling highly sensitive and selective detection of targeted analytes. This review systematically presents photoswitchable fluorescent and colorimetric probes built on various molecular photoswitches, primarily focusing on the types involving photoswitching in their detection and/or signal response processes. It begins with an analysis of various molecular photoswitches, including their photophysical properties, photoisomerization and photochromic mechanisms, and fundamental design concepts for constructing photoswitchable probes. The article then elaborates on the applications of these probes in detecting diverse targets, including cations, anions, small molecules, and biomacromolecules. Finally, it offers perspectives on the current state and future development of photoswitchable probes. This review aims to provide a clear introduction for researchers in the field and guidance for the design and application of new, efficient fluorescent and colorimetric probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zilong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yewen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuanqiang Hao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (H.C.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Wansong Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410017, China
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Huang H, Wang X, Zhou G, Qian C, Zhou Z, Wang Z, Yang Y. A novel ratiometric fluorescent sensor from modified coumarin-grafted cellulose for precise pH detection in strongly alkaline conditions. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130066. [PMID: 38340911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Accurate and convenient monitoring of pH under extreme alkaline conditions is still a challenge. In this work, 4-(3-(7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl)-3-oxoprop-1-en-1-yl)benzamide (HCB), a coumarin derivative, was grafted onto dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) to obtain a sensor DAC-HCB, which exhibited a ratiometric fluorescent response to the pH of alkaline solutions, resulting in a significant fluorescent color change from yellow to blue (FI459 nm/FI577 nm) at pH 7.5-14. The structure of DAC-HCB was characterized through FT-IR, XRD, XPS, SEM. The pKa of sensor DAC-HCB was 13.16, and the fluorescent intensity ratio FI459 nm/FI577 nm possessed an excellent linear characteristic with pH in the scope of 9.0-13.0. Meanwhile, sensor DAC-HCB showed good selectivity, anti-interference, and fast response time to basic pH, which is an effective fluorescent sensor for examination of pH in alkali circumstance. The recognition mechanism of DAC-HCB to OH- was elucidated with HRMS and density-functional theory (DFT) computational analyses. Sensor DAC-HCB was successfully used for precise detection of environmental water samples pH. This work furnished a new protocol for test strips as a convenient and highly efficient pH detection tool for the high pH environment, and it has great potential for application in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Huang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Guocheng Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zihang Zhou
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhonglong Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yiqin Yang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Light Industry and Food, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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