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Borghini G, Ronca V, Giorgi A, Aricò P, Di Flumeri G, Capotorto R, Rooseleer F, Kirwan B, De Visscher I, Goman M, Pugh J, Abramov N, Granger G, Alarcon DPM, Humm E, Pozzi S, Babiloni F. Reducing flight upset risk and startle response: A study of the wake vortex alert with licensed commercial pilots. Brain Res Bull 2024; 215:111020. [PMID: 38909913 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed at investigating the impact of an innovative Wake Vortex Alert (WVA) avionics on pilots' operation and mental states, intending to improve aviation safety by mitigating the risks associated with wake vortex encounters (WVEs). Wake vortices, generated by jet aircraft, pose a significant hazard to trailing or crossing aircrafts. Despite existing separation rules, incidents involving WVEs continue to occur, especially affecting smaller aircrafts like business jets, resulting in aircraft upsets and occasional cabin injuries. To address these challenges, the study focused on developing and validating an alert system that can be presented to air traffic controllers, enabling them to warn flight crews. This empowers the flight crews to either avoid the wake vortex or secure the cabin to prevent injuries. The research employed a multidimensional approach including an analysis of human performance and human factors (HF) issues to determine the potential impact of the alert on pilots' roles, tasks, and mental states. It also utilizes Human Assurance Levels (HALs) to evaluate the necessary human factors support based on the safety criticality of the new system. Realistic flight simulations were conducted to collect data of pilots' behavioural, subjective and neurophysiological responses during WVEs. The data allowed for an objective evaluation of the WVA impact on pilots' operation, behaviour and mental states (mental workload, stress levels and arousal). In particular, the results highlighted the effectiveness of the alert system in facilitating pilots' preparation, awareness and crew resource management (CRM). The results also highlighted the importance of avionics able to enhance aviation safety and reducing risks associated with wake vortex encounters. In particular, we demonstrated how providing timely information and improving situational awareness, the WVA will minimize the occurrence of WVEs and contribute to safer aviation operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Borghini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; BrainSigns srl, Rome, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Ronca
- BrainSigns srl, Rome, Italy; Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Giorgi
- BrainSigns srl, Rome, Italy; Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Pietro Aricò
- BrainSigns srl, Rome, Italy; Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering "Antonio Ruberti", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Di Flumeri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; BrainSigns srl, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Capotorto
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Barry Kirwan
- EUROCONTROL, Centre du Bois des Bordes, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Ivan De Visscher
- EUROCONTROL, Centre du Bois des Bordes, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Mikhail Goman
- Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Media, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Pugh
- Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Media, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolay Abramov
- Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Media, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Géraud Granger
- Safety Management Research Program, École Nationale de l'Aviation Civile (ENAC), France
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China
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Zaghini F, Calzolari M, Di Nitto M, Longobucco Y, Alvaro R, Cicolini G, Lancia L, Manara DF, Rasero L, Rocco G, Zega M, Mazzoleni B, Sasso L, Bagnasco A. Workload of home care nurses: Italian adaptation, validity, and reliability of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index questionnaire. Public Health Nurs 2024. [PMID: 39092927 DOI: 10.1111/phn.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to adapt the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) to the home care setting and translate and validate it in Italian. An online questionnaire containing the Italian version of the NASA-TLX adapted to the home care setting was administered to home care nurses to measure workload. Content Validity Index, Exploratory, and Confirmatory Factor Analyses were used to measure the psychometric characteristics of the modified NASA-TLX. The modified Italian version of NASA-TLX_HC-IT showed good psychometric characteristics in measuring the workload of home care nurses, with excellent fit indices. The reliability, calculated with Cronbach's alpha, was 0.73, indicating adequate reliability. A negative correlation between workload and job satisfaction among home care nurses, as well as a positive association between high workload and intention to leave the workplace, was verified. The modified Italian version of the NASA-TLX_HC-IT was confirmed to be a valid and reliable instrument to measure workload in home care nursing. Furthermore, the correlation between workload and the intention to leave the workplace among home care nurses was an important result that community nursing managers should consider preventing the shortage of home care nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Zaghini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Marco Di Nitto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Yari Longobucco
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosaria Alvaro
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Scientific Committee CERSI-FNOPI, Rome, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Cicolini
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, "G.d'Annunzio" University of Chieti - Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- FNOPI Board Member, Rome, Italy
| | - Loreto Lancia
- Scientific Committee CERSI-FNOPI, Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Public Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Duilio Fiorenzo Manara
- Scientific Committee CERSI-FNOPI, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Rasero
- Department of Health Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Scientific Committee CERSI-FNOPI, Rome, Italy
| | - Gennaro Rocco
- Scientific Committee CERSI-FNOPI, Rome, Italy
- Centre of Excellence for Nursing Scholarship, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zega
- FNOPI Board Member, Rome, Italy
- Isola Tiberina Hospital - Gemelli Isola, A. Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Loredana Sasso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Scientific Committee CERSI-FNOPI, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Bagnasco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- Scientific Committee CERSI-FNOPI, Rome, Italy
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Ćosić K, Popović S, Wiederhold BK. Enhancing Aviation Safety through AI-Driven Mental Health Management for Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2024; 27:588-598. [PMID: 38916063 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2023.0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the mental health challenges faced by pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCs), whose stressful professional lives may negatively impact global flight safety and security. The adverse effects of mental health disorders on their flight performance pose a particular safety risk, especially in sudden unexpected startle situations. Therefore, the early detection, prediction and prevention of mental health deterioration in pilots and ATCs, particularly among those at high risk, are crucial to minimize potential air crash incidents caused by human factors. Recent research in artificial intelligence (AI) demonstrates the potential of machine and deep learning, edge and cloud computing, virtual reality and wearable multimodal physiological sensors for monitoring and predicting mental health disorders. Longitudinal monitoring and analysis of pilots' and ATCs physiological, cognitive and behavioral states could help predict individuals at risk of undisclosed or emerging mental health disorders. Utilizing AI tools and methodologies to identify and select these individuals for preventive mental health training and interventions could be a promising and effective approach to preventing potential air crash accidents attributed to human factors and related mental health problems. Based on these insights, the article advocates for the design of a multidisciplinary mental healthcare ecosystem in modern aviation using AI tools and technologies, to foster more efficient and effective mental health management, thereby enhancing flight safety and security standards. This proposed ecosystem requires the collaboration of multidisciplinary experts, including psychologists, neuroscientists, physiologists, psychiatrists, etc. to address these challenges in modern aviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krešimir Ćosić
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Siniša Popović
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Avdimiotis S, Konstantinidis I, Stalidis G, Stamovlasis D. Coping with Examination Stress: An Emotion Analysis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4297. [PMID: 39001079 PMCID: PMC11243834 DOI: 10.3390/s24134297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Stress is an important factor affecting human behavior, with recent works in the literature distinguishing it as either productive or destructive. The present study investigated how the primary emotion of stress is correlated with engagement, focus, interest, excitement, and relaxation during university students' examination processes. Given that examinations are highly stressful processes, twenty-six postgraduate students participated in a four-phase experiment (rest, written examination, oral examination, and rest) conducted at the International Hellenic University (IHU) using a modified Trier protocol. Network analysis with a focus on centralities was employed for data processing. The results highlight the important role of stress in the examination process; correlate stress with other emotions, such as interest, engagement, enthusiasm, relaxation, and concentration; and, finally, suggest ways to control and creatively utilize stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros Avdimiotis
- Department of Organizations Management and Tourism, Faculty of Economy and Management, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Ioannis Konstantinidis
- Department of Organizations Management and Tourism, Faculty of Economy and Management, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.A.); (G.S.)
| | - George Stalidis
- Department of Organizations Management and Tourism, Faculty of Economy and Management, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (S.A.); (G.S.)
| | - Dimitrios Stamovlasis
- Department of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
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Wang P, Houghton R, Majumdar A. Detecting and Predicting Pilot Mental Workload Using Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3723. [PMID: 38931507 PMCID: PMC11207491 DOI: 10.3390/s24123723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Measuring pilot mental workload (MWL) is crucial for enhancing aviation safety. However, MWL is a multi-dimensional construct that could be affected by multiple factors. Particularly, in the context of a more automated cockpit setting, the traditional methods of assessing pilot MWL may face challenges. Heart rate variability (HRV) has emerged as a potential tool for detecting pilot MWL during real-flight operations. This review aims to investigate the relationship between HRV and pilot MWL and to assess the performance of machine-learning-based MWL detection systems using HRV parameters. A total of 29 relevant papers were extracted from three databases for review based on rigorous eligibility criteria. We observed significant variability across the reviewed studies, including study designs and measurement methods, as well as machine-learning techniques. Inconsistent results were observed regarding the differences in HRV measures between pilots under varying levels of MWL. Furthermore, for studies that developed HRV-based MWL detection systems, we examined the diverse model settings and discovered that several advanced techniques could be used to address specific challenges. This review serves as a practical guide for researchers and practitioners who are interested in employing HRV indicators for evaluating MWL and wish to incorporate cutting-edge techniques into their MWL measurement approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arnab Majumdar
- Centre for Transport Studies, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (P.W.); (R.H.)
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Lefetz O, Baste JM, Hamel JF, Mordojovich G, Lefevre-Scelles A, Coq JM. Robotic surgery and work-related stress: A systematic review. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2024; 117:104188. [PMID: 38301320 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Despite robot-assisted surgery (RAS) becoming increasingly common, little is known about the impact of the underlying work organization on the stress levels of members of the operating room (OR) team. To this end, assessing whether RAS may impact work-related stress, identifying associated stress factors and surveying relevant measurement methods seems critical. Using three databases (Scopus, Medline, Google Scholar), a systematic review was conducted leading to the analysis of 20 articles. Results regarding OR team stress levels and measurement methods were heterogeneous, which could be explained by differing research conditions (i.e., lab. vs. real-life). Relevant stressors such as (in)experience with RAS and quality of team communication were identified. Development of a common, more reliable methodology of stress assessment is required. Research should focus on real-life conditions in order to develop valid and actionable knowledge. Surgical teams would greatly benefit from discussing RAS-related stressors and developing team-specific strategies to handle them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophélie Lefetz
- Univ Rouen Normandie, CRFDP, UR 7475, F-76000, Rouen, France.
| | - Jean-Marc Baste
- Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Rouen, 22 Boulevard Gambetta, CS, 76183, Rouen Cedex 1, France; Rouen University Hospital, Department of general and thoracic surgery, F-76000, Rouen, France; Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSERM, U1096, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | | | - Gerardo Mordojovich
- Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Av. Vitacura 5951, Vitacura, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile; Hospital de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Universidad Mayor de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antoine Lefevre-Scelles
- Rouen University Hospital, Department of intensive care, anesthesia and perioperative medicine, F-76000, Rouen, France; Rouen University Hospital, Emergency Care Training Center (CESU-76A) of Emergency medical service (SAMU-76A), F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Michel Coq
- Univ Rouen Normandie, CRFDP, UR 7475, F-76000, Rouen, France
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Roumengous T, Boutwell RC, Strohmaier J, Allen J, Goldbach B, Marotta N, Songkakul T, Critcher S, Morse BG, Beer JMA, Sherman PM. Cerebral oxygenation and perfusion kinetics monitoring of military aircrew at high G using novel fNIRS wearable system. FRONTIERS IN NEUROERGONOMICS 2024; 5:1357905. [PMID: 38464394 PMCID: PMC10922194 DOI: 10.3389/fnrgo.2024.1357905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Real-time physiological episode (PE) detection and management in aircrew operating high-performance aircraft (HPA) is crucial for the US Military. This paper addresses the unique challenges posed by high acceleration (G-force) in HPA aircrew and explores the potential of a novel wearable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system, named NIRSense Aerie, to continuously monitor cerebral oxygenation during high G-force exposure. Methods The NIRSense Aerie system is a flight-optimized, wearable fNIRS device designed to monitor tissue oxygenation 13-20 mm below the skin's surface. The system includes an optical frontend adhered to the forehead, an electronics module behind the earcup of aircrew helmets, and a custom adhesive for secure attachment. The fNIRS optical layout incorporates near-distance, middle-distance, and far-distance infrared emitters, a photodetector, and an accelerometer for motion measurements. Data processing involves the modified Beer-Lambert law for computing relative chromophore concentration changes. A human evaluation of the NIRSense Aerie was conducted on six subjects exposed to G-forces up to +9 Gz in an Aerospace Environmental Protection Laboratory centrifuge. fNIRS data, pulse oximetry, and electrocardiography (HR) were collected to analyze cerebral and superficial tissue oxygenation kinetics during G-loading and recovery. Results The NIRSense Aerie successfully captured cerebral deoxygenation responses during high G-force exposure, demonstrating its potential for continuous monitoring in challenging operational environments. Pulse oximetry was compromised during G-loading, emphasizing the system's advantage in uninterrupted cerebrovascular monitoring. Significant changes in oxygenation metrics were observed across G-loading levels, with distinct responses in Deoxy-Hb and Oxy-Hb concentrations. HR increased during G-loading, reflecting physiological stress and the anti-G straining maneuver. Discussion The NIRSense Aerie shows promise for real-time monitoring of aircrew physiological responses during high G-force exposure. Despite challenges, the system provides valuable insights into cerebral oxygenation kinetics. Future developments aim for miniaturization and optimization for enhanced aircrew comfort and wearability. This technology has potential for improving anti-G straining maneuver learning and retention through real-time cerebral oxygenation feedback during centrifuge training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bria G. Morse
- Aerospace Environment Protection Lab, KBR Science and Space Government Solutions Group, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jeremy M. A. Beer
- Aerospace Environment Protection Lab, KBR Science and Space Government Solutions Group, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Paul M. Sherman
- USAF 59th Medical Wing Science and Technology, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Grossman R, Billotti BM, Ha JJ, Cassara M. Should the existing science of teams be applied to fluid teams? An exploration of fluid team effectiveness within the context of healthcare simulation. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1323469. [PMID: 38362245 PMCID: PMC10867970 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1323469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fluid teams have become increasingly prevalent and necessary for modern-day issues, yet they differ from more traditional teams, on which much of the current teams literature is based. For example, fluid teams are often comprised of members from different disciplines or organizational divisions who do not have a shared history or future, as they come together to perform a critical, time-sensitive task, and then disband. For these reasons, the mechanisms through which they function and perform may differ from those of more traditional teams, and research is needed to better understand these differences. Methods To this end, this study utilized critical incident techniques and thematic analysis to examine fluid teams within healthcare, one of the primary contexts in which they are prevalent. Interdisciplinary faculty and students in the medical field who encounter fluid teams within simulation-based education were prompted to reflect on key factors that facilitate or hinder fluid team effectiveness. Results Primary themes extracted pertained to the conditions fluid teams operate within (e.g., high-stress), the behaviors and emergent states that contribute to their success (e.g., communication), and the KSAO's of value for members of fluid teams to possess (e.g., readiness). These themes were then compared to existing literature, yielding the identification of some similarities but also many important differences between fluid and traditional teams. Discussion A series of practical recommendations for how to promote fluid team effectiveness is then presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Grossman
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | | | - Joseph J. Ha
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Michael Cassara
- Northwell, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
- Center for Learning and Innovation, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
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Masi G, Amprimo G, Ferraris C, Priano L. Correction: Masi et al. Stress and Workload Assessment in Aviation-A Narrative Review. Sensors 2023, 23, 3556. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:690. [PMID: 38276408 PMCID: PMC10820357 DOI: 10.3390/s24020690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The published publication [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Masi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10100 Torino, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Amprimo
- Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication, National Research Council, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (G.A.); (C.F.)
- Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudia Ferraris
- Institute of Electronics, Information Engineering and Telecommunication, National Research Council, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; (G.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Priano
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Via Cherasco 15, 10100 Torino, Italy;
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation, S. Giuseppe Hospital, Oggebbio (Piancavallo), 28824 Verbania, Italy
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Massaeli F, Power SD. EEG-based hierarchical classification of level of demand and modality of auditory and visual sensory processing. J Neural Eng 2024; 21:016008. [PMID: 38176028 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ad1ac1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Objective.To date, most research on electroencephalography (EEG)-based mental workload detection for passive brain-computer interface (pBCI) applications has focused on identifying the overall level of cognitive resources required, such as whether the workload is high or low. We propose, however, that being able to determine the specific type of cognitive resources being used, such as visual or auditory, would also be useful. This would enable the pBCI to take more appropriate action to reduce the overall level of cognitive demand on the user. For example, if a high level of workload was detected and it is determined that the user is primarily engaged in visual information processing, then the pBCI could cause some information to be presented aurally instead. In our previous work we showed that EEG could be used to differentiate visual from auditory processing tasks when the level of processing is high, but the two modalities could not be distinguished when the level of cognitive processing demand was very low. The current study aims to build on this work and move toward the overall objective of developing a pBCI that is capable of predicting both the level and the type of cognitive resources being used.Approach.Fifteen individuals undertook carefully designed visual and auditory tasks while their EEG data was being recorded. In this study, we incorporated a more diverse range of sensory processing conditions including not only single-modality conditions (i.e. those requiring one of either visual or auditory processing) as in our previous study, but also dual-modality conditions (i.e. those requiring both visual and auditory processing) and no-task/baseline conditions (i.e. when the individual is not engaged in either visual or auditory processing).Main results.Using regularized linear discriminant analysis within a hierarchical classification algorithm, the overall cognitive demand was predicted with an accuracy of more than 86%, while the presence or absence of visual and auditory sensory processing were each predicted with an accuracy of approximately 70%.Significance.The findings support the feasibility of establishing a pBCI that can determine both the level and type of attentional resources required by the user at any given moment. This pBCI could assist in enhancing safety in hazardous jobs by triggering the most effective and efficient adaptation strategies when high workload conditions are detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faghihe Massaeli
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, Canada
| | - Sarah D Power
- Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, Canada
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Minoretti P, Sáez ASS, Martín ÁFG, Riera ML, Serrano MG, Emanuele E. Skin biophysical parameters and serum dermokine levels in airline pilots: a comparative study with office workers. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2023; 40:757-761. [PMID: 38282882 PMCID: PMC10809828 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2023.132262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Concerns are growing in the aviation industry about occupational skin diseases like malignant melanoma (MM) among airline pilots (APs), due to the unique working environment that exposes them to various skin stressors. Aim To compare five skin biophysical parameters in a group of 40 male APs, each matched in terms of age and service tenure (minimum of 5 years) with a control group of 40 male office workers (OWs). Considering the potential role of dermokine (DMKN) in skin barrier dysfunction and the pathogenesis of MM, we further analyzed the serum levels of this molecule and correlated them with the measured skin parameters. Material and methods Stratum corneum skin hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum content, erythema index (EI), and melanin index (MI) were quantified by non-invasive instruments in the cheek region. Serum DMKN levels were measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results Compared with OWs, the skin of APs exhibited a decrease in hydration levels in the stratum corneum, coinciding with a higher TEWL. However, there was no significant variance in sebum content between the groups. MI was notably higher in APs than in OWs, as was EI. In APs, serum DMKN levels were independently associated with MI (β = 0.56, p < 0.05). Conclusions We found a significant link between the profession of an airline pilot and changes in skin biophysical parameters. Further research into the interplay between serum DMKN levels and the risk of MM in APs is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piercarlo Minoretti
- Studio Minoretti, Oggiono, Italy
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés S. Santiago Sáez
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángel F. García Martín
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miryam Liańo Riera
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez Serrano
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Osama M, Ateya AA, Sayed MS, Hammad M, Pławiak P, Abd El-Latif AA, Elsayed RA. Internet of Medical Things and Healthcare 4.0: Trends, Requirements, Challenges, and Research Directions. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7435. [PMID: 37687891 PMCID: PMC10490658 DOI: 10.3390/s23177435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare 4.0 is a recent e-health paradigm associated with the concept of Industry 4.0. It provides approaches to achieving precision medicine that delivers healthcare services based on the patient's characteristics. Moreover, Healthcare 4.0 enables telemedicine, including telesurgery, early predictions, and diagnosis of diseases. This represents an important paradigm for modern societies, especially with the current situation of pandemics. The release of the fifth-generation cellular system (5G), the current advances in wearable device manufacturing, and the recent technologies, e.g., artificial intelligence (AI), edge computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT), are the main drivers of evolutions of Healthcare 4.0 systems. To this end, this work considers introducing recent advances, trends, and requirements of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) and Healthcare 4.0 systems. The ultimate requirements of such networks in the era of 5G and next-generation networks are discussed. Moreover, the design challenges and current research directions of these networks. The key enabling technologies of such systems, including AI and distributed edge computing, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Osama
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.O.); (M.S.S.); (R.A.E.)
| | - Abdelhamied A. Ateya
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.O.); (M.S.S.); (R.A.E.)
- EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.); (A.A.A.E.-L.)
| | - Mohammed S. Sayed
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.O.); (M.S.S.); (R.A.E.)
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Hammad
- EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.); (A.A.A.E.-L.)
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computers and Information, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Paweł Pławiak
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Telecommunications, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bałtycka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif
- EIAS Data Science Lab, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia; (M.H.); (A.A.A.E.-L.)
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shibin El Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Rania A. Elsayed
- Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; (M.O.); (M.S.S.); (R.A.E.)
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Zanoni A, Garbo P, Masarati P, Quaranta G. Frustrated Total Internal Reflection Measurement System for Pilot Inceptor Grip Pressure. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:6308. [PMID: 37514602 PMCID: PMC10386139 DOI: 10.3390/s23146308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Sensing the interaction between the pilot and the control inceptors can provide important information about the pilot's activity during flight, potentially enabling the objective measurement of the pilot workload, the application of preventive actions against loss of situational awareness, and the identification of the insurgence of adverse couplings with the vehicle dynamics. This work presents an innovative pressure-sensing device developed to be seamlessly integrated into the grips of conventional aircraft control inceptors. The sensor, based on frustrated total internal reflection of light, is composed of low-cost elements and can be easily manufactured to be applicable to different hand pressure ranges. The characteristics of the sensor are first demonstrated in laboratory calibration tests. Subsequently, applications in flight simulator testing are presented, focusing on the objective representation of the pilot's instantaneous workload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zanoni
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierre Garbo
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Masarati
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Quaranta
- Department of Aerospace Science and Technology, Politecnico di Milano, 20156 Milan, Italy
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