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Nan X, Qin B, Xu Z, Jia Q, Hao J, Cao X, Mei S, Wang X, Kang T, Zhang J, Bai T. The effect of feed mechanisms on the structural design of flexible antennas, and research on their material processing and applications. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:091501. [PMID: 39287479 DOI: 10.1063/5.0206788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Flexible antennas are widely used in mobile communications, the Internet of Things, personalized medicine, aerospace, and military technologies due to their superior performance in terms of adaptability, impact resistance, high degree of freedom, miniaturization of structures, and cost-effectiveness. With excellent flexibility and portability, these antennas are now being integrated into paper, textiles, and even the human body to withstand the various mechanical stresses of daily life without compromising their performance. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the basic principles and current development of flexible antennas, systematically analyze the key performance factors of flexible antennas, such as structure, process, material, and application environment, and then discuss in detail the design structure, material selection, preparation process, and corresponding experimental validation of flexible antennas. Flexible antenna design in mobile communication, wearable devices, biomedical technology, and other fields in recent years has been emphasized. Finally, the development status of flexible antenna technology is summarized, and its future development trend and research direction are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Nan
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Bolin Qin
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Zhikuan Xu
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qikun Jia
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinjin Hao
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xinxin Cao
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Shixuan Mei
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tongtong Kang
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Tingting Bai
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Jurasz K, Kościelnik D, Szyduczyński J, Machowski W. A New Successive Time Balancing Time-to-Digital Conversion Method. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9712. [PMID: 38139557 PMCID: PMC10747889 DOI: 10.3390/s23249712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new self-clocked time-to-digital conversion method based on a binary successive approximation (SA) algorithm. Its novelty consists in combining fully clockless operation with direct conversion of the measured time interval. The lack of any reference clock makes the presented method potentially predisposed to low-power solutions. Furthermore, its circuit representation is extremely simple, thereby the ability to direct conversion of time intervals is not burdened by a significant amount of components. The method is intended to measure relatively long time intervals, i.e., hundreds of microseconds. Therefore, it is suitable for e.g., biomedical applications using time-mode signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Jurasz
- Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (J.S.); (W.M.)
| | - Dariusz Kościelnik
- Department of Electronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (J.S.); (W.M.)
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