Application of Silicon Nanowire Field Effect Transistor (SiNW-FET) Biosensor with High Sensitivity

Label-Free Field Effect Transistors (FETs) for Fabrication of Point-of-Care (POC) Biomedical Detection Probes

Field effect transistors (FETs)-based detection probes are powerful platforms for quantification in biological media due to their sensitivity, ease of miniaturization, and ability to function in biological media. Especially, FET-based platforms have been utilized as promising probes for label-free detections with the potential for use in real-time monitoring. The integration of new materials in the FET-based probe enhances the analytical performance of the developed probes by increasing the active surface area, rejecting interfering agents, and providing the possibility for surface modification. Furthermore, the use of new materials eliminates the need for traditional labeling techniques, providing rapid and cost-effective detection of biological analytes. This review discusses the application of materials in the development of FET-based label-free systems for point-of-care (POC) analysis of different biomedical analytes from 2018 to 2024. The mechanism of action of the reported probes is discussed, as well as their pros and cons were also investigated. Also, the possible challenges and potential for the fabrication of commercial devices or methods for use in clinics were discussed.

A review of nanomaterials for biosensing applications

A biosensor is a device that reacts with the analyte to be analyzed, detects its concentration, and generates readable information, which plays an important role in medical diagnosis, detection of physiological indicators, and disease prevention. Nanomaterials have received increasing attention in the fabrication and improvement of biosensors due to their unique physicochemical and optical properties. In this paper, the properties of nanomaterials such as the size effect, optical and electrical properties, and their advantages in the field of biosensing are briefly summarized, and the application of nanomaterials can effectively improve the sensitivity and reduce the detection limit of biosensors. The advantages of commonly used nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), quantum dots (QDs), graphene, and magnetic nanobeads for biosensor applications are also reviewed. Besides, the two main types of biosensors using nanomaterials involved in their construction and their working principles are described, and the toxicity and biocompatibility of nanomaterials and the future direction of nanomaterial biosensors are discussed.